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Showing 44221 - 44240 of 82803 results
  • Gender and Occupational Differences in Blood Pressure in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III
    Gender and Occupational Differences in Blood Pressure in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III
    Alterman, Toni ;
    Chen X
    2002/04/01 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    Cardiovascular disease (CVD) impacts worker health. In several industrialized countries, CVDs are the leading cause of death in women, as they are in men, and generate an equal amount of heart disease expenditure in both groups. Differences in self-reported hypertension objective measurements of blood pressure, and treated hypertension were examine ...
    Public Domain
  • An exploratory study of nurse bag use by home visiting nurses
    An exploratory study of nurse bag use by home visiting nurses
    Bloswick, Donald S. ;
    Pett MA
    2002/04/01 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    Although the bag of the home care nurse is functional and historical, there is limited information in the literature about its use and nurses' preferences. This study analyzes how the bag is used, and examines comfort issues and preferences nurses have for this valuable tool. Implications for design and features are gained from this research as wel ...
  • Computer Assisted Morphological Analysis of Opacities on the International Labor Organization Standard Radiographs for the Pneumoconiosis
    Computer Assisted Morphological Analysis of Opacities on the International Labor Organization Standard Radiographs for the Pneumoconiosis
    James D ;
    Ketai L
    2002/04/01 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    The International Labor Organization (ILO) standard for scoring chest radiographs requires visual determination of opacity size, shape and perfusion. Inter- and intra-reader variability is one limitation of this method of classifying radiographs. A computer-based technique was developed to accurately and consistently characterize opacities associat ...
  • The Changing Organization of Work and the Safety and Health of Working People Knowledge Gaps and Research Directions
    The Changing Organization of Work and the Safety and Health of Working People: Knowledge Gaps and Research Directions
    Sauter, Steven L. ;
    Brightwell, W. Stephen
    2002/04/01 | NIOSH Numbered Publications
    Revolutionary changes in the organization of work have far outpaced our knowledge about the implicaitions of these changes for the quality of working life and for safety and health on the job. This gap in knowledge is one of the 21 priority areas for research inder the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) and its partners t ...
    Public Domain
  • Alteration of Intracellular Cysteine and Glutathione Levels in Alveolar Macrophages and Lymphocytes by Diesel Exhaust Particle Exposure
    Alteration of Intracellular Cysteine and Glutathione Levels in Alveolar Macrophages and Lymphocytes by Diesel Exhaust Particle Exposure
    Al-Humadi, Nabil H. ;
    Siegel, Paul D.
    2002/04/01 | Environ Health Perspect 2002 Apr; 110(4):349-353 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    The purpose of this study was to characterize the effects of diesel exhaust particles (DEP) on thiol regulation in alveolar macrophages (AM) and lymphocytes. We obtained AM and lymph node (thymic and tracheal) cells (LNC) (at different time points) from rats exposed intratracheally to DEP (5 mg/kg) or saline, and measured inflammatory markers, thio ...
    Supporting Files Public Domain
  • Childhood Agricultural Injury Prevention Progress Report and Updated National Action Plan from the 2001 Summit
    Childhood Agricultural Injury Prevention: Progress Report and Updated National Action Plan from the 2001 Summit
    Lee, B. ;
    Gallagher, Sean
    2002/04/01 | Agricultural Injury Prevention: Progress Report and Updated National Action Plan from the 2001 Summit, Lee B, Gallagher S, Marlenga ,; Hard D, eds., Marshfield Clinic, 2002 Apr; :1-36 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    Key Points: Twelve recommendations (that span beyond the 42 recommendations of the 1996 National Action Plan) are proposed within the framework of: a) non-working children, b) working children and adolescents, and c) infrastructure and leadership. Wherever possible, evaluation strategies should be applied to existing and new approaches; and evaluat ...
  • NIOSH Hazard Review Health Effects of Occupational Exposure to Respirable Crystalline Silica
    NIOSH Hazard Review: Health Effects of Occupational Exposure to Respirable Crystalline Silica
    Rice, Faye L. ;
    Key-Schwartz, Rosa J.
    2002/04/01 | NIOSH Numbered Publications
    Occupational exposures to respirable crystalline silica are associated with the development of silicosis, lung cancer, pulmonary tuberculosis, and airways diseases. These exposures may also be related to the development of autoimmune disorders, chronic renal disease, and other adverse health effects. Recent epidemiologic studies demonstrate that wo ...
    Public Domain
  • Age Differentially Influences Estrogen ReceptorAlpha ERalpha and Estrogen ReceptorBeta ERbeta Gene Expression in Specific Regions of the Rat Brain
    Age Differentially Influences Estrogen Receptor-Alpha (ERalpha) and Estrogen Receptor-Beta (ERbeta) Gene Expression in Specific Regions of the Rat Brain
    Kashon ML ;
    Merchenthaler I
    2002/03/31 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    Estradiol's ability to influence neurochemical events that are critical to female reproductive cyclicity and behavior decreases with age. We tested the hypothesis that decreases in estrogen receptor-alpha (ERalpha) and/or ERbeta mRNA explain the brain's declining responsiveness to estradiol. We assessed ERalpha and ERbeta mRNA levels in intact and ...
    Public Domain
  • Particle shape modification in comminution
    Particle shape modification in comminution
    Hogg R ;
    Kaya E
    2002/03/29 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    The evolution of particle shape during the course of comminution processes has been investigated. Shape is characterized using a variety of quantitative shape descriptors determined from particle profiles obtained by image analysis. Descriptors related to particle elongation, roundness and angularity are emphasized. Distributions of the descriptors ...
    Public Domain
  • Two gas well workers were struck and killed when a drainage pipe broke free during a gas well pressure test
    Two gas well workers were struck and killed when a drainage pipe broke free during a gas well pressure test.
    Texas Fatality Assessment and Control Evaluation Program (Texas FACE)  ...
    2002/03/25 | Fatality Assessment and Control Evaluation Reports (FACE)
    Two gas well workers were killed by the explosion of a flow back line on a gas well. The flow back line removed sand and a coagulating agent from the drill site of the gas well they were working on. The gas well was a natural gas extraction unit with several lines running into and out of the central pump assembly. The victims were standing by durin ...
  • Dietary Potassium Oxonate Increases Uric Acid in Rat Plasma and Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid
    Dietary Potassium Oxonate Increases Uric Acid in Rat Plasma and Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid
    Blemings KP ;
    Kain B
    2002/03/22 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    Uric acid (VA) may be an important antioxidant, but its role in the lung has not been investigated. It is our hypothesis that by raising VA concentrations, silica-induced pulmonary damage may be ameliorated. In the first of a two part study, 52 male Sprague-Daley rats were randomized to four dietary treatments of 0, 2.5, 5.0, or 7.5% potassium oxon ...
    Public Domain
  • Effects of Paving Asphalt Fume Exposure on Genotoxic and Mutagenic Activities in the Lung
    Effects of Paving Asphalt Fume Exposure on Genotoxic and Mutagenic Activities in the Lung
    Barger M ;
    Castranova, Vincent
    2002/03/22 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    Asphalt fumes are complex mixtures of aerosols and vapors containing various organic compounds, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and have been demonstrated to alter the cytochrome P-450 system in the lung with significant induction of CYPIAl, The present study was carried out to characterize the potential mutagenic and genotoxic effects ...
    Public Domain
  • Role of Lung Surfactant in Phagocytic Clearance of Apoptic Cells by Macrophages During the Development of Pulmonary Inflammation and Fibrosis
    Role of Lung Surfactant in Phagocytic Clearance of Apoptic Cells by Macrophages During the Development of Pulmonary Inflammation and Fibrosis
    Antonini J ;
    Castranova, Vincent
    2002/03/22 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    Two of the common features of inflammatory lung diseases are the increased production of lung surfactant and induction cell apoptosis in the lungs. However, the relationship between these two events has not been addressed. To investigate the role of surfactants in pulmonary inflammation and apoptosis, we instilled Survanta (I.S-12 mg) into the lung ...
    Public Domain
  • Enhanced Nitric Oxide Production Associated with SilicaInduced Disease in Rats
    Enhanced Nitric Oxide Production Associated with Silica-Induced Disease in Rats
    Castranova, Vincent ;
    Hubbs, Ann F.
    2002/03/22 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    This study investigated the relationship between silica-induced lung damage, inflammation and fibrosis and nitric oxide (NO) production in rats exposed by inhalation to silica (15 mgim3 silica, 6 hr/day, 5 days/week, for 116 exposure days). Markers of pulmonary inflammation and damage rise rapidly (5-16 days of exposure) and are maintained at a rel ...
    Public Domain
  • Induction of CYP1A1 and NADPH Quinone Oxidoreductase QR with Concomitant Attenuation of CYP2B1 in the Lung Effects of Paving Asphalt Fume Exposure
    Induction of CYP1A1 and NADPH Quinone Oxidoreductase (QR) with Concomitant Attenuation of CYP2B1 in the Lung: Effects of Paving Asphalt Fume Exposure
    Barger MW ;
    Batteli L
    2002/03/22 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in asphalt fumes require bioactivation by cytochrome P-4S0 to exert toxic/carcinogenic effects. Exposure to asphalt fume may alter phase I (P-4S0) and phase II (QR and GST) enzymes in the lung. The objective of this study was to evaluate this hypothesis in a rat model. Rats were exposed to air or asphalt fume ...
    Public Domain
  • Restraint Stress Modulation of the Skin Immune Response Is Independent of T Cell Proliferation
    Restraint Stress Modulation of the Skin Immune Response Is Independent of T Cell Proliferation
    Depree KM ;
    Flint MS
    2002/03/22 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    Previous reports suggest that restraint stress applied to sensitized mice before challenge enhances the mouse ear swelling response. To determine if this event was localized to the skin and /or the lymph nodes, we assessed Langerhans cell (LC) morphology by analyzing FITC-conjugated Ia stained cells in epidermal sheets and cell proliferation by the ...
    Public Domain
  • ArsenicInduced CSrc Activation in Uroepithelium
    Arsenic-Induced C-Src Activation in Uroepithelium
    Hulderman T ;
    Luster M
    2002/03/22 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    Environmental or occupational exposure to arsenic is associated with a greatly increased risk of skin, urinary bladder and respiratory tract cancers in arseniasis-endemic areas throughout the world. Arsenic shares many properties of tumor promoters by affecting specific cell signal transduction pathways responsible for cell proliferation. In the cu ...
    Public Domain
  • Determination of Dialkyldithiocarbamate Accelerator Residues in Latex Condoms
    Determination of Dialkyldithiocarbamate Accelerator Residues in Latex Condoms
    Bledsoe TA ;
    Depree GJ
    2002/03/22 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    Considerable attention has been paid to potential human health hazards arising from N,N-dialkyldithiocarbamate (DTC) type vulcanization accelerators in latex products. A commonly used accelerator zinc diethyldithiocarbamate (ZDEC) has been detected in leachates from medical devices including gloves and surgical drains. It and several other zinc DTC ...
    Public Domain
  • Novel Applications of Confocal Microscopy in Lung Toxicology
    Novel Applications of Confocal Microscopy in Lung Toxicology
    Antonini J ;
    Roberts, Jennifer R.
    2002/03/22 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    Confocal microscopy (CM) allows optical sectioning of a sample without physical damage. We examined the deposition of inhaled asbestos and quantified lung injury after intratracheal amiodarone (AD) treatment with CM. Exposed lungs were: 1) airway fixed, stained with lucifer yellow (LY; 0.1 mg/ml), and embedded in plastic; or 2) inflated with ethidi ...
    Public Domain
  • Influence of Hyperthyroidism on Rat Lung Cytokine Production and Nuclear Factor NFKappaB Activation Following Ozone Exposure
    Influence of Hyperthyroidism on Rat Lung Cytokine Production and Nuclear Factor (NF)-KappaB Activation Following Ozone Exposure
    Brumbaugh K ;
    Ding M
    2002/03/22 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    Results from previous studies indicate that hyperthyroidism increases the risk of ozone-induced lung toxicity. In the present study, we evaluated cytokine levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from control and hyperthyroid male rats 18 hours after exposure to air or ozone (2 ppm for 3 hours). MIP-2 and MCP-I levels were increased in both control a ...
    Public Domain
44221 - 44240 / 82803