The U.S. sentinel hospital surveillance system for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection includes approximately 40 short-stay hospitals located in 31 metropolitan areas in the United States and Puerto Rico. Several hospitals began testing in l...

Although personal determinants of exercise behavior have been studied extensively, few investigators have examined the influence of the physical environment on exercise habits. A random sample of 2,053 residents of San Diego, CA, were surveyed regard...

To assess the need for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) prevention counseling for gay and bisexual men who were continuing to engage in unsafe sex, a nonprobability telephone survey--the data may not be generalizable to the population--was c...

Sharing of equipment used to inject illicit drugs intravenously is a risk factor for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Systematic surveillance of HIV infection among intravenous drug users (IV...

A seroprevalence survey of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) among childbearing women is being conducted in 43 States and Territories as one of the family of HIV seroprevalence surveys. This blinded survey, in which serologic test results are not li...

While the hazards of chronic environmental pollution remain unclear, people are making decisions about their exposure to pollution and its possible effects on their health. To compare people's concerns about environmental problems, a systematic, stra...

Primary care outpatients provide a good sentinel population for monitoring levels and trends of HIV infection in the United States. Because a broad cross section of the population seeks primary medical care, excess blood from specimens routinely coll...

Seven published and two unpublished surveys of Native American school children's use of smokeless tobacco (ST) are reviewed. The surveys represent school children in the States of South Dakota, Montana, Nebraska, Washington, Arizona, New Mexico, and ...

Human immunodeficiency virus, type 1 (HIV), seroprevalence studies are needed to determine the level and trends of HIV infection among women attending family planning, abortion, and prenatal care clinics in the United States. A review of published an...

Blood donors make up the largest group in the United States that is tested for human immunodeficiency virus, type 1 (HIV) antibody. The blood donor population is ideal for detecting and quantifying uncommon or unrecognized modes of HIV transmission i...

An objective of the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) family of HIV seroprevalence surveys, conducted by State and local health departments, is the collection of seroprevalence data that may be useful in managing public health programs. In prevention...

The Centers for Disease Control, in cooperation with State and local health departments, is conducting human immunodeficiency virus, type 1 (HIV), seroprevalence surveys, using standard protocols, in sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinics in sele...

During 1987-89, the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), in collaboration with State and local health departments, other Federal agencies, blood collection agencies, and medical research institutions, implemented a national sentinel surveillance system...

In 1986, the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) implemented the Model Performance Evaluation Program (MPEP) to evaluate the performance of laboratories that test for antibody directed against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). The impetus fo...

Symptomatic tuberculosis (TB) can occur as an opportunistic disease in immunosuppressed persons who are infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and who have been previously infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Increases in TB cases have...

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) can be a serious aftermath of catastrophic events such as war. The incidence of PTSD appears to be high among Vietnam veterans. PTSD can be extremely disruptive to a person's physical and mental well-being, famil...