Human immunodeficiency virus, type 1 (HIV), seroprevalence studies are needed to determine the level and trends of HIV infection among women attending family planning, abortion, and prenatal care clinics in the United States. A review of published and unpublished studies showed that HIV seroprevalence among women attending women's health clinics was 0 to 2.6 percent, although the studies were difficult to compare because of differences in methodology. The Centers for Disease Control, in association with State and local health departments, has developed a standardized protocol to determine HIV seroprevalence among women attending women's health clinics in selected metropolitan areas. Blinded HIV serosurveys (serologic test results not identified with a person) are being conducted annually in selected sentinel clinics in order to obtain estimates of HIV seroprevalence unbiased by self-selection, as well as to monitor trends in infection among clients attending these clinics. In areas with high HIV seroprevalence, nonblinded serosurveys (in which clients voluntarily agree to participate) will be used to assess behaviors that may place women at increased risk of exposure to HIV. Data from the surveys can be used in developing age-specific and culturally appropriate AIDS educational materials, assessing the amount and type of counseling activities required, and evaluating acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) prevention activities. The information will provide epidemiologic data to complement the results of other surveys in characterizing the scope of HIV infection among women of childbearing age in the United States.
Sallis, J F; Hovell, M F; Hofstetter, C R; Elder, J P; Hackley, M; Caspersen, C J; Powell, K E;
Published Date:
1990 Mar-Apr
Source:
Public Health Rep. 105(2):179-185
Description:
Although personal determinants of exercise behavior have been studied extensively, few investigators have examined the influence of the physical environment on exercise habits. A random sample of 2,053 residents of San Diego, CA, were surveyed regard...
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) can be a serious aftermath of catastrophic events such as war. The incidence of PTSD appears to be high among Vietnam veterans. PTSD can be extremely disruptive to a person's physical and mental well-being, famil...
Blood donors make up the largest group in the United States that is tested for human immunodeficiency virus, type 1 (HIV) antibody. The blood donor population is ideal for detecting and quantifying uncommon or unrecognized modes of HIV transmission i...
Roffman, R A; Gillmore, M R; Gilchrist, L D; Mathias, S A; Krueger, L;
Published Date:
1990 Mar-Apr
Source:
Public Health Rep. 105(2):202-208
Description:
To assess the need for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) prevention counseling for gay and bisexual men who were continuing to engage in unsafe sex, a nonprobability telephone survey--the data may not be generalizable to the population--was c...
Petersen, L R; Calonge, N B; Chamberland, M E; Engel, R H; Herring, N C;
Published Date:
1990 Mar-Apr
Source:
Public Health Rep. 105(2):158-162
Description:
Primary care outpatients provide a good sentinel population for monitoring levels and trends of HIV infection in the United States. Because a broad cross section of the population seeks primary medical care, excess blood from specimens routinely coll...
Pappaioanou, Marguerite; George, J. Richard; Hannon, W. Harry; Gwinn, Marta; Dondero, Timothy J.; Grady, George F.; Hoff, Rodney; Willoughby, Anne D.; Wright, Audrey; Novello, Antonia C.; Curran, James W.;
Published Date:
1990 Mar-Apr
Source:
Public Health Rep. 105(2):147-152
Description:
A seroprevalence survey of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) among childbearing women is being conducted in 43 States and Territories as one of the family of HIV seroprevalence surveys. This blinded survey, in which serologic test results are not li...
Onorato, I M; McCray, E; Pappaioanou, M; Johnson, R; Aral, S; Hardy, A M; Dondero, T J;
Published Date:
1990 Mar-Apr
Source:
Public Health Rep. 105(2):119-124
Description:
The Centers for Disease Control, in cooperation with State and local health departments, is conducting human immunodeficiency virus, type 1 (HIV), seroprevalence surveys, using standard protocols, in sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinics in sele...
While the hazards of chronic environmental pollution remain unclear, people are making decisions about their exposure to pollution and its possible effects on their health. To compare people's concerns about environmental problems, a systematic, stra...
St Louis, M E; Olivo, N; Critchley, S; Rauch, K J; White, C R; Munn, V P; Dondero, T J;
Published Date:
1990 Mar-Apr
Source:
Public Health Rep. 105(2):140-146
Description:
The U.S. sentinel hospital surveillance system for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection includes approximately 40 short-stay hospitals located in 31 metropolitan areas in the United States and Puerto Rico. Several hospitals began testing in l...
Jones, T S; Allen, D M; Onorato, I M; Petersen, L R; Dondero, T J; Pappaioanou, M;
Published Date:
1990 Mar-Apr
Source:
Public Health Rep. 105(2):125-130
Description:
Sharing of equipment used to inject illicit drugs intravenously is a risk factor for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Systematic surveillance of HIV infection among intravenous drug users (IV...
Schalla, William O.; Hearn, Thomas L.; Taylor, Roger N.; Eavenson, Eloise; Valdiserri, Ronald O.; Essien, Joyce D. K.;
Published Date:
1990 Mar-Apr
Source:
Public Health Rep. 105(2):167-171
Description:
In 1986, the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) implemented the Model Performance Evaluation Program (MPEP) to evaluate the performance of laboratories that test for antibody directed against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). The impetus fo...
Pappaioanou, Marguerite; Dondero, Timothy J.; Petersen, Lyle R.; Onorato, Ida M.; Sanchez, Carolyn D.; Curran, James W.;
Published Date:
1990 Mar-Apr
Source:
Public Health Rep. 105(2):113-119
Description:
During 1987-89, the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), in collaboration with State and local health departments, other Federal agencies, blood collection agencies, and medical research institutions, implemented a national sentinel surveillance system...
An objective of the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) family of HIV seroprevalence surveys, conducted by State and local health departments, is the collection of seroprevalence data that may be useful in managing public health programs. In prevention...
Seven published and two unpublished surveys of Native American school children's use of smokeless tobacco (ST) are reviewed. The surveys represent school children in the States of South Dakota, Montana, Nebraska, Washington, Arizona, New Mexico, and ...
McCray, Eugene; Onorato, Ida M.; Miller, Bess I.; Dondero, Timothy J.; Bloch, Aalan B.;
Published Date:
1990 Mar-Apr
Source:
Public Health Rep. 105(2):135-140
Description:
Symptomatic tuberculosis (TB) can occur as an opportunistic disease in immunosuppressed persons who are infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and who have been previously infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Increases in TB cases have...
Jones, T S; Allen, D M; Onorato, I M; Petersen, L R; Dondero, T J; Pappaioanou, M;
Published Date:
1990 Mar-Apr
Source:
Public Health Rep. 105(2):125-130
Description:
Sharing of equipment used to inject illicit drugs intravenously is a risk factor for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Systematic surveillance of HIV infection among intravenous drug users (IV...
Pappaioanou, Marguerite; Dondero, Timothy J.; Petersen, Lyle R.; Onorato, Ida M.; Sanchez, Carolyn D.; Curran, James W.;
Published Date:
1990 Mar-Apr
Source:
Public Health Rep. 105(2):113-119
Description:
During 1987-89, the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), in collaboration with State and local health departments, other Federal agencies, blood collection agencies, and medical research institutions, implemented a national sentinel surveillance system...
St Louis, M E; Olivo, N; Critchley, S; Rauch, K J; White, C R; Munn, V P; Dondero, T J;
Published Date:
1990 Mar-Apr
Source:
Public Health Rep. 105(2):140-146
Description:
The U.S. sentinel hospital surveillance system for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection includes approximately 40 short-stay hospitals located in 31 metropolitan areas in the United States and Puerto Rico. Several hospitals began testing in l...
Division of Reproductive Health-Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Pontifica Universidade Católica de Campinas, Family Health International
Published Date:
June 1979
Description:
The 1978 Brazil CPS covers: fertility, contraception, abortion, pregnancy intention, sterilization, contraceptives, sterilization, and family planning.
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