While the hazards of chronic environmental pollution remain unclear, people are making decisions about their exposure to pollution and its possible effects on their health. To compare people's concerns about environmental problems, a systematic, stratified sample was surveyed. The sample was made up of residents, ages 25 through 74 years, of three areas of New York State. The three areas were western New York, with a high density of toxic dump sites; Long Island, with a major shallow ground water aquifer; and the remainder of the State, excluding New York City, as a comparison area. The sampling list was obtained from records of licensed drivers of the New York State Department of Motor Vehicles. A 66 percent response rate was obtained to the mailed survey. As expected, most concerns were greater for western New York and Long Island, the two areas with highest threat potential for exposure or contamination, than for the comparison area. The single exception was that no regional differences were noted for concerns about environmental pollution and contamination. All concerns were associated with perceived distance between one's residence and a source of potential exposure. Regardless of region, women were more concerned than men about exposures, pollution, and related health effects. No sex differences, however, were noted for economic concerns.
Sallis, J F; Hovell, M F; Hofstetter, C R; Elder, J P; Hackley, M; Caspersen, C J; Powell, K E;
Published Date:
1990 Mar-Apr
Source:
Public Health Rep. 105(2):179-185
Description:
Although personal determinants of exercise behavior have been studied extensively, few investigators have examined the influence of the physical environment on exercise habits. A random sample of 2,053 residents of San Diego, CA, were surveyed regard...
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) can be a serious aftermath of catastrophic events such as war. The incidence of PTSD appears to be high among Vietnam veterans. PTSD can be extremely disruptive to a person's physical and mental well-being, famil...
Blood donors make up the largest group in the United States that is tested for human immunodeficiency virus, type 1 (HIV) antibody. The blood donor population is ideal for detecting and quantifying uncommon or unrecognized modes of HIV transmission i...
Roffman, R A; Gillmore, M R; Gilchrist, L D; Mathias, S A; Krueger, L;
Published Date:
1990 Mar-Apr
Source:
Public Health Rep. 105(2):202-208
Description:
To assess the need for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) prevention counseling for gay and bisexual men who were continuing to engage in unsafe sex, a nonprobability telephone survey--the data may not be generalizable to the population--was c...
Petersen, L R; Calonge, N B; Chamberland, M E; Engel, R H; Herring, N C;
Published Date:
1990 Mar-Apr
Source:
Public Health Rep. 105(2):158-162
Description:
Primary care outpatients provide a good sentinel population for monitoring levels and trends of HIV infection in the United States. Because a broad cross section of the population seeks primary medical care, excess blood from specimens routinely coll...
Pappaioanou, Marguerite; George, J. Richard; Hannon, W. Harry; Gwinn, Marta; Dondero, Timothy J.; Grady, George F.; Hoff, Rodney; Willoughby, Anne D.; Wright, Audrey; Novello, Antonia C.; Curran, James W.;
Published Date:
1990 Mar-Apr
Source:
Public Health Rep. 105(2):147-152
Description:
A seroprevalence survey of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) among childbearing women is being conducted in 43 States and Territories as one of the family of HIV seroprevalence surveys. This blinded survey, in which serologic test results are not li...
Onorato, I M; McCray, E; Pappaioanou, M; Johnson, R; Aral, S; Hardy, A M; Dondero, T J;
Published Date:
1990 Mar-Apr
Source:
Public Health Rep. 105(2):119-124
Description:
The Centers for Disease Control, in cooperation with State and local health departments, is conducting human immunodeficiency virus, type 1 (HIV), seroprevalence surveys, using standard protocols, in sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinics in sele...
St Louis, M E; Olivo, N; Critchley, S; Rauch, K J; White, C R; Munn, V P; Dondero, T J;
Published Date:
1990 Mar-Apr
Source:
Public Health Rep. 105(2):140-146
Description:
The U.S. sentinel hospital surveillance system for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection includes approximately 40 short-stay hospitals located in 31 metropolitan areas in the United States and Puerto Rico. Several hospitals began testing in l...
Jones, T S; Allen, D M; Onorato, I M; Petersen, L R; Dondero, T J; Pappaioanou, M;
Published Date:
1990 Mar-Apr
Source:
Public Health Rep. 105(2):125-130
Description:
Sharing of equipment used to inject illicit drugs intravenously is a risk factor for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Systematic surveillance of HIV infection among intravenous drug users (IV...
Schalla, William O.; Hearn, Thomas L.; Taylor, Roger N.; Eavenson, Eloise; Valdiserri, Ronald O.; Essien, Joyce D. K.;
Published Date:
1990 Mar-Apr
Source:
Public Health Rep. 105(2):167-171
Description:
In 1986, the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) implemented the Model Performance Evaluation Program (MPEP) to evaluate the performance of laboratories that test for antibody directed against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). The impetus fo...
Pappaioanou, Marguerite; Dondero, Timothy J.; Petersen, Lyle R.; Onorato, Ida M.; Sanchez, Carolyn D.; Curran, James W.;
Published Date:
1990 Mar-Apr
Source:
Public Health Rep. 105(2):113-119
Description:
During 1987-89, the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), in collaboration with State and local health departments, other Federal agencies, blood collection agencies, and medical research institutions, implemented a national sentinel surveillance system...
Allen, D M; Lee, N C; Schulz, S L; Pappaioanou, M; Dondero, T J; Onorato, I M;
Published Date:
1990 Mar-Apr
Source:
Public Health Rep. 105(2):130-134
Description:
Human immunodeficiency virus, type 1 (HIV), seroprevalence studies are needed to determine the level and trends of HIV infection among women attending family planning, abortion, and prenatal care clinics in the United States. A review of published an...
An objective of the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) family of HIV seroprevalence surveys, conducted by State and local health departments, is the collection of seroprevalence data that may be useful in managing public health programs. In prevention...
Seven published and two unpublished surveys of Native American school children's use of smokeless tobacco (ST) are reviewed. The surveys represent school children in the States of South Dakota, Montana, Nebraska, Washington, Arizona, New Mexico, and ...
McCray, Eugene; Onorato, Ida M.; Miller, Bess I.; Dondero, Timothy J.; Bloch, Aalan B.;
Published Date:
1990 Mar-Apr
Source:
Public Health Rep. 105(2):135-140
Description:
Symptomatic tuberculosis (TB) can occur as an opportunistic disease in immunosuppressed persons who are infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and who have been previously infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Increases in TB cases have...
Coccidioidomycosis, a systemic fungal disease caused by Coccidioides immitis, is endemic in the southwestern United States and in parts of Mexico and Central and South America. Only sporadic cases have been reported in areas (including New York) wher...
The Anniston Community Health Survey was a community-based cross-sectional study of Anniston, Alabama, residents who live in close proximity to a former PCB production facility to identify factors associated with serum PCB levels. The survey comprise...
Serum concentrations of 35 ortho-substituted polychlorinated biphenyl congeners (PCBs) were measured in 765 adults from Anniston, Alabama, where PCBs were manufactured between 1929 and 1971. As part of the Anniston Community Health Survey (ACHS), dem...
Wang, Weiye; Schaumberg, Debra A.; Park, Sung Kyun;
Corporate Authors:
National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (U.S.)
Published Date:
Jul 19 2016
Source:
Int J Hyg Environ Health. 219(8):850-856.
Description:
Cataract is a major cause of visual dysfunction and the leading cause of blindness. Elevated levels of cadmium and lead have been found in the lenses of cataract patients, suggesting these metals may play a role in cataract risk. This study aimed to ...
File Type:
[PDF - 434.91 KB]
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