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Showing 44321 - 44340 of 82805 results
  • Alterations in Gene Expression as a Mechanism of Toxicant
    Alterations in Gene Expression as a Mechanism of Toxicant
    Andrews G ;
    Hines R
    2002/03/01 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    Over the last several years, it has become apparent that many environmental toxicants exert their effects by the activation or disruption of specific signaling pathways, ultimately resulting in alterations in gene expression. With the completion of the human genome project and the advent of many powerful new technologies, there has been a revolutio ...
    Public Domain
  • Biomarker Characterization of Asphalt Fume Exposure
    Biomarker Characterization of Asphalt Fume Exposure
    Frazer DG ;
    Goldsmith T
    2002/03/01 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    Each year more than 60 million tones of asphalt are produced and used worldwide. It has been estimated that approximately two million workers were employed and potentially exposed to asphalt. Health concern from exposure to asphalt is related to its content of hazardous chemicals, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The development of ...
    Public Domain
  • In Vitro Assessment of Oxidative Stress and Cytotoxicity in Living Dermal Equivalents Exposed to MXylene
    In Vitro Assessment of Oxidative Stress and Cytotoxicity in Living Dermal Equivalents Exposed to M-Xylene
    Coleman CA ;
    Hull BE
    2002/03/01 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    Dermal exposure to volatile organic chemicals (VOCs) can lead to irritation, inflammation, and cytotoxicity in vivo. Using an improved in vitro exposure method for VOCs, we wanted to assess oxidative stress and cytotoxicity in dermal fibroblasts exposed to m-xylene. Dermal equivalents containing 2.5x105 cells were incubated for 1 or 4 hr in a m-xyl ...
  • Potentiation of NoiseInduced Hearing Loss by Low Concentrations of Hydrogen Cyanide in Rats
    Potentiation of Noise-Induced Hearing Loss by Low Concentrations of Hydrogen Cyanide in Rats
    Chen GD ;
    Fechter LD
    2002/03/01 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    Noise-induced hearing loss is the most prevalent occupational injury in the United States despite the adoption of clear permissible exposure limits and protocols for hearing conservation. This study identifies low-level chemical asphyxiant exposure as a risk factor capable of potentiating noise-induced hearing loss. Rats were exposed to 10, 30, and ...
  • Murine Model of BCG Lung Infection Dynamics of Lymphocyte Subpopulations in Lung Interstitium and Tracheal Lymph Nodes
    Murine Model of BCG Lung Infection: Dynamics of Lymphocyte Subpopulations in Lung Interstitium and Tracheal Lymph Nodes
    Lewis, Daniel M. ;
    Saxena RK
    2002/03/01 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    C57Bl/6 female mice were infected with an intrapulmonary dose of 2.5 x 10(4) BCG (Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette-Guerin). Lymphocyte populations in lung interstitium and lung-associated tracheal lymph nodes (LN) were examined at 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 8 and 12 weeks after infection. BCG load in lungs peaked between 4-6 weeks post-infection and decli ...
    Public Domain
  • A Novel Technique to Study Percutaneous Absorption by Using a Silastic Membrane Coated Fiber
    A Novel Technique to Study Percutaneous Absorption by Using a Silastic Membrane Coated Fiber
    Baynes RE ;
    Leidy RB
    2002/03/01 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    Silastic membrane coated on a section of fused silica fiber has been used successfully as an analytical tool to extract analytes from aqueous solution. In this study, the silastic membrane coated fiber was used as a permeation membrane to study the percutaneous absorption of model pesticides. It represents a half compartment of the conventional Fra ...
  • Health Hazard Evaluation Report HETA 200105362864 CrumbRubber Modified Asphalt Paving Occupational Exposures and Acute Health Effects
    Health Hazard Evaluation Report: HETA #2001-0536-2864: Crumb-Rubber Modified Asphalt Paving: Occupational Exposures and Acute Health Effects
    Burr, Gregory A. ;
    Feng, H. Amy
    2002/03/01 | Health Hazard Evaluation Reports (HHE)
    In 1991, Congress enacted the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act (ISTEA), which required each state to use a minimum quantity of "crumb-rubber modified" (CRM) hot-mix asphalt (HMA) paving material. Because of industry and labor concerns over the lack of available information on the environmental and human health effects resulting from ...
    Public Domain
  • Transcriptomic Profiles in Rat Skin Following Dermal Exposure to Sodium Lauryl Sulfate
    Transcriptomic Profiles in Rat Skin Following Dermal Exposure to Sodium Lauryl Sulfate
    Garrett CM ;
    McDougal JN
    2002/03/01 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    Dermal irritation continues to be an important yet poorly understood occupational health issue. Irritant contact dermatitis (ICD), the most common occupational skin disease, costs government and industry millions of dollars each year. Gene array technology can serve as a tool for assessing chemical irritancy potential. To determine the transcriptio ...
  • Farmer Fatally Injured by Rotary Mower When Tractor Seat Falls Off
    Farmer Fatally Injured by Rotary Mower When Tractor Seat Falls Off
    Johnson, Wayne ;
    Rautiainen, Risto
    2002/03/01 | Fatality Assessment and Control Evaluation Reports (FACE)
    A 56-year-old grain farmer was killed when the seat of his tractor fell off while driving through a washout area in a cornfield. The man was driving a 1950's model two-cylinder tricycle-type tractor, pulling a rear-mounted rotary mower. His other tractor was in the shop, so he was using this older tractor. He had recently rented the field and was w ...
  • Determination of Unique Microbial Volatile Organic Compounds Produced by Five Aspergillus Species Commonly Found in Problem Buildings
    Determination of Unique Microbial Volatile Organic Compounds Produced by Five Aspergillus Species Commonly Found in Problem Buildings
    Chen BT ;
    Gao, Peng-Fei
    2002/03/01 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    This study identified unique microbial volatile organic compounds (UMVOCs) produced by five Aspergillus species (A. fumigatus, A. versicolor, A. sydowi, A. flavus, and A. niger) cultivated on malt extract agar and gypsum board. The hypothesis was that UMVOCs can be used to predict the presence of Aspergillus species. During the cultivation humidifi ...
    Public Domain
  • Metabolic and Respiratory Responses During the Performance of a OneHour Man Test 4
    Metabolic and Respiratory Responses During the Performance of a One-Hour Man Test 4
    Eschenbacher, William L. ;
    Sinkule E
    2002/03/01 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    Human physiological variables, such as body weight, height, strength, and aerobic capacity, can affect the results of such exercise tests as that used for Man Test 4 (MT4), a NIOSH respirator certification test described in 42 C.F.R. Part 84 (1999). The purposes of this research were to characterize the metabolic responses of men with varying body ...
    Public Domain
  • Improving Respiratory Protection Through International Partnerships by Increasing Knowledge Enhancing Education and Developing Technologies
    Improving Respiratory Protection Through International Partnerships by Increasing Knowledge, Enhancing Education and Developing Technologies
    Metzler, Richard W.
    2002/03/01 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    Every generation is presented with national or international challenges of monumental importance to society such as the events of war, social revolution, economic turmoil, civil rights upheaval and technological change, to name but a few. Events of such magnitude and the ways in which they are addressed change the world and present major social and ...
    Public Domain
  • Reactive Nitrogen and Human Health Acute and LongTerm Implications
    Reactive Nitrogen and Human Health: Acute and Long-Term Implications
    Patz JA ;
    Wolfe AH
    2002/03/01 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    Reactive-nitrogen (Nr) has a wide variety of beneficial and detrimental effects on human health. The most important of the beneficial effects are increasing global and regional food supplies and increased nutritional quality of available foods. However, lack of adequate dietary intake of amino acids and proteins is a serious cause of malnutrition w ...
  • Development of a Simulation Model for a Ventilation System for a Swine Building
    Development of a Simulation Model for a Ventilation System for a Swine Building
    O'Shaughnessy PT ;
    Smith TF
    2002/03/01 | Grant Final Reports
    The objective of this study was to develop a simulation model of a ventilation system in a modern swine building used for farrowing pigs. The building was divided into two zones: the room where the pigs reside and the pit that stores the waste. In addition to a space heater and lamps, two fans located in the side wall of the room and one fan locate ...
  • Analysis of quartz by FTIR in air samples of construction dust
    Analysis of quartz by FT-IR in air samples of construction dust
    Bello D ;
    Kalil AJ
    2002/03/01 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    The construction industry is reported to have some of the highest exposures to silica-containing dust. With the designation of crystalline silica as a group 1 human carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), there exists a need for an analytical method to accurately quantify low levels of quartz. A method is described tha ...
  • Prediction of Molecular Mechanism of Skin Irritation After Acute Exposure to Sodium Lauryl Sulfate
    Prediction of Molecular Mechanism of Skin Irritation After Acute Exposure to Sodium Lauryl Sulfate
    Brinkley WW ;
    Garrett CM
    2002/03/01 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    Sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) is an anionic surfactant, causing irritant contact dermatitis. Skin irritation by this detergent is not well understood due to the complex molecular interactions. Knowledge of molecular mechanisms and the relationship between duration of surfactant exposures on the skin and the degree of irritation is limited. Here we me ...
  • Cis418F FluoroLProline PET Imaging of Pulmonary Fibrosis in a Rabbit Model
    Cis-4-[18F] Fluoro-L-Proline PET Imaging of Pulmonary Fibrosis in a Rabbit Model
    Battelli LA ;
    Bishop HA
    2002/03/01 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    A fluorinated analog of proline amino acid, cis-4-[18F]fluoro-L-proline (FP), was tested for potential use in PET for detection and evaluation of pulmonary response to respirable crystalline silica. The purpose of the study was to determine whether PET imaging with FP is sensitive for detection of pulmonary fibrosis. Experimental silicosis was prod ...
    Public Domain
  • VanadiumInduced Pulmonary Inflammation and Apoptosis in Mice
    Vanadium-Induced Pulmonary Inflammation and Apoptosis in Mice
    Castranova, Vincent ;
    Huang C
    2002/03/01 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    Pulmonary exposure to vanadium and vanadium-containing compounds is associated with acute pulmonary inflammation, characterized by a rapid influx of polymorphonuclear neutrophils with a peak response at 6 h and resolution by 3 d. Sodium metavanadate [V (V)] can induce cell apoptosis in vitro, but little is known about relationship of V (V) and lung ...
    Public Domain
  • Effectiveness of Local Exhaust for Reducing Welding Fume Exposure During Boiler Rehabilitation
    Effectiveness of Local Exhaust for Reducing Welding Fume Exposure During Boiler Rehabilitation
    Fischbach, Thomas J. ;
    Wallace M
    2002/03/01 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    Fume exposures during stainless steel welding (using different rod types and rod diameters) and the effect of local exhaust ventilation during outdoor welding operations were evaluated with the assistance of a trade union. The union offered to participate in a simulation study, providing welders, welding equipment, and consumables at their training ...
    Public Domain
  • Respirable Concrete Dust Silicosis Hazard in the Construction Industry
    Respirable Concrete Dust – Silicosis Hazard in the Construction Industry
    Linch KD
    2002/03/01 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    Concrete is an extremely important part of the infrastructure of modern life and must be replaced as it ages. Many of the methods of removing, repairing, or altering existing concrete structures have the potential for producing vast quantities of respirable dust. Since crystalline silica in the form of quartz is a major component of concrete, airbo ...
    Public Domain
44321 - 44340 / 82805