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Emerging Infectious Diseases
Emerging Infectious Diseases (EID) is a peer-reviewed, monthly journal published by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). It offers the latest scientific information on emerging infectious diseases and trends. Emerging Infectious Diseases is freely available to the public as Diamond Open Access. For more on EID, visit https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid.
In the event of a bioterror attack, rapidly estimating the size and time of attack enables short-run forecasts of the number of persons who will be symptomatic and require medical care. We present a Bayesian approach to this problem for use in real time and illustrate it with data from a simulated anthrax attack. The method is simple enough to be i
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We determined the susceptibilities of 265 invasive isolates of pneumococci obtained during 1995 to 2001 in Hong Kong to 11 antimicrobial agents and their serotypes. Overall, 62.6% isolates were susceptible to penicillin, 20% were intermediately resistant, and 17.4% were resistant. The overall prevalence of levofloxacin resistance (MIC > or = 8 micr
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Supporting FilesPublic Domain
Ho, P. L., Que, T. L., Chiu, S. S., Yung, R. W. H., Ng, T. K., Tsang, D. N., Seto, W. H., & Lau, Y. L. (2004). Fluoroquinolone and Other Antimicrobial Resistance in Invasive Pneumococci, Hong Kong, 1995–2001. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/14453
Ho, Pak-Leung, Tak-Lun Que, Susan S. Chiu, Raymond W. H. Yung, Tak-Keung Ng, Dominic N.C. Tsang, Wing-Hong Seto, and Yu-Lung Lau. Fluoroquinolone and Other Antimicrobial Resistance in Invasive Pneumococci, Hong Kong, 1995–2001. 2004. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/14453.
Ho, Pak-Leung, et al. Fluoroquinolone and Other Antimicrobial Resistance in Invasive Pneumococci, Hong Kong, 1995–2001. 2004, Stacks. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/14453.
We describe a method for comparing the ability of different alert threshold algorithms to detect malaria epidemics and use it with a dataset consisting of weekly malaria cases collected from health facilities in 10 districts of Ethiopia from 1990 to 2000. Four types of alert threshold algorithms are compared: weekly percentile, weekly mean with sta
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Supporting FilesPublic Domain
Teklehaimanot, H. D., Schwartz, J., Teklehaimanot, A., & Lipsitch, M. (2004). Alert Threshold Algorithms and Malaria Epidemic Detection. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/14490
Teklehaimanot, Hailay Desta, Joel Schwartz, Awash Teklehaimanot, and Marc Lipsitch. Alert Threshold Algorithms and Malaria Epidemic Detection. 2004. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/14490.
The purpose of these experiments was to test the equivalence of pulmonary artery, urinary bladder, tympanic, rectal and femoral artery methods of temperature measurement in healthy and critically ill swine under clinical intensive care unit (ICU) conditions using a prospective, time series design. First, sensors were tested for error and sensitivit
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Supporting FilesPublic Domain
Dowell, S. F., Whitney, C. G., Wright, C., Rose, C. E., & Schuchat, A. (2004). Seasonal Patterns of Invasive Pneumococcal Disease. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/14116
Dowell, Scott F., Cynthia G. Whitney, Carolyn Wright, Charles E. Rose, and Anne Schuchat. Seasonal Patterns of Invasive Pneumococcal Disease. 2004. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/14116.
Chronic wasting disease (CWD) of deer and elk is endemic in a tri-corner area of Colorado, Wyoming, and Nebraska, and new foci of CWD have been detected in other parts of the United States. Although detection in some areas may be related to increased surveillance, introduction of CWD due to translocation or natural migration of animals may account
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Supporting FilesPublic Domain
Belay, E. D., Maddox, R. A., Williams, E. S., Miller, M. W., Gambetti, P., & Schonberger, L. B. (2004). Chronic Wasting Disease and Potential Transmission to Humans. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/7780
Belay, Ermias D., Ryan A. Maddox, Elizabeth S. Williams, Michael W. Miller, Pierluigi Gambetti, and Lawrence B. Schonberger. Chronic Wasting Disease and Potential Transmission to Humans. 2004. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/7780.
Several countries still permit strains of Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis, a leading cause of gastrointestinal illness in humans, to be used in rat baits. To assess the human health risk associated with such rat bait, we first reviewed historic data on health hazards associated with Ratin, a rodenticide that was used in Europe until the ea
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Supporting FilesPublic Domain
Painter, J. A., Mølbak, K., Sonne-Hansen, J., Barrett, T., Wells, J. G., & Tauxe, R. V. (2004). Salmonella-based Rodenticides and Public Health. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/7756
Painter, John A., Kåre Mølbak, Jacob Sonne-Hansen, Tim Barrett, Joy G. Wells, and Robert V. Tauxe. Salmonella-based Rodenticides and Public Health. 2004. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/7756.
Vora, Setu K., and Robert W. Lyons The Medical Kipling—Syphilis, Tabes Dorsalis, and Romberg's Test. 2004, Stacks. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/15587.
We evaluated the presence of various Beta-lactamase genes within the bacteriophages in sewage. Results showed the occurrence of phage particles carrying sequences of bla(OXA-2), bla(PSE-1) or bla(PSE-4) and bla(PSE)-type genes. Phages may contribute to the spread of some Beta-lactamase genes.
Supporting FilesPublic Domain
Muniesa, M., García, A., Miró, E., Mirelis, B., Prats, G., Jofre, J., & Navarro, F. (2004). Bacteriophages and Diffusion of β-lactamase Genes. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/14401
Muniesa, Maite, Aurora García, Elisenda Miró, Beatriz Mirelis, Guillem Prats, Juan Jofre, and Ferran Navarro. Bacteriophages and Diffusion of β-lactamase Genes. 2004. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/14401.
Pournaras, S., Ikonomidis, A., Sofianou, D., Tsakris, A., & Maniatis, A. N. (2004). CTX-M–Type β-Lactamases Affect Community Escherichia coli Treatment, Greece. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/14557
Pournaras, Spyros, Alexandros Ikonomidis, Danai Sofianou, Athanassios Tsakris, and Antonios N. Maniatis. CTX-M–Type β-Lactamases Affect Community Escherichia coli Treatment, Greece. 2004. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/14557.
Pournaras, Spyros, et al. CTX-M–Type β-Lactamases Affect Community Escherichia coli Treatment, Greece. 2004, Stacks. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/14557.
Koh, T. H., Wang, G. C. Y., Sng, L. H., Yi, Z., & Koh, T. Y. (2004). CTX-M and Plasmid-mediated AmpC-Producing Enterobacteriaceae, Singapore. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/14492
Roberts, D., Curtis, C., Tren, R., Sharp, B., Shiff, C., & Bate, R. (2004). Malaria Control and Public Health. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/14503
Roberts, Donald, Christopher Curtis, Richard Tren, Brian Sharp, Clive Shiff, and Roger Bate. Malaria Control and Public Health. 2004. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/14503.
Risk factors for sporadic cryptosporidiosis were determined in 152 patients and 466 unmatched controls who resided in two local government districts in North Cumbria, North West England, from March 1, 1996, to February 29, 2000. Risk was associated with the usual daily volume of cold unboiled tap water drunk (odds ratio [OR] 1.40, 95% confidence in
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Supporting FilesPublic Domain
Goh, S., Reacher, M., Casemore, D. P., Verlander, N. Q., Chalmers, R., Knowles, M., Williams, J., Osborn, K., & Richards, S. (2004). Sporadic Cryptosporidiosis, North Cumbria, England, 1996–2000. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/14342
Goh, Stella, Mark Reacher, David P. Casemore, Neville Q. Verlander, Rachel Chalmers, Margaret Knowles, Joy Williams, Keith Osborn, and Sarah Richards. Sporadic Cryptosporidiosis, North Cumbria, England, 1996–2000. 2004. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/14342.
An epidemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) began in Foshan municipality, Guangdong Province, China, in November 2002. We studied SARS case reports through April 30, 2003, including data from case investigations and a case series analysis of index cases. A total of 1,454 clinically confirmed cases (and 55 deaths) occurred; the epidemic
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Supporting FilesPublic Domain
Xu, R. H., He, J. F., Evans, M. R., Peng, G. W., Field, H. E., Yu, D. W., Lee, C. K., Luo, H. M., Lin, W. S., Lin, P., Li, L. H., Liang, W. J., Lin, J. Y., & Schnur, A. (2004). Epidemiologic Clues to SARS Origin in China. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/14518
Xu, Rui-Heng, Jian-Feng He, Meirion R. Evans, Guo-Wen Peng, Hume E Field, De-Wen Yu, and Chin-Kei Lee, et al.. Epidemiologic Clues to SARS Origin in China. 2004. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/14518.
We provide a method for constructing a county-level West Nile virus risk map to serve as an early warning system for human cases. We also demonstrate that mosquito surveillance is a more accurate predictor of human risk than monitoring dead and infected wild birds.
Brownstein, John S., Theodore R. Holford, and Durland Fish. Enhancing West Nile Virus Surveillance, United States. 2004. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/14394.
We analyzed 64 human metapneumovirus strains from eight countries. Phylogenetic analysis identified two groups (A and B, amino acid identity 93%-96%) and four subgroups. Although group A strains predominated, accounting for 69% of all strains, as many B as A strains were found in persons >3 years of age.
Supporting FilesPublic Domain
Boivin, G., Mackay, I., Sloots, T. P., Madhi, S., Freymuth, F., Wolf, D., Shemer-Avni, Y., Ludewick, H., Gray, G. C., & LeBlanc, �. (2004). Global Genetic Diversity of Human Metapneumovirus Fusion Gene. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/14572
Boivin, Guy, Ian Mackay, Theo P. Sloots, Shabir Madhi, François Freymuth, Dana Wolf, Yonat Shemer-Avni, Herbert Ludewick, Gregory C. Gray, and Éric LeBlanc. Global Genetic Diversity of Human Metapneumovirus Fusion Gene. 2004. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/14572.
Mycobacterium ulcerans gives rise to severe skin ulceration that can be associated with considerable illness. The cost of diagnosis, treatment, and lost income has never been assessed in Australia. A survey of 26 confirmed cases of the disease in Victoria was undertaken. Data were collected on demographic details, diagnostic tests, treatment, time
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In May 2003, the World Health Organization received reports about a possible outbreak of a hemorrhagic disease of unknown cause in the Imatong Mountains of southern Sudan. Laboratory investigations were conducted on 28 serum samples collected from patients in the Imatong region. Serum samples from 13 patients were positive for immunoglobulin M anti
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Supporting FilesPublic Domain
Onyango, C. O., Ofula, V. O., Sang, R. C., Konongoi, S. L., Sow, A., De Cock, K. M., Tukei, P. M., Okoth, F. A., Swanepoel, R., Burt, F. J., Waters, N. C., & Coldren, R. L. (2004). Yellow Fever Outbreak, Imatong, Southern Sudan. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1006.030738
Onyango, Clayton O., Victor O. Ofula, Rosemary C. Sang, Samson L. Konongoi, Abdourahmane Sow, Kevin M. De Cock, and Peter M. Tukei, et al.. Yellow Fever Outbreak, Imatong, Southern Sudan. 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1006.030738.
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