U.S. flag An official website of the United States government.
Official websites use .gov

A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS

A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

CDC Public Access

CDC Stacks Public Health Publications

Items in this collection are manuscripts and articles written by CDC or CDC-funded authors, and published in scholarly journals outside CDC. These items are available in compliance with the 2024 update of CDC-GA-2013-01 CDC Public Access to CDC-Funded Publications, available at: https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/159734.

(1)
(3)
(50)
(1127)
(1298)
(1475)
(1640)
(1724)
(2087)
(2470)
(2384)
(2565)
(2656)
(2463)
(2147)
(1508)
(783)
(243)
(186)
(133)
(121)
(115)
(87)
(45)
(52)
(57)
(54)
(20)
(14)
(19)
(17)
(10)
(15)
(8)
(7)
(4)
(5)
(5)
(7)
(2)
(1)
(2)
(2)
(5)
(5)
(3)
(7)
(2)
(1)
(4)
(3)
(11)
(5)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(4)
(2)
(1)
(4)
(64)
(56)
(37)
(23)
(12)
(4)
0 of 68
(1)
(26890)
(5)
(2921)
0 of 4
(4)
(67)
(6)
(11)
(7)
(1)
(30)
(70)
(22)
(65)
(1)
(6)
(15)
(6)
(1)
(7)
(19)
(7)
(1)
(27)
(22)
(1)
(40)
(1)
(11)
(2)
(11)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(29)
(1)
(15)
(68)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(4)
(1)
(2)
(12)
(1)
(12)
(26)
(48)
(1)
(2)
(17)
(237)
(16)
(18)
(39)
(1)
(2)
(10)
(1)
(4)
(22)
(4)
(1)
(1)
(20)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(4)
(165)
(13)
(51)
(1)
(6)
(2)
(18)
(3)
(12)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(19)
(10)
(1)
(1)
(30)
(3)
(8)
(4)
(15)
(1)
(4)
(7)
(1)
(4)
(56)
(37)
(2)
(1)
(4)
(8)
(59)
(5)
(3)
(6)
(147)
(11)
(4)
(29)
(1)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(3)
(33)
(12)
(1)
(3)
(52)
(8)
(1)
(4)
(7)
(1)
(5)
(1)
(28)
(67)
(16)
(16)
(38)
(2)
(4)
(7)
(4)
(3)
(12)
(7)
(1)
(9)
(4)
(19)
(419)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(4)
(14)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(3)
(11)
(2)
(1)
(24)
(15)
(12)
(6)
(1)
(66)
(3)
(15)
(1)
(58)
(82)
(3)
(2)
(48)
(1)
(76)
(9)
(3)
(2)
(20)
(46)
(17)
(19)
(3)
(9)
(3)
(58)
(6)
(1)
(19)
(20)
(20)
(3)
(1)
(11)
(1)
(5)
(31)
(8)
(1)
(6)
(1)
(136)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(101)
(1)
(10)
(4)
(5)
(56)
(36)
(1)
(120)
(1)
(1)
(10)
(9)
(124)
(21)
(1)
(35)
(65)
(56)
(196)
(85)
(149)
(46)
(41)
(26)
(62)
(48)
(1)
(10)
(16)
(4)
(5)
(1)
(101)
(31)
(17)
(11)
(2)
(3)
(75)
(1)
(3)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(15)
(1)
(10)
(2)
(12)
(19)
(12)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(6)
(1)
(15)
(1)
(1)
(27)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(11)
(179)
(1)
(18)
(35)
(1)
(20)
(1)
(7)
(6)
(3)
(1)
(3)
(4)
(1)
(6)
(7)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(24)
(3)
(89)
(23)
(119)
(97)
(2)
(5)
(4)
(1)
(1)
(101)
(6)
(1)
(11)
(1)
(2888)
(1)
(7)
(1)
(23)
(4)
(5)
(31)
(23)
(2)
(80)
(1)
(2)
(115)
(18)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(46)
(4)
(31)
0 of 325
(27)
(3)
0 of 2
(38)
(40)
(39)
(70)
(95)
(112)
(131)
(59)
(60)
(95)
(58)
(39)
(37)
(46)
(4700)
(201)
(45)
(7014)
(51)
(56)
(40)
(89)
(145)
(44)
(3033)
(1066)
(190)
(646)
(40)
(62)
(113)
(36)
(189)
(42)
(35)
(188)
(265)
(117)
(133)
(50)
(168)
(216)
(66)
(51)
(41)
(72)
(91)
(102)
(35)
(40)
(228)
(73)
(52)
(45)
(2434)
(37)
(52)
(37)
(45)
(370)
(327)
(55)
(170)
(68)
(43)
(83)
(292)
(38)
(37)
(61)
(78)
(118)
(39)
(55)
(97)
(125)
(191)
(93)
(59)
(36)
(45)
(52)
(7393)
(53)
(113)
(238)
(44)
(36)
(55)
(40)
(134)
(77)
(119)
(38)
(76)
(35)
(67)
(73)
(47)
(90)
(47)
(36)
(100)
(132)
(182)
(36)
(35)
(58)
(39)
(73)
(43)
(347)
(88)
(74)
(39)
(74)
(50)
(521)
(95)
(54)
(75)
(92)
(38)
(36)
(346)
(100)
(38)
(35)
(156)
(65)
(44)
(78)
(112)
(330)
(59)
(80)
(48)
(43)
(49)
(105)
(164)
(70)
(40)
(72)
(73)
(215)
(94)
(41)
(57)
(665)
(42)
(37)
(86)
(174)
(133)
(62)
(151)
(69)
(62)
(125)
(54)
(245)
(42)
(41)
(3100)
(2115)
(88)
(36)
(60)
(36)
(45)
(60)
(51)
(55)
(112)
(43)
(40)
(101)
(76)
(158)
(39)
(40)
(48)
(103)
(38)
(51)
(53)
(36)
(58)
(50)
(47)
(79)
(38)
(54)
(180)
(43)
(57)
(82)
(783)
(105)
(43)
(39)
(165)
(36)
(89)
(131)
(126)
(160)
(45)
(88)
(49)
(35)
(88)
(67)
(222)
(58)
(137)
(120)
(84)
(106)
(71)
(82)
(62)
(106)
(51)
(126)
(84)
(253)
(146)
(77)
(137)
(431)
(81)
(41)
(125)
(1560)
(206)
(35)
(51)
(53)
(45)
(103)
(52)
(250)
(261)
(54)
(108)
(36)
(266)
(145)
(91)
(43)
(196)
(36)
(123)
(66)
(37)
(218)
(118)
(194)
(63)
(128)
(203)
(78)
(37)
(87)
(92)
(69)
(111)
(48)
(221)
(41)
(669)
(91)
(35)
(36)
(88)
(42)
(38)
(55)
(93)
(68)
(44)
(35)
(44)
(114)
(90)
(37)
(40)
(64)
(58)
(46)
(138)
(72)
(39)
(114)
(70)
(75)
(69)
(46)
(45)
(244)
(265)
(49)
(50)
(37)
(39)
(136)
(134)
(78)
(37)
(42)
(62)
(56)
(259)
(125)
(41)
(135)
(51)
(51)
(81)
(567)
(88)
(447)
(183)
(58)
(108)
(106)
(206)
(51)
(49)
(164)
(133)
(67)
(60)
(99)
(64)
(38)
(68)
(35)
(37)
(349)
(92)
(62)
(79)
(271)
(102)
(179)
(59)
(93)
(57)
(104)
(179)
(93)
(10414)
(41)
(62)
(54)
(69)
(86)
(43)
(54)
(37)
(60)
(168)
(79)
(422)
(39)
(92)
(62)
(35)
(43)
(39)
(68)
(36)
(74)
(36)
(73)
(44)
(134)
(52)
(52)
(73)
(91)
(168)
(58)
(175)
(49)
(80)
(86)
(106)
(368)
(67)
(130)
(60)
(72)
(256)
(37)
(176)
(126)
(69)
(39)
(87)
(295)
(153)
(177)
(174)
(134)
(50)
(95)
(110)
(564)
(369)
(55)
(211)
(431)
(59)
(52)
(318)
(87)
(74)
(204)
(207)
(44)
(399)
(54)
(103)
(41)
(38)
(39)
(37)
(45)
(42)
(49)
(99)
(88)
(100)
(39)
(36)
(58)
(52)
(137)
(53)
(53)
(70)
(456)
(67)
(90)
(287)
(190)
(1673)
(79)
(40)
(57)
(367)
(495)
(53)
(189)
(55)
(84)
(118)
(18089)
(45)
(176)
(35)
(47)
(117)
(240)
(96)
(66)
(107)
(50)
(959)
(119)
(86)
(81)
(2009)
(40)
(1272)
(45)
(49)
(115)
(172)
(124)
(69)
(57)
(732)
(115)
(218)
(84)
(53)
(38)
(52)
(380)
(64)
(221)
(42)
(57)
(146)
(80)
(37)
(163)
(85)
(40)
(49)
(38)
(58)
(83)
(43)
(129)
(102)
(265)
(102)
(48)
(45)
(60)
(63)
(90)
(39)
(46)
(135)
(36)
(43)
(56)
(46)
(72)
(72)
(70)
(95)
(95)
(182)
(38)
(49)
(47)
(39)
(41)
(43)
(606)
(36)
(460)
(279)
(102)
(124)
(49)
(61)
(49)
(50)
(68)
(274)
(101)
(8896)
(37)
(45)
(64)
(547)
(76)
(71)
(155)
(35)
(84)
(45)
(154)
(53)
(46)
(164)
(142)
(60)
(39)
(38)
(40)
(122)
(190)
(77)
(39)
(57)
(38)
(49)
(43)
(584)
(92)
(161)
(45)
(73)
(158)
(39)
(35)
(45)
(5065)
(50)
(122)
(85)
(40)
(136)
(73)
(197)
(194)
(53)
(67)
(194)
(37)
(71)
(133)
(102)
(50)
(185)
(70)
(87)
(48)
(49)
(54)
(266)
(45)
(60)
(173)
(105)
(35)
(87)
(77)
(48)
(47)
(43)
(79)
(83)
(36)
(70)
(430)
(100)
(51)
(46)
(41)
(69)
(50)
(69)
(85)
(40)
(35)
(45)
(42)
(138)
(41)
(49)
(100)
(65)
(41)
(63)
(56)
(70)
(49)
(419)
(37)
(338)
(51)
(397)
(969)
(811)
(157)
(111)
(366)
(50)
(36)
(164)
(37)
(35)
(43)
(77)
(38)
(69)
(83)
(83)
(37)
(88)
(77)
(39)
(101)
(35)
(58)
(41)
(322)
(54)
(165)
(134)
(64)
(49)
(213)
(148)
(236)
(294)
(93)
(44)
(106)
(37)
(44)
(45)
(73)
(64)
(79)
(64)
(74)
(114)
(37)
(53)
(127)
(55)
(322)
(35)
(50)
(75)
(221)
(96)
(72)
(87)
(108)
(48)
(38)
(42)
(82)
(69)
(155)
(92)
(51)
(79)
(52)
(43)
(179)
(47)
(179)
(779)
(68)
(240)
(38)
(202)
(193)
(123)
(42)
(129)
(1624)
(68)
(38)
(127)
(276)
(134)
(63)
(102)
(125)
(153)
(43)
(1624)
(45)
(89)
(165)
(36)
(39)
(37)
(35)
(185)
(107)
(318)
(57)
(206)
(642)
(91)
(40)
(57)
(38)
(40)
(38)
(55)
(660)
(69)
(79)
(74)
(159)
(37)
(41)
(70)
(36)
(236)
(63)
(38)
(66)
(98)
(72)
(243)
(149)
(40)
(74)
(38)
(201)
(93)
(194)
(109)
(41)
(43)
(140)
(41)
(46)
(53)
(68)
(106)
(55)
(486)
(207)
(375)
(61)
(44)
(615)
(453)
(150)
(332)
(45)
(91)
(55)
(129)
(159)
(145)
(47)
(1011)
(103)
(115)
(211)
(329)
(646)
(2122)
(36)
(73)
(62)
(37)
(209)
(43)
(36)
(116)
(155)
(124)
(44)
(40)
(354)
(36)
(579)
(76)
(45)
(39)
(40)
(220)
(80)
(316)
(288)
(90)
(37)
(45)
(49)
(307)
(333)
(128)
(43)
(103)
(39)
(183)
(140)
(63)
(65)
(56)
(201)
(42)
(152)
(389)
(88)
(238)
(472)
(35)
(276)
(254)
(108)
(67)
(89)
(54)
(110)
(63)
(345)
(105)
(35)
(48)
(107)
(59)
(56)
(39)
(60)
(161)
(602)
(83)
(39)
(42)
(77)
(69)
(59)
(48)
(43)
(57)
(61)
(42)
(53)
(75)
(36)
(166)
(88)
(73)
(242)
(226)
(109)
(59)
(111)
(37)
(36)
(109)
(49)
(1202)
(132)
(105)
(110)
(90)
(122)
(43)
(140)
(69)
(38)
(77)
(37)
(52)
(41)
(42)
(691)
(102)
(82)
(36)
(54)
(81)
(46)
(72)
(138)
(415)
(255)
(56)
(65)
(36)
(41)
(2742)
(51)
(78)
(244)
(40)
(169)
(788)
(75)
(139)
(92)
(52)
(47)
(44)
(42)
(72)
(42)
(56)
(47)
(242)
(230)
(64)
(41)
(58)
(47)
(50)
(88)
(45)
(51)
(74)
(93)
(85)
(43)
(38)
(59)
(62)
(46)
(50)
(47)
(48)
(50)
(68)
(300)
(44)
(72)
(66)
(62)
(40)
(317)
(69)
(65)
(37)
(137)
(4061)
(83)
(99)
(137)
0 of 1000
(17)
(17)
(17)
(29)
(24)
(22)
(17)
(26)
(20)
(18)
(20)
(20)
(17)
(18)
(33)
(81)
(28)
(23)
(32)
(22)
(19)
(26)
(17)
(17)
(19)
(29)
(21)
(22)
(59)
(41)
(28)
(27)
(31)
(47)
(19)
(36)
(22)
(57)
(23)
(19)
(56)
(32)
(43)
(24)
(41)
(21)
(31)
(26)
(59)
(44)
(17)
(47)
(33)
(22)
(29)
(23)
(20)
(17)
(33)
(17)
(23)
(40)
(29)
(20)
(24)
(19)
(30)
(26)
(25)
(26)
(20)
(37)
(22)
(17)
(26)
(22)
(42)
(66)
(26)
(20)
(17)
(25)
(27)
(27)
(63)
(45)
(20)
(25)
(34)
(31)
(24)
(20)
(24)
(72)
(17)
(22)
(30)
(47)
(24)
(24)
(18)
(48)
(50)
(21)
(30)
(22)
(25)
(39)
(29)
(27)
(20)
(48)
(24)
(31)
(25)
(17)
(31)
(18)
(176)
(26)
(40)
(23)
(51)
(21)
(35)
(44)
(29)
(20)
(46)
(23)
(57)
(20)
(19)
(46)
(18)
(27)
(18)
(20)
(22)
(20)
(24)
(20)
(31)
(29)
(40)
(19)
(44)
(19)
(18)
(25)
(18)
(32)
(49)
(66)
(22)
(24)
(26)
(40)
(18)
(18)
(35)
(24)
(18)
(18)
(23)
(31)
(21)
(29)
(23)
(22)
(50)
(24)
(32)
(64)
(18)
(60)
(19)
(94)
(48)
(34)
(34)
(19)
(22)
(20)
(41)
(28)
(37)
(28)
(20)
(20)
(29)
(30)
(30)
(20)
(23)
(18)
(22)
(24)
(29)
(25)
(24)
(39)
(27)
(27)
(24)
(35)
(28)
(23)
(34)
(21)
(30)
(18)
(18)
(24)
(22)
(23)
(18)
(22)
(23)
(19)
(29)
(36)
(29)
(20)
(19)
(22)
(23)
(19)
(30)
(27)
(30)
(48)
(63)
(72)
(28)
(23)
(30)
(49)
(22)
(18)
(31)
(21)
(24)
(28)
(21)
(31)
(24)
(33)
(33)
(51)
(19)
(20)
(57)
(57)
(42)
(23)
(23)
(30)
(28)
(38)
(18)
(35)
(47)
(20)
(34)
(30)
(19)
(54)
(29)
(29)
(38)
(60)
(41)
(19)
(29)
(19)
(21)
(19)
(33)
(19)
(24)
(19)
(26)
(21)
(43)
(82)
(37)
(23)
(23)
(29)
(42)
(24)
(20)
(26)
(19)
(27)
(21)
(27)
(23)
(38)
(29)
(54)
(23)
(18)
(20)
(115)
(24)
(30)
(20)
(27)
(29)
(104)
(20)
(29)
(24)
(19)
(19)
(49)
(32)
(37)
(21)
(22)
(27)
(25)
(53)
(22)
(20)
(20)
(32)
(19)
(20)
(24)
(21)
(24)
(19)
(23)
(42)
(39)
(31)
(23)
(45)
(32)
(30)
(25)
(19)
(21)
(27)
(33)
(23)
(36)
(22)
(19)
(18)
(18)
(22)
(19)
(43)
(19)
(25)
(18)
(18)
(28)
(22)
(23)
(26)
(24)
(21)
(45)
(35)
(67)
(24)
(26)
(18)
(20)
(24)
(18)
(18)
(19)
(18)
(23)
(18)
(25)
(18)
(32)
(32)
(21)
(22)
(86)
(25)
(23)
(20)
(29)
(41)
(37)
(27)
(18)
(30)
(30)
(132)
(19)
(22)
(21)
(27)
(20)
(50)
(18)
(46)
(37)
(36)
(33)
(26)
(20)
(22)
(50)
(27)
(24)
(21)
(19)
(37)
(21)
(19)
(21)
(51)
(22)
(59)
(21)
(35)
(19)
(18)
(20)
(25)
(38)
(18)
(26)
(23)
(26)
(66)
(24)
(41)
(18)
(21)
(28)
(60)
(21)
(56)
(48)
(22)
(67)
(21)
(64)
(24)
(30)
(31)
(47)
(27)
(22)
(23)
(32)
(59)
(19)
(18)
(22)
(39)
(22)
(20)
(36)
(21)
(38)
(21)
(18)
(29)
(38)
(22)
(27)
(32)
(19)
(30)
(20)
(61)
(27)
(31)
(19)
(26)
(20)
(18)
(28)
(33)
(24)
(18)
(29)
(21)
(26)
(21)
(28)
(18)
(27)
(32)
(21)
(27)
(25)
(18)
(30)
(24)
(22)
(31)
(28)
(19)
(23)
(25)
(27)
(49)
(27)
(24)
(28)
(54)
(38)
(29)
(28)
(26)
(35)
(20)
(18)
(46)
(21)
(26)
(34)
(19)
(42)
(20)
(25)
(21)
(23)
(40)
(43)
(61)
(19)
(20)
(24)
(24)
(61)
(27)
(24)
(27)
(25)
(18)
(21)
(26)
(23)
(65)
(21)
(28)
(21)
(18)
(19)
(34)
(18)
(23)
(52)
(37)
(21)
(18)
(40)
(18)
(36)
(19)
(29)
(33)
(19)
(22)
(20)
(36)
(18)
(31)
(34)
(19)
(34)
(33)
(22)
(20)
(27)
(24)
(23)
(19)
(26)
(32)
(21)
(34)
(21)
(21)
(34)
(18)
(18)
(20)
(25)
(19)
(19)
(40)
(30)
(26)
(24)
(39)
(41)
(29)
(21)
(19)
(31)
(20)
(19)
(45)
(22)
(20)
(25)
(51)
(32)
(28)
(25)
(28)
(18)
(20)
(61)
(22)
(74)
(21)
(21)
(22)
(28)
(32)
(18)
(46)
(37)
(21)
(30)
(23)
(39)
(32)
(20)
(34)
(20)
(20)
(27)
(23)
(43)
(19)
(19)
(25)
(23)
(34)
(20)
(31)
(29)
(26)
(24)
(50)
(21)
(22)
(44)
(113)
(23)
(18)
(21)
(54)
(35)
(20)
(18)
(32)
(19)
(19)
(26)
(18)
(30)
(20)
(18)
(40)
(64)
(30)
(33)
(32)
(22)
(43)
(32)
(35)
(42)
(24)
(18)
(44)
(24)
(49)
(23)
(26)
(25)
(48)
(27)
(24)
(22)
(19)
(34)
(19)
(18)
(20)
(23)
(27)
(22)
(30)
(45)
(28)
(43)
(66)
(28)
(24)
(19)
(22)
(27)
(30)
(18)
(19)
(25)
(23)
(63)
(29)
(30)
(31)
(23)
(20)
(23)
(28)
(21)
(25)
(19)
(30)
(20)
(19)
(29)
(30)
(109)
(36)
(28)
(42)
(24)
(25)
(21)
(18)
(18)
(24)
(23)
(20)
(23)
(41)
(19)
(29)
(19)
(40)
(22)
(25)
(19)
(96)
(19)
(56)
(38)
(21)
(18)
(48)
(58)
(24)
(28)
(19)
(18)
(27)
(34)
(38)
(22)
(25)
(19)
(28)
(26)
(18)
(18)
(19)
(34)
(27)
(19)
(30)
(22)
(79)
(22)
(24)
(18)
(18)
(28)
(29)
(18)
(22)
(33)
(19)
(23)
(21)
(25)
(25)
(47)
(41)
(25)
(58)
(21)
(24)
(44)
(38)
(52)
(44)
(30)
(24)
(28)
(58)
(23)
(30)
(37)
(27)
(23)
(46)
(18)
(47)
(34)
(25)
(22)
(31)
(18)
(24)
(20)
(23)
(21)
(22)
(27)
(29)
(18)
(88)
(18)
(72)
(41)
(25)
(18)
(21)
(18)
(19)
(30)
(21)
(21)
(49)
(30)
(32)
(29)
(46)
(18)
(24)
(58)
(35)
(30)
(28)
(32)
(23)
(21)
(61)
(20)
(22)
(20)
(20)
(37)
(22)
(51)
(19)
(18)
(70)
(59)
(20)
(18)
(18)
(24)
(27)
(29)
(26)
(18)
(23)
(21)
(18)
(29)
(22)
(29)
(54)
(68)
(29)
(23)
(31)
(26)
(40)
(21)
(18)
(18)
(44)
(22)
(22)
(49)
(36)
(30)
(18)
(22)
(39)
(26)
(19)
(54)
(34)
(39)
(38)
(29)
(21)
(38)
(21)
(43)
(23)
(22)
(20)
(26)
(32)
(33)
(26)
(19)
(22)
(20)
(24)
(22)
(21)
(37)
(32)
(20)
(19)
(21)
(41)
(41)
(34)
(56)
(22)
(27)
(26)
(20)
(30)
(29)
(22)
(34)
(34)
(27)
(26)
(22)
(20)
(22)
(19)
(29)
(35)
(26)
(34)
(18)
(25)
(24)
(35)
(39)
(24)
(23)
(24)
(22)
(39)
(26)
(21)
(23)
(18)
(54)
(39)
(25)
(20)
(19)
(22)
(21)
(21)
(19)
(18)
(18)
(20)
(19)
(36)
(55)
(27)
(19)
(36)
(29)
(44)
(21)
(26)
(24)
(29)
(21)
(19)
(19)
(22)
(39)
(62)
(35)
0 of 1000
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(6)
(1)
(29)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(17)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(4)
(3)
(1)
(4)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(2)
(7)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(4)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(205)
(1)
(25)
(6)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(4)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(5)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(4)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(4)
(6)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(6)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(15)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(5)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(5)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(5)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(5)
(5)
(2)
(6)
(1)
(3)
(4)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(4)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(4)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(4)
(7)
(7)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(3)
(6)
(88)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(20)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(4)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(5)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(5)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(4)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(5)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(9)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(5)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(6)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(29)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(4)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(4)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
0 of 753
(24)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(35)
(1)
(44)
(2)
(1)
(18)
(1)
(2902)
(18)
(2)
(6)
(3)
(2)
(1)
(3)
(1)
(3)
(8)
(1)
(24)
(3)
(2)
(1)
(4)
0 of 28
(10)
(20)
(13)
(9)
(11)
(8)
(8)
(11)
(17)
(20)
(11)
(458)
(28)
(22)
(9)
(62)
(42)
(618)
(17)
(9)
(19)
(10)
(8)
(12)
(17)
(41)
(30)
(13)
(281)
(98)
(22)
(70)
(12)
(23)
(15)
(26)
(12)
(18)
(16)
(15)
(23)
(13)
(12)
(15)
(8)
(8)
(9)
(26)
(17)
(17)
(17)
(9)
(9)
(74)
(74)
(18)
(9)
(15)
(15)
(12)
(9)
(31)
(15)
(8)
(148)
(40)
(38)
(27)
(11)
(11)
(15)
(16)
(31)
(10)
(15)
(21)
(75)
(13)
(14)
(12)
(13)
(12)
(10)
(21)
(9)
(9)
(41)
(38)
(9)
(17)
(14)
(11)
(19)
(12)
(12)
(13)
(9)
(17)
(29)
(9)
(19)
(8)
(54)
(18)
(9)
(18)
(10)
(52)
(10)
(10)
(52)
(8)
(27)
(21)
(16)
(51)
(14)
(16)
(14)
(14)
(8)
(10)
(10)
(9)
(11)
(32)
(31)
(30)
(23)
(29)
(18)
(16)
(17)
(16)
(152)
(9)
(36)
(53)
(18)
(9)
(8)
(11)
(14)
(8)
(10)
(9)
(23)
(41)
(10)
(13)
(48)
(20)
(18)
(17)
(66)
(13)
(8)
(298)
(13)
(165)
(14)
(8)
(12)
(17)
(93)
(37)
(18)
(13)
(9)
(11)
(150)
(24)
(21)
(8)
(10)
(9)
(12)
(9)
(12)
(12)
(8)
(10)
(9)
(64)
(8)
(10)
(9)
(18)
(11)
(13)
(11)
(10)
(14)
(14)
(10)
(12)
(12)
(9)
(27)
(11)
(8)
(20)
(11)
(10)
(13)
(11)
(10)
(20)
(15)
(8)
(21)
(31)
(14)
(21)
(11)
(15)
(11)
(10)
(169)
(12)
(9)
(19)
(153)
(35)
(9)
(15)
(15)
(11)
(12)
(31)
(19)
(9)
(51)
(40)
(9)
(13)
(8)
(41)
(18)
(21)
(20)
(21)
(10)
(18)
(14)
(34)
(27)
(18)
(15)
(13)
(13)
(8)
(10)
(9)
(9)
(38)
(14)
(9)
(8)
(42)
(22)
(9)
(21)
(8)
(11)
(13)
(11)
(8)
(24)
(16)
(27)
(8)
(8)
(10)
(8)
(21)
(14)
(15)
(9)
(17)
(10)
(10)
(18)
(8)
(9)
(30)
(19)
(12)
(14)
(12)
(44)
(10)
(12)
(10)
(33)
(28)
(13)
(15)
(199)
(84)
(18)
(11)
(13)
(10)
(21)
(10)
(47)
(14)
(30)
(20)
(13)
(28)
(35)
(26)
(25)
(13)
(19)
(11)
(8)
(11)
(11)
(9)
(11)
(19)
(9)
(14)
(13)
(1004)
(9)
(11)
(15)
(11)
(9)
(18)
(10)
(21)
(17)
(36)
(8)
(9)
(9)
(10)
(12)
(9)
(10)
(9)
(11)
(13)
(10)
(28)
(24)
(18)
(10)
(26)
(8)
(8)
(32)
(16)
(11)
(13)
(14)
(11)
(15)
(12)
(9)
(15)
(8)
(42)
(13)
(14)
(10)
(18)
(17)
(13)
(11)
(43)
(21)
(17)
(25)
(14)
(10)
(9)
(11)
(9)
(8)
(47)
(41)
(9)
(29)
(14)
(57)
(26)
(8)
(35)
(13)
(13)
(23)
(25)
(9)
(54)
(9)
(10)
(10)
(10)
(9)
(10)
(14)
(12)
(8)
(25)
(24)
(8)
(8)
(75)
(9)
(16)
(8)
(46)
(11)
(345)
(27)
(46)
(10)
(8)
(194)
(48)
(12)
(28)
(9)
(39)
(49)
(25)
(26)
(8)
(150)
(15)
(14)
(13)
(9)
(9)
(12)
(88)
(8)
(1886)
(50)
(42)
(11)
(39)
(25)
(23)
(8)
(13)
(11)
(14)
(13)
(107)
(37)
(10)
(15)
(12)
(184)
(12)
(133)
(9)
(9)
(8)
(18)
(15)
(25)
(34)
(23)
(49)
(33)
(41)
(9)
(10)
(11)
(8)
(23)
(9)
(21)
(9)
(25)
(18)
(14)
(8)
(11)
(9)
(14)
(9)
(10)
(14)
(10)
(10)
(28)
(12)
(17)
(17)
(14)
(11)
(10)
(22)
(28)
(37)
(10)
(9)
(8)
(15)
(14)
(9)
(8)
(11)
(17)
(11)
(8)
(55)
(9)
(50)
(18)
(9)
(11)
(10)
(9)
(29)
(12)
(13)
(14)
(12)
(9)
(17)
(811)
(9)
(8)
(9)
(8)
(13)
(13)
(44)
(12)
(11)
(10)
(23)
(19)
(10)
(65)
(31)
(16)
(8)
(18)
(57)
(25)
(22)
(35)
(14)
(13)
(9)
(12)
(17)
(13)
(142)
(10)
(37)
(14)
(17)
(428)
(9)
(11)
(13)
(9)
(9)
(12)
(12)
(13)
(172)
(77)
(22)
(11)
(10)
(14)
(27)
(19)
(9)
(9)
(11)
(22)
(9)
(136)
(8)
(8)
(8)
(8)
(10)
(14)
(64)
(13)
(11)
(9)
(11)
(26)
(64)
(9)
(11)
(15)
(20)
(11)
(11)
(40)
(13)
(13)
(52)
(82)
(57)
(21)
(18)
(8)
(41)
(91)
(28)
(8)
(44)
(40)
(8)
(11)
(9)
(13)
(15)
(40)
(16)
(9)
(9)
(15)
(13)
(23)
(20)
(17)
(17)
(9)
(9)
(28)
(9)
(11)
(12)
(10)
(18)
(9)
(20)
(10)
(10)
(20)
(19)
(16)
(11)
(16)
(19)
(11)
(17)
(26)
(16)
(28)
(11)
(11)
(31)
(10)
(20)
(14)
(10)
(9)
(13)
(10)
(16)
(11)
(11)
(14)
(69)
(21)
(11)
(9)
(18)
(15)
(9)
(16)
(11)
(8)
(31)
(27)
(24)
(8)
(22)
(20)
(8)
(8)
(9)
(9)
(10)
(70)
(13)
(8)
(9)
(13)
(34)
(22)
(30)
(17)
(15)
(13)
(17)
(245)
(107)
(21)
(26)
(11)
(15)
(11)
(16)
(10)
(20)
(27)
(9)
(16)
(12)
(186)
(57)
(72)
(36)
(8)
(13)
(19)
(26)
(13)
(19)
(18)
(26)
(14)
(8)
(14)
(52)
(16)
(9)
(15)
(8)
(96)
(96)
(24)
(15)
(12)
(9)
(17)
(17)
(17)
(24)
(23)
(10)
(21)
(11)
(8)
(23)
(16)
(19)
(16)
(32)
(9)
(8)
(10)
(16)
(9)
(9)
(37)
(11)
(13)
(9)
(38)
(11)
(8)
(8)
(14)
(12)
(23)
(10)
(16)
(11)
(11)
(9)
(105)
(11)
(25)
(9)
(27)
(58)
(14)
(234)
(60)
(23)
(10)
(23)
(19)
(10)
(12)
(9)
(9)
(22)
(11)
(18)
(8)
(26)
(23)
(8)
(150)
(14)
(48)
(9)
(9)
(36)
(11)
(31)
(24)
(20)
(14)
(25)
(16)
(13)
(8)
(9)
(9)
(8)
(9)
(9)
(26)
(46)
(10)
(30)
(54)
(9)
(28)
(24)
(8)
(27)
(16)
(13)
(9)
(9)
(15)
(15)
(8)
(8)
(54)
(19)
(15)
(32)
(19)
(17)
(9)
(14)
(10)
(16)
(11)
(67)
(10)
(37)
(8)
(14)
(8)
(12)
(9)
(9)
(8)
(9)
(10)
(11)
(21)
(18)
(8)
(18)
(18)
(22)
(22)
(11)
(32)
(11)
(26)
(22)
(30)
(19)
(8)
(141)
(66)
(24)
(16)
(136)
(26)
(8)
(10)
(15)
(23)
(10)
(20)
(15)
(18)
(17)
(9)
(15)
(15)
(16)
(10)
(14)
(9)
(11)
(12)
(13)
(17)
(55)
(17)
(17)
(9)
(9)
(75)
(9)
(12)
(11)
(11)
(11)
(9)
(18)
(12)
(10)
(20)
(14)
(19)
(143)
(37)
(40)
(32)
(12)
(60)
(52)
(16)
(9)
(13)
(10)
(20)
(683)
(9)
(14)
(11)
(15)
(123)
(36)
(12)
(12)
(33)
(24)
(13)
(36)
(20)
(26)
(23)
(10)
(14)
(11)
(54)
(23)
(10)
(9)
(20)
(18)
(11)
(9)
(10)
(9)
(10)
(10)
(12)
(10)
(9)
(11)
(27)
(77)
(78)
(24)
(12)
(10)
(9)
(10)
(9)
(16)
(48)
(13)
(14)
(13)
(12)
(9)
(359)
(9)
(45)
(27)
(9)
(9)
(17)
(10)
(12)
(11)
0 of 1000
Showing 26701 - 26720 of 27883 results
  • Geographic disparities in colorectal cancer survival
    Geographic disparities in colorectal cancer survival
    Henry, Kevin A ;
    Niu, Xiaoling
    Jul 23 2009 | Int J Health Geogr. 2009; 8:48.
    BackgroundExamining geographic variation in cancer patient survival can help identify important prognostic factors that are linked by geography and generate hypotheses about the underlying causes of survival disparities. In this study, we apply a recently developed spatial scan statistic method, designed for time-to-event data, to determine whether ...
    Supporting Files
  • Intimate partner violence perpetration standard and gendered STIHIV risk behaviour and STIHIV diagnosis among a clinicbased sample of men
    Intimate partner violence perpetration, standard and gendered STI/HIV risk behaviour, and STI/HIV diagnosis among a clinic-based sample of men
    Decker, M R ;
    Seage, G R
    Jul 21 2009 | Sex Transm Infect. 2009; 85(7):555-560.
    Background:The estimated one in three women worldwide victimised by intimate partner violence (IPV) consistently demonstrate elevated STI/HIV prevalence, with their abusive male partners’ risky sexual behaviours and subsequent infection increasingly implicated. To date, little empirical data exist to characterise the nature of men’s sexual risk as ...
    Supporting Files
  • Use of medications by people with chronic fatigue syndrome and healthy persons a populationbased study of fatiguing illness in Georgia
    Use of medications by people with chronic fatigue syndrome and healthy persons: a population-based study of fatiguing illness in Georgia
    Boneva, Roumiana S ;
    Lin, Jin-Mann S
    Jul 20 2009 | Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2009; 7:67.
    BackgroundChronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is a debilitating condition of unknown etiology and no definitive pharmacotherapy. Patients are usually prescribed symptomatic treatment or self-medicate. We evaluated prescription and non-prescription drug use among persons with CFS in Georgia and compared it to that in non-fatigued Well controls and also t ...
    Supporting Files Public Domain
  • Evaluation of sliding baseline methods for spatial estimation for cluster detection in the biosurveillance system
    Evaluation of sliding baseline methods for spatial estimation for cluster detection in the biosurveillance system
    Xing, Jian ;
    Burkom, Howard
    Jul 17 2009 | Int J Health Geogr. 2009; 8:45.
    BackgroundThe Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC's) BioSense system provides near-real time situational awareness for public health monitoring through analysis of electronic health data. Determination of anomalous spatial and temporal disease clusters is a crucial part of the daily disease monitoring task. Our study focused on findin ...
    Supporting Files Public Domain
  • Global Discovery of Adaptive Mutations
    Global Discovery of Adaptive Mutations
    Goodarzi, Hani ;
    Hottes, Alison K.
    Jul 13 2009 | Nat Methods. 6(8):581-583.
    Although modern DNA sequencing enables rapid identification of genetic variation, characterizing the phenotypic consequences of individual mutations remains a labor-intensive task. Here we describe array-based discovery of adaptive mutations (ADAM), a technology that searches an entire bacterial genome for mutations that contribute to selectable ph ...
    Supporting Files
  • Change in the Distribution of Albuminuria According to Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate in Pima Indians With Type 2 Diabetes
    Change in the Distribution of Albuminuria According to Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate in Pima Indians With Type 2 Diabetes
    Pavkov, Meda E. ;
    Mason, Clinton C.
    Jul 10 2009 | Diabetes Care. 32(10):1845-1850.
    OBJECTIVEWe examined secular trends in the frequency distribution of albuminuria and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in subjects with type 2 diabetes in 1982–1988 and 2001–2006, two periods associated with major changes in the management of diabetes.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSThe cross-sectional study included Pima Indians ≥15 years old ...
    Supporting Files Public Domain
  • Preservation of Cell Function in AutoantibodyPositive Youth With Diabetes
    Preservation of β-Cell Function in Autoantibody-Positive Youth With Diabetes
    Greenbaum, Carla J. ;
    Anderson, Andrea M.
    Jul 08 2009 | Diabetes Care. 32(10):1839-1844.
    OBJECTIVETo determine the extent of β-cell function in youth with diabetes and GAD65 and/or IA2 autoantibodies.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSFasting C-peptide levels from 2,789 GAD65- and/or IA2 autoantibody-positive youth aged 1–23 years from the SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth study were used. Preserved β-cell function was defined on the basis of cut p ...
    Supporting Files
  • Impact of housing on the survival of persons with AIDS
    Impact of housing on the survival of persons with AIDS
    Schwarcz, Sandra K ;
    Hsu, Ling C
    Jul 07 2009 | BMC Public Health. 2009; 9:220.
    BackgroundHomeless persons with HIV/AIDS have greater morbidity and mortality, more hospitalizations, less use of antiretroviral therapy, and worse medication adherence than HIV-infected persons who are stably housed. We examined the effect of homelessness on the mortality of persons with AIDS and measured the effect of supportive housing on AIDS s ...
    Supporting Files
  • Genomic Analysis of the Basal Lineage Fungus Rhizopus oryzae Reveals a WholeGenome Duplication
    Genomic Analysis of the Basal Lineage Fungus Rhizopus oryzae Reveals a Whole-Genome Duplication
    Ma, Li-Jun ;
    Ibrahim, Ashraf S.
    Jul 03 2009 | PLoS Genet. 5(7).
    Rhizopus oryzae is the primary cause of mucormycosis, an emerging, life-threatening infection characterized by rapid angioinvasive growth with an overall mortality rate that exceeds 50%. As a representative of the paraphyletic basal group of the fungal kingdom called "zygomycetes," R. oryzae is also used as a model to study fungal evolution. Here w ...
    Supporting Files
  • Tobacco Smoke Exposure and Levels of Urinary Metals in the US Youth and Adult Population The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey NHANES 19992004
    Tobacco Smoke Exposure and Levels of Urinary Metals in the U.S. Youth and Adult Population: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999–2004
    Richter, Patricia A. ;
    Bishop, Ellen E.
    July 02 2009 | Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2009; 6(7):1930-1946
    We assessed 12 urine metals in tobacco smoke-exposed and not exposed National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey participants. Our analysis included age, race/ethnicity, and poverty status. Gender and racial/ethnic differences in cadmium and lead and creatinine-adjusted and unadjusted data for group comparisons are presented. Smokers' had high ...
    Supporting Files Public Domain
  • National pandemic influenza preparedness planning
    National pandemic influenza preparedness planning
    Azziz‐Baumgartner, Eduardo ;
    Smith, Nicole
    Jul 2009 | Influenza Other Respir Viruses. 3(4):189-196.
    The recent outbreaks of influenza A/H5N1 and 'swine influenza' A/H1N1 have caused global concern over the potential for a new influenza pandemic. Although it is impossible to predict when the next pandemic will occur, appropriate planning is still needed to maximize efficient use of resources and to minimize loss of life and productivity. Many tool ...
    Supporting Files Public Domain
  • CFD modeling of spontaneous heating in a largescale coal chamber
    CFD modeling of spontaneous heating in a large-scale coal chamber
    Yuan, Liming ;
    Smith, Alex C.
    07/01/2009
    Three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling is conducted to simulate spontaneous heating in a large-scale coal chamber with a forced ventilation system. Spontaneous heating is modeled as the low-temperature oxidation of coal using kinetic data obtained from previous laboratory-scale spontaneous heating studies. Heat generated from ...
    Public Domain
  • Firearm Injuries Presenting to a Tertiary Care Hospital of Karachi Pakistan
    Firearm Injuries Presenting to a Tertiary Care Hospital of Karachi, Pakistan
    Nasrullah, Muazzam. ;
    Razzak, Junaid A.
    Jul 2009 | J Inj Violence Res. 2009 ; 1(1):27-31.
    Background:Violence is a public health problem in low and middle income countries. Our study attempted to define the circumstances, risk groups, extent and severity of firearm-related injuries in patients coming to the Aga Khan University Hospital (AKUH) Karachi, Pakistan.Methods:This was a retrospective study conducted in the department of Emergen ...
    Supporting Files Public Domain
  • Can We Hedge against the Development of Antiviral Resistance among Pandemic Influenza Viruses
    Can We “Hedge” against the Development of Antiviral Resistance among Pandemic Influenza Viruses?
    Shay, David K. ;
    Ridenhour, Benjamin J.
    Jun 30 2009 | PLoS Med. 6(6).
    No Description
    Supporting Files Public Domain
  • Response of tibialis anterior tendon to a chronic exposure of stretchshortening cycles age effects
    Response of tibialis anterior tendon to a chronic exposure of stretch-shortening cycles: age effects
    Ensey, James S ;
    Hollander, Melinda S
    Jun 29 2009 | Biomed Eng Online. 2009; 8:12.
    BackgroundThe purpose of the current study was to investigate the effects of aging on tendon response to repetitive exposures of stretch-shortening cycles (SSC's).MethodsThe left hind limb from young (3 mo, N = 4) and old (30 mo, N = 9) male Fisher 344 × Brown Norway rats were exposed to 80 maximal SSCs (60 deg/s, 50 deg range of motion) 3x/week fo ...
    Supporting Files Public Domain
  • What Additional Factors Beyond StateoftheArt Analytical Methods Are Needed for Optimal Generation and Interpretation of Biomonitoring Data
    What Additional Factors Beyond State-of-the-Art Analytical Methods Are Needed for Optimal Generation and Interpretation of Biomonitoring Data?
    Calafat, Antonia M. ;
    Needham, Larry L.
    Jun 24 2009 | Environ Health Perspect. 117(10):1481-1485.
    BackgroundThe routine use of biomonitoring (i.e., measurement of environmental chemicals, their metabolites, or specific reaction products in human biological specimens) to assess internal exposure (i.e., body burden) has gained importance in exposure assessment.ObjectivesSelection and validation of biomarkers of exposure are critical factors in in ...
    Supporting Files Public Domain
  • A case for using grid architecture for state public health informatics the Utah perspective
    A case for using grid architecture for state public health informatics: the Utah perspective
    Staes, Catherine J ;
    Xu, Wu
    Jun 22 2009 | BMC Med Inform Decis Mak. 2009; 9:32.
    This paper presents the rationale for designing and implementing the next-generation of public health information systems using grid computing concepts and tools. Our attempt is to evaluate all grid types including data grids for sharing information and computational grids for accessing computational resources on demand. Public health is a broad do ...
    Supporting Files
  • Determination of quantitative and sitespecific DNA methylation of perforin by pyrosequencing
    Determination of quantitative and site-specific DNA methylation of perforin by pyrosequencing
    Narasimhan, Supraja ;
    Falkenberg, Virginia R
    Jun 12 2009 | BMC Res Notes. 2009; 2:104.
    BackgroundDifferential expression of perforin (PRF1), a gene with a pivotal role in immune surveillance, can be attributed to differential methylation of CpG sites in its promoter region. A reproducible method for quantitative and CpG site-specific determination of perforin methylation is required for molecular epidemiologic studies of chronic dise ...
    Supporting Files Public Domain
  • Asian Americans Diabetes Prevalence Across US and World Health Organization Weight Classifications
    Asian Americans: Diabetes Prevalence Across U.S. and World Health Organization Weight Classifications
    Oza-Frank, Reena ;
    Ali, Mohammed K.
    Jun 09 2009 | Diabetes Care. 32(9):1644-1646.
    OBJECTIVETo compare diabetes prevalence among Asian Americans by World Health Organization and U.S. BMI classifications.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSData on Asian American adults (n = 7,414) from the National Health Interview Survey for 1997–2005 were analyzed. Diabetes prevalence was estimated across weight and ethnic group strata.RESULTSRegardless ...
    Supporting Files
  • Serum Cholinesterase Inhibition in Relation to Paraoxonase1 PON1 Status among OrganophosphateExposed Agricultural Pesticide Handlers
    Serum Cholinesterase Inhibition in Relation to Paraoxonase-1 (PON1) Status among Organophosphate-Exposed Agricultural Pesticide Handlers
    Hofmann, Jonathan N. ;
    Keifer, Matthew C.
    Jun 09 2009 | Environ Health Perspect. 2009; 117(9):1402-1408.
    BackgroundAnimal studies have demonstrated that low paraoxonase-1 (PON1) status (i.e., low catalytic efficiency and/or low plasma PON1 activity) is associated with neurotoxic effects after exposure to several organophosphate (OP) insecticides. However, few human studies have investigated associations between PON1 status and intermediate end points, ...
    Supporting Files
26701 - 26720 / 27883