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Showing 47101 - 47120 of 82803 results
  • Lung Surfactant Decreases IL1 and TNFA Production at the PostTranscriptional Level in LPSStimulated Alveolar Macrophages
    Lung Surfactant Decreases IL-1 and TNF-A Production at the Post-Transcriptional Level in LPS-Stimulated Alveolar Macrophages
    Bowman L ;
    Meighan T
    2000/03/01 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    We have shown previously that lung surfactant inhibits nitric oxide production at the post-transcriptional level in lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-stimulated rat alveolar macrophages (Miles et al., Am.J.Physiol. 276:Ll86, 1999). In this study, we examined the effect of lung surfactant (200 microg phospholipid/ml), isolated from rat lung lavage, on the pro ...
    Public Domain
  • Developmental Toxicity of Aminopterin in Drosophila
    Developmental Toxicity of Aminopterin in Drosophila
    Lynch DW
    2000/03/01 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    To further characterize the Drosophila-based prescreen to detect developmental toxicants, aminopterin (4-aminofolic acid [APN]; CAS No. 54-62-6), was studied. APN, a documented developmental toxicant and teratogen, was formerly used clinically as an antineoplastic agent. APN inhibits dihydrofolate reductase preventing the formation of folinic acid ...
    Public Domain
  • Computer Users Postures and Associations with Workstation Characteristics
    Computer Users’ Postures and Associations with Workstation Characteristics
    Bauer E ;
    Cohen S
    2000/03/01 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    This investigation tested the hypotheses that (1) physical workstation dimensions are important determinants of operator posture, (2) specific workstation characteristics systematically affect worker posture, and (3) computer operators assume "neutral" upper limb postures while keying. Operator head, neck, and upper extremity posture and selected w ...
  • Antioxidant Properties of Epicatechin3Gallate and Its Inhibition of CrVIInduced DNA Damage and CrIV or TPAStimulated NFkB Activation
    Antioxidant Properties of (-)-Epicatechin-3-Gallate and Its Inhibition of Cr(VI)-Induced DNA Damage and Cr(IV)- or TPA-Stimulated NF-kB Activation
    Castranova, Vincent ;
    Ding M
    2000/03/01 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    Electron spin resonance (ESR) spin trapping was utilized to investigate the scavenging effects on hydroxyl radicals (OH) and superoxide radicals (O2-) by (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), one of the major anticancer compounds in tea. The spin trap used was 5,5-dimethyl-pyrroline N-oxide (DMPO). The Fenton reaction (Fe2+ + H2O2-->Fe3+ + OH + OH ...
    Public Domain
  • Indepth survey report field evaluation of Champion engineering controls designed to reduce occupational exposures during asphalt paving operations Manufacturer Champion Road Machinery Inc Paving contractor Rea Construction Paving location Ridgeland South Carolina
    In-depth survey report: field evaluation of Champion engineering controls designed to reduce occupational exposures during asphalt paving operations; Manufacturer: Champion Road Machinery, Inc.; Paving contractor: Rea Construction; Paving location: Ridgeland, South Carolina.
    Mead, Kenneth R. ;
    Mickelsen RL
    2000/03/01 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    On December 9-14, 1996, researchers from the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) evaluated a first-generation engineering control designed to capture and remove fugitive asphalt emissions during asphalt paving. The asphalt paving engineering control study consisted of two major phases. During the primary phase, NIOSH resea ...
  • Carcinogen Macromolecular Adducts and Their Measurement
    Carcinogen Macromolecular Adducts and Their Measurement
    Poirier MC ;
    Santella RM
    2000/03/01 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    Damage to DNA induced by carcinogenic chemicals reflects exposure and is directly related to tumor formation, whereas modification of protein provides relatively precise dosimetry for stable adducts of proteins with a known half-life. Sophisticated methods for the detection and quantitation of DNA and protein adducts have been developed during the ...
    Public Domain
  • The Cutaneous Immune Response Becomes Insensitive to Oxazolong Stimulation Following Chronic Application of 01 and 05 Oxazolone
    The Cutaneous Immune Response Becomes Insensitive to Oxazolong Stimulation Following Chronic Application of 0.1% and 0.5% Oxazolone
    Abrigo B ;
    Tinkle SS
    2000/03/01 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    Many studies have documented that, in cutaneous hypersensitivity (CHS), 0.5% - 3% oxazolone (OXA) induces keratinocyte hyperplasia, cell infiltration into the dermis, Th1/Th2 cytokines and lymph node cell proliferation. To evaluate these parameters in a chronic, low dose exposure paradigm, B6,129 mice were sensitized and challenged with 0.5%, 0.1 % ...
    Public Domain
  • Comparison of Respiratory Symptoms Among Community Residents Near Waste Disposal Incinerators
    Comparison of Respiratory Symptoms Among Community Residents Near Waste Disposal Incinerators
    Degnan D ;
    Feigley CE
    2000/03/01 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    A previous survey found that residents near a hazardous waste incinerator reported more respiratory symptoms than residents of a nearby community. To explore the possibility that these findings might have been due to the use of a rural control site, far removed from urban pollution, we expanded the analysis to include reports of respiratory symptom ...
  • Immunotoxicology Regulatory and Risk Assessment Concepts
    Immunotoxicology – Regulatory and Risk Assessment Concepts
    Blank JA ;
    Langone JJ
    2000/03/01 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    This article provides a review of presentations given at the symposium on Immunotoxicology: Regulatory and Risk Assessment Concepts held at the American College of Toxicology meeting in Orlando, Florida, in November, 1998, Immune system alterations have typically been assessed by histopathology of select lymphoid tissue, clinical pathology, clinica ...
    Public Domain
  • Proficiency Analytical Testing PAT Program November 1999
    Proficiency Analytical Testing (PAT) Program (November 1999)
    Feng, H. Amy ;
    Schlecht, Paul C.
    2000/03/01 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    A total of 1141 labs were enrolled in the PAT Program with 1025 labs submitting results on Round 139. Of the 1141 labs submitting results, 966 used the Internet data entry system. Table I lists the reference values, performance limits, and participants for each sample type in the PAT Program. Table II presents the summary of the PAT proficiency rat ...
    Public Domain
  • Industrial Noise and Conservation of Hearing
    Industrial Noise and Conservation of Hearing
    Byrne, David C. ;
    Michael K
    2000/03/01 | Mining Publications
    Exposure to industrial noise and the resulting effect of occupational hearing loss is a common problem across nearly all industries. High noise levels also cause interference with verbal communication and warning signals, which can have a significant impact on safety and work performance. Finally, noise can be considered as a source of stress for w ...
    Public Domain
  • Assessment of DNA Damage in Workers Exposed to Roofing Asphalt
    Assessment of DNA Damage in Workers Exposed to Roofing Asphalt
    DeBord, D. Gayle ;
    Hayden, Charles S. II
    2000/03/01 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    To determine the potential for increased genetic damage due to asphalt-fume exposure, the single cell gel electrophoresis (comet) assay was used to measure DNA strand breaks in peripheral blood leukocytes at the start and end of a work week that involved exposure to asphalt fume, and in some cases coal-tar pitch. The study population consisted of 2 ...
    Public Domain
  • PressureTunable DualColumn Ensembles for HighSpeed GC and GCMS
    Pressure-Tunable Dual-Column Ensembles for High-Speed GC and GC/MS
    Coutant C ;
    Grall A
    2000/03/01 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    A series-coupled ensemble of two capillary GC columns of different selectivity with an adjustable pressure at the column junction point is used to obtain tunable selectivity for high-speed GC and GC/TOFMS. An electronic pressure controller with a 0.1-psi step size is used to obtain numerous computer-selected unique selectivities. System configurati ...
  • Microarray Analysis of Gene Expression Patterns Induced by Irritant and Sensitizing Chemicals
    Microarray Analysis of Gene Expression Patterns Induced by Irritant and Sensitizing Chemicals
    He B ;
    Meade BJ
    2000/03/01 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    Chemical-induced dermatitis continues to be an important occupational health problem. Despite decades of investigation, the molecular mechanisms underlying chemical induced hypersensitivity and irritation remain unclear due to the complicated interplay between properties of different chemicals and the immune system. In this study gene expression pa ...
    Public Domain
  • Insights on Technology Transfer from the Bureau of Mines
    Insights on Technology Transfer from the Bureau of Mines
    Kissell, Fred N.
    2000/03/01 | Mining Publications
    The U.S. Bureau of Mines was established in 1910 to reduce the high accident rate in the nation's coal mines. For 85 years, it conducted a wide variety of tasks related to mining before it was abolished in 1995. The BOM had many technology transfer successes in its lifetime, including more than a dozen"R&D100" awards. This essay identifies and disc ...
    Public Domain
  • Male Infertility and Environmental Exposure to Lead and Cadmium
    Male Infertility and Environmental Exposure to Lead and Cadmium
    Benoff S ;
    Hurley IR
    2000/03/01 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    Humans are exposed occupationally and environmentally to metal aerosols including lead (Pb2+) and cadmium (Cd2+). These toxicants accumulate in male reproductive organs. Epidemiological studies have been equivocal about effects of Pb2+ and Cd2+ on hormone concentrations, male fertility and sperm parameters. Comparison of Pb2+ and Cd2+ concentration ...
  • Health Hazard Evaluation Report HETA 9903482786 Fremont Beef Company Fremont Nebraska
    Health Hazard Evaluation Report: HETA 99-0348-2786: Fremont Beef Company, Fremont, Nebraska
    Gwin, Kristin K. ;
    Hall, Ronald M.
    2000/03/01 | Health Hazard Evaluation Reports (HHE)
    On September 23, 1999, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) received a request for a Health Hazard Evaluation (HHE) at the Fremont Beef Company in Fremont, Nebraska. The request, from management officials at the plant, concerned worker exposures to ozone during research and development (R&D) procedures for a new sanitat ...
    Public Domain
  • Update on FaceVentilation Research for Improved LongwallDust Control
    Update on Face-Ventilation Research for Improved Longwall-Dust Control
    Colinet, Jay F. ;
    Jankowski, Robert A.
    2000/03/01 | Mining Publications
    Although the number of operating longwall mining systems has remained relatively constant, longwall pro- duction levels during the last five years have increased significantly. In the United States, longwall mining now accounts for approximately 50% of all underground coal production. While longwalls are highly productive and offer other advantages ...
    Public Domain
  • Differential Ability of Transitional Metals to Induce Pulmonary Inflammation
    Differential Ability of Transitional Metals to Induce Pulmonary Inflammation
    Antonini JM ;
    Clarke RW
    2000/03/01 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    Transition metals are components of airborne particles and have been implicated in adverse health effects. Relative toxicity and inflammatory potential of these metals are usually inferred from separate studies since little directly comparable data are available. The objective of this study was to compare the pulmonary effects of intratracheally-in ...
    Public Domain
  • Tomographic Reconstruction of Tracer Gas Concentration Profiles in a Room with the Use of a Single OPFTIR and Two Iterative Algorithms ART and PWLS
    Tomographic Reconstruction of Tracer Gas Concentration Profiles in a Room with the Use of a Single OP-FTIR and Two Iterative Algorithms: ART and PWLS
    Fessler JA ;
    Levine SP
    2000/03/01 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    Computed tomographic (CT) reconstructions of air contaminant concentration fields were conducted in a room-sized chamber employing a single open-path Fourier transform infrared (OP-FTIR) instrument and a combination of 52 flat mirrors and 4 retroreflectors. A total of 56 beam path data were repeatedly collected for around 1 hr while maintaining a s ...
47101 - 47120 / 82803