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Emerging Infectious Diseases
Emerging Infectious Diseases (EID) is a peer-reviewed, monthly journal published by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). It offers the latest scientific information on emerging infectious diseases and trends. Emerging Infectious Diseases is freely available to the public as Diamond Open Access. For more on EID, visit https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid.
Plasmodium vivax is endemic to many areas of Afghanistan. Geographic analysis helped highlight areas of malaria risk and clarified ecologic risk factors for transmission. Remote sensing enabled development of a risk map, thereby providing a valuable tool to help guide malaria control strategies.
Supporting FilesPublic Domain
Brooker, S., Leslie, T., Kolaczinski, K., Mohsen, E., Mehboob, N., Saleheen, S., Khudonazarov, J., Freeman, T., Clements, A., Rowland, M., & Kolaczinski, J. (2006). Spatial Epidemiology of Plasmodium vivax, Afghanistan. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/16210
Brooker, Simon, Toby Leslie, Kate Kolaczinski, Engineer Mohsen, Najeebullah Mehboob, Sarah Saleheen, and Juma Khudonazarov, et al.. Spatial Epidemiology of Plasmodium vivax, Afghanistan. 2006. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/16210.
Photorhabdus asymbiotica is an emerging bacterial pathogen that causes locally invasive soft tissue and disseminated bacteremic infections in the United States and Australia. Although the source of infection was previously unknown, we report that the bacterium is found in a symbiotic association with an insect-pathogenic soil nematode of the genus
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Supporting FilesPublic Domain
Gerrard, J. G., Joyce, S. A., Clarke, D. J., ffrench-Constant, R. H., Nimmo, G. R., Looke, D. F., Feil, E. J., Pearce, L., & Waterfield, N. R. (2006). Nematode Symbiont for Photorhabdus asymbiotica. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/16331
Gerrard, John G., Susan A. Joyce, David J. Clarke, Richard H. ffrench-Constant, Graeme R. Nimmo, David F.M. Looke, Edward J. Feil, Lucy Pearce, and Nick R. Waterfield. Nematode Symbiont for Photorhabdus asymbiotica. 2006. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/16331.
We identified a novel human parechovirus (HPeV) type (K251176-02) from a neonate with fever. Analysis of the complete genome showed K251176-02 to be a new HPeV genotype. Since K251176-02 could not be neutralized with antibodies against known HPeV serotypes 1-3, it should be classified as a fourth HPeV serotype.
Supporting FilesPublic Domain
Benschop, K. S., Schinkel, J., Luken, M. E., van den Broek, P. J., Beersma, M. F., Menelik, N., van Eijk, H. W., Zaaijer, H. L., VandenBroucke-Grauls, C. M., Beld, M. G., & Wolthers, K. C. (2006). Fourth Human Parechovirus Serotype. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/16189
Benschop, Kimberley S.M., Janke Schinkel, Manon E. Luken, Peter J.M. van den Broek, Matthias F.C. Beersma, Negassi Menelik, and Hetty W.M. van Eijk, et al.. Fourth Human Parechovirus Serotype. 2006. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/16189.
An outbreak of community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus occurred among members and close contacts of a soccer team. Typing of the isolates showed the outbreak was caused by the well-known European ST80-IV strain. To our knowledge, this is the first report of an outbreak of this strain among members of a sports team.
Supporting FilesPublic Domain
Huijsdens, X. W., van Lier, A. M., van Kregten, E., Verhoef, L., van Santen-Verheuvel, M. G., Spalburg, E., & Wannet, W. J. (2006). Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Dutch Soccer Team. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/16302
Huijsdens, Xander W., Ans M.C. van Lier, Eric van Kregten, Liesbeth Verhoef, Marga G. van Santen-Verheuvel, Emile Spalburg, and Wim J.B. Wannet. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Dutch Soccer Team. 2006. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/16302.
To understand transmission of avian influenza A (H5N1) virus, we conducted a retrospective survey of poultry deaths and a seroepidemiologic investigation in a Cambodian village where a 28-year-old man was infected with H5N1 virus in March 2005. Poultry surveys were conducted within a 1-km radius of the patient's household. Forty-two household flock
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Supporting FilesPublic Domain
Vong, S., Coghlan, B., Mardy, S., Holl, D., Seng, H., Ly, S., Miller, M. J., Buchy, P., Froehlich, Y., Dufourcq, J. B., Uyeki, T. M., Lim, W., & Sok, T. (2006). Low Frequency of Poultry-to-Human H5N1 Transmission, Southern Cambodia, 2005. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/7928
Vong, Sirenda, Benjamin Coghlan, Sek Mardy, Davun Holl, Heng Seng, Sovann Ly, and Megge J. Miller, et al.. Low Frequency of Poultry-to-Human H5N1 Transmission, Southern Cambodia, 2005. 2006. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/7928.
Vong, Sirenda, et al. Low Frequency of Poultry-to-Human H5N1 Transmission, Southern Cambodia, 2005. 2006, Stacks. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/7928.
Calvo, C., García-García, M. L., Centeno, M., Pérez-Breña, P., & Casas, I. (2006). Influenza C Virus Infection in Children, Spain. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/16085
Calvo, Cristina, Maria Luz García-García, Miriam Centeno, Pilar Pérez-Breña, and Inmaculada Casas. Influenza C Virus Infection in Children, Spain. 2006. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/16085.
A total of 6% of 6,983 households in the United Kingdom had leftover antimicrobial drugs, and 4% had standby antimicrobial drugs. Respondents with leftover drugs were more educated, more knowledgeable about antimicrobial drugs, younger, and female. Of respondents with leftover drugs, 44% kept them in case of future need, and 18% had taken these dru
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Supporting FilesPublic Domain
McNulty, C. A., Boyle, P., Nichols, T., Clappison, D. P., & Davey, P. (2006). Antimicrobial Drugs in the Home, United Kingdom. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/16151
McNulty, Cliodna A.M., Paul Boyle, Tom Nichols, Douglas P. Clappison, and Peter Davey. Antimicrobial Drugs in the Home, United Kingdom. 2006. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/16151.
Avellón, A., Rubio, G., Palacios, G., Casas, I., Rabella, N., Reina, G., Pérez, C., Lipkin, W. I., & Trallero, G. (2006). Enterovirus 75 and Aseptic Meningitis, Spain, 2005. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/16286
Avellón, Ana, Gurutze Rubio, Gustavo Palacios, Inmaculada Casas, Nuria Rabella, Gabriel Reina, Cármen Pérez, W. Ian Lipkin, and Gloria Trallero. Enterovirus 75 and Aseptic Meningitis, Spain, 2005. 2006. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/16286.
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) emerged in Indian Ocean islands in 2005 and is causing an ongoing outbreak that involves >260,000 patients, including travelers returning home from these islands. We investigated cases in 4 patients returning from Mayotte and Reunion Islands with CHIKV infection and a nurse infected in metropolitan France after direct cont
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Supporting FilesPublic Domain
Parola, P., de Lamballerie, X., Jourdan, J., Rovery, C., Vaillant, V., Minodier, P., Brouqui, P., Flahault, A., Raoult, D., & Charrel, R. N. (2006). Novel Chikungunya Virus Variant in Travelers Returning from Indian Ocean Islands. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/16381
Parola, Philippe, Xavier de Lamballerie, Jacques Jourdan, Clarisse Rovery, Véronique Vaillant, Philippe Minodier, Philippe Brouqui, Antoine Flahault, Didier Raoult, and Rémi N. Charrel. Novel Chikungunya Virus Variant in Travelers Returning from Indian Ocean Islands. 2006. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/16381.
Parola, Philippe, et al. Novel Chikungunya Virus Variant in Travelers Returning from Indian Ocean Islands. 2006, Stacks. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/16381.
The transmission of the prion disease bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) to humans raises concern about chronic wasting disease (CWD), a prion disease of deer and elk. In 7 Colorado counties with high CWD prevalence, 75% of state hunting licenses are issued locally, which suggests that residents consume most regionally harvested game. We used C
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Supporting FilesPublic Domain
Pape, W. J., Forster, J. E., Anderson, C. A., Bosque, P., Miller, M. W., & Mawhinney, S. (2006). Human Prion Disease and Relative Risk Associated with Chronic Wasting Disease. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/16201
Pape, W. John, Jeri E. Forster, C. Alan Anderson, Patrick Bosque, Michael W. Miller, and Samantha Mawhinney. Human Prion Disease and Relative Risk Associated with Chronic Wasting Disease. 2006. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/16201.
Pape, W. John, et al. Human Prion Disease and Relative Risk Associated with Chronic Wasting Disease. 2006, Stacks. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/16201.
Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 expanded considerably during 2005 and early 2006 in both avian host species and geographic distribution. Domestic waterfowl and migratory birds are reservoirs, but lethality of this subtype appeared to initially limit migrant effectiveness as introductory hosts. This situation may have changed, as HPAI
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Rappole, John H. and Zdenek Hubálek. Birds and Influenza H5N1 Virus Movement to and within North America. 2006. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/16179.
Rappole, John H., and Zdenek Hubálek Birds and Influenza H5N1 Virus Movement to and within North America. 2006, Stacks. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/16179.
A prospective surveillance program for influenza viruses was established in Lao People's Democratic Republic (PDR) in July of 2005. We report isolation of H5N1 virus genetically distinct from H5N1 circulating in 2004, which indicates reintroduction of H5N1 into Lao PDR after its disappearance (i.e., no virologic or serologic evidence) for 2 years.
Supporting FilesPublic Domain
Boltz, D. A., Douangngeun, B., Sinthasak, S., Phommachanh, P., Rolston, S., Chen, H., Guan, Y., Peiris, J. S. M., Smith, G. J., & Webster, R. G. (2006). H5N1 Influenza Viruses in Lao People’s Democratic Republic. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/16396
Boltz, David A., Bounlom Douangngeun, Settha Sinthasak, Phouvong Phommachanh, Scott Rolston, Honglin Chen, Yi Guan, Joseph S. Malik Peiris, Gavin J.D. Smith, and Robert G. Webster. H5N1 Influenza Viruses in Lao People’s Democratic Republic. 2006. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/16396.
Keren, R., Wheeler, A., Coffin, S. E., Zaoutis, T., Hodinka, R., & Heydon, K. (2006). ICD-9 Codes for Identifying Influenza Hospitalizations in Children. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1210.051525
Keren, Ron, Anna Wheeler, Susan E. Coffin, Theoklis Zaoutis, Richard Hodinka, and Kateri Heydon. ICD-9 Codes for Identifying Influenza Hospitalizations in Children. 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1210.051525.
Himachal Pradesh state of India is situated in the outer Himalayan ranges. During the rainy season, several cases of acute febrile illness of unknown origin occurred. Orientia tsutsugamushi was identified as the causative agent by microimmunofluorescence and PCR. Two new genotypes of O. tsutsugamushi were identified in the region.
Supporting FilesPublic Domain
Mahajan, S. K., Rolain, J. M., Kashyap, R., Bakshi, D., Sharma, V., Prasher, B. S., Pal, L. S., & Raoult, D. (2006). Scrub Typhus in Himalayas. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/16196
Mahajan, Sanjay K., Jean-Marc Rolain, Rajesh Kashyap, Diprabhanu Bakshi, Vijay Sharma, Bhupal Singh Prasher, Lal Singh Pal, and Didier Raoult. Scrub Typhus in Himalayas. 2006. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/16196.
Quantitative data on the onset and evolution of malaria epidemics are scarce. We review case studies from recent African Plasmodium falciparum epidemics (Kisii and Gucha Districts, Kenya, 1999; Kayanza Province, Burundi, 2000-2001; Aweil East, southern Sudan, 2003; Gutten and Damot Gale, Ethiopia, 2003-2004). We highlight possible epidemic risk fac
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Supporting FilesPublic Domain
Checchi, F., Cox, J., Balkan, S., Tamrat, A., Priotto, G., Alberti, K. P., Zurovac, D., & Guthmann, J. P. (2006). Malaria Epidemics and Interventions, Kenya, Burundi, Southern Sudan, and Ethiopia, 1999–2004. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/16359
Checchi, Francesco, Jonathan Cox, Suna Balkan, Abiy Tamrat, Gerardo Priotto, Kathryn P. Alberti, Dejan Zurovac, and Jean-Paul Guthmann. Malaria Epidemics and Interventions, Kenya, Burundi, Southern Sudan, and Ethiopia, 1999–2004. 2006. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/16359.
Checchi, Francesco, et al. Malaria Epidemics and Interventions, Kenya, Burundi, Southern Sudan, and Ethiopia, 1999–2004. 2006, Stacks. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/16359.
Bessaud, M., Peyrefitte, C. N., Pastorino, B. A. M., Tock, F., Merle, O. L., Colpart, J. J., Dehecq, J. S., Girod, R., Jaffar-Bandjee, M. C., Glass, P. J., Parker, M., Tolou, H. J., & Grandadam, M. (2006). Chikungunya Virus Strains, Reunion Island Outbreak. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/16377
Bessaud, Maël, Christophe N. Peyrefitte, Boris A. M. Pastorino, Fabienne Tock, Olivier L. Merle, Jean-Jacques Colpart, and Jean-Sébastien Dehecq, et al.. Chikungunya Virus Strains, Reunion Island Outbreak. 2006. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/16377.
Detailed understanding of the epidemiology of Campylobacter is increasingly facilitated through use of universal and reproducible techniques for accurate strain differentiation and subtyping. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) enables discriminatory subtyping and grouping of isolate types into genetically related clonal complexes; it also has the ad
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Supporting FilesPublic Domain
Sopwith, W., Birtles, A., Matthews, M., Fox, A., Gee, S., Painter, M., Regan, M., Syed, Q., & Bolton, E. (2006). Campylobacter jejuni Multilocus Sequence Types in Humans, Northwest England, 2003–2004. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/16209
Sopwith, Will, Andrew Birtles, Margaret Matthews, Andrew Fox, Steven Gee, Michael Painter, Martyn Regan, Qutub Syed, and Eric Bolton. Campylobacter jejuni Multilocus Sequence Types in Humans, Northwest England, 2003–2004. 2006. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/16209.
Sopwith, Will, et al. Campylobacter jejuni Multilocus Sequence Types in Humans, Northwest England, 2003–2004. 2006, Stacks. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/16209.
Chikungunya fever is reported in India after 32 years. Immunoglobulin M antibodies and virus isolation confirmed the cause. Phylogenic analysis based on partial sequences of NS4 and E1 genes showed that all earlier isolates (1963-1973) were Asian genotype, whereas the current and Yawat (2000) isolates were African genotype.
Supporting FilesPublic Domain
Yergolkar, P. N., Tandale, B. V., Arankalle, V. A., Sathe, P. S., Gandhe, S. S., Gokhle, M. D., Jacob, G. P., Hundekar, S. L., & Mishra, A. C. (2006). Chikungunya Outbreaks Caused by African Genotype, India. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/16354
Yergolkar, Prasanna N., Babasaheb V. Tandale, Vidya A. Arankalle, Padmakar S. Sathe, Swati S. Gandhe, Mangesh D. Gokhle, George P. Jacob, Supriya L. Hundekar, and Akhilesh C. Mishra. Chikungunya Outbreaks Caused by African Genotype, India. 2006. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/16354.
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