Noise processing experiments with ELF (3 to 300 Hz) atmospheric noise and signals in the 40 to 80 Hz range are described. The primary purpose of the experiments was to record and analyze wideband ELF noise in order to design the noise processing portion of a receiver which minimizes the required transmitter power. The application of appropriate theory and extensive simulations led to a noise processor which consists of the following functions: (1) a compensating (or whitening) filter, (2) a prenotch filter clipper, (3) notch filters at frequencies of manmade interference (e. g., power lines), (4) a post-notch filter clipper, and (5) a phase-coherent linear matched filter. The nonlinear processing provides considerable gain relative to a linear receiver (i. e. , a receiver consisting only of a matched filter and appropriate whitening filters). It is convenient to measure sys tem performance in terms of an "effective noise level" which is equal to twice the received signal energy divided by the signal to noise ratio at the matched filter output. For example, the highest effective noise levels observed at 45 Hz with the nonlinear processor were about -134, -131 and -137 dB wrt 1 amp/m [Hz] using Saipan, Malta and Norway data, respectively, compared to 1 percent exceedance levels of effective noise for the linear receiver of about -115, 115 and -130 dB wrt 1 amp/m [Hz] respectively.
1973 | Proceedings of Thru-the-Earth Electromagnetics, August 15-17,1973, Colorado School of Mines, p. 62-72
Description:
The use of radio signals for underground communications was considered as early as the mid-1920's [1] - [4] . However, early experiments did not produ...
1973 | Proceedings of Thru-the-Earth Electromagnetics, August 15-17,1973, Colorado School of Mines, p. 38-48
Description:
This paper is concerned with the theoretical study of UHF radio communication in coal mines, with particular reference to the rate of loss of signal s...
1973 | Proceedings of Thru-the-Earth Electromagnetics, August 15-17,1973, Colorado School of Mines, p. 9-14
Description:
It is the purpose of this paper to review theoretical model concepts in through- the -earth transmission of electromagnetic waves. While the subject i...
1973 | Proceedings of Thru-the-Earth Electromagnetics, August 15-17,1973, Colorado School of Mines, p. 20-33
Description:
One aspect of a program to improve the chances of survival following coal mine disasters is the development of a communications system which will allo...
1973 | Proceedings of Thru-the-Earth Electromagnetics, August 15-17,1973, Colorado School of Mines, p. 48-53
Description:
So far as the propagation of electromagnetic waves is concerned, an underground tunnel behaves like a pipe or hollowed waveguide. Waves propagate in t...
1973 | Proceedings of Thru-the-Earth Electromagnetics, August 15-17,1973, Colorado School of Mines, p. 34-37
Description:
The Coal Mine Health and Safety Act of 1969, passed by Congress in the wake of the disaster at Farmington, West Virginia, led to an extensive study by...
1973 | Proceedings of Thru-the-Earth Electromagnetics, August 15-17,1973, Colorado School of Mines, p. 54-61
Description:
Radio propagation measurements were conducted in a coal mine at UHF (200 to 1000 MHz) and VLF (1 to 50 kHz) to characterize the transmission loss of i...
1973 | Proceedings of Thru-the-Earth Electromagnetics, August 15-17,1973, Colorado School of Mines, p. 15-19
Description:
Introduction The fields of an infinite line source in the presence of a conducting half-space have been examined by Wait and Spies (1971). In any real...
1973 | Proceedings of Thru-the-Earth Electromagnetics, August 15-17,1973, Colorado School of Mines, p. 73-80
Description:
An approximate solution to the electromagnetic boundary value problem consisting of a horizontal cylindrical conductor buried in a lossy half-space an...
1973 | Proceedings of Thru-the-Earth Electromagnetics, August 15-17,1973, Colorado School of Mines, p. 112-120
Description:
Considerable current interest is evident[l,2] in the use of transient electromagnetic methods for subsurface remote sensing. A transient method is dis...
1973 | Proceedings of Thru-the-Earth Electromagnetics, August 15-17,1973, Colorado School of Mines, p. 98-103
Description:
This is a discussion of the application of the zonal harmonic series to problems involving dipole sources in the vicinity of spherical boundaries. The...
1973 | Proceedings of Thru-the-Earth Electromagnetics, August 15-17,1973, Colorado School of Mines, p. 140-148
Description:
nvestigation into the expressions of the field produced by a loop over a conducting half space or in an infinite conducting half space are well docume...
1973 | Proceedings of Thru-the-Earth Electromagnetics, August 15-17,1973, Colorado School of Mines, p. 81-85
Description:
The feasibility of locating a buried vertical magnetic dipole source (horizontal loop) from surface measurements of the vertical and horizontal magnet...
1973 | Proceedings of Thru-the-Earth Electromagnetics, August 15-17,1973, Colorado School of Mines, p. 121-129
Description:
We present an electromagnetic method taken from the well known radiogoniometer that allows us to locate at the surface of the ground the vertical axis...
1973 | Proceedings of Thru-the-Earth Electromagnetics, August 15-17,1973, Colorado School of Mines, p. 92-94
Description:
Three -dimensional boundary value problems are difficult to solve. Indeed, while the separation of the scalar wave equation can be effected in 11 diff...
1973 | Proceedings of Thru-the-Earth Electromagnetics, August 15-17,1973, Colorado School of Mines, p. 95-97
Description:
I do not regard the criticism by Rankin of my work as valid or even meaningful. I strongly reject the assertion by Rankin that my results are invalid....
1973 | Proceedings of Thru-the-Earth Electromagnetics, August 15-17,1973, Colorado School of Mines, p. 130-139
Description:
To realize a radiowave communication along mine galleries a few kilometers long without repeater, we show that it is possible to use a coaxial cable b...
1973 | Proceedings of Thru-the-Earth Electromagnetics, August 15-17,1973, Colorado School of Mines, p. 86-91
Description:
The perturbation of alternating electromagnetic fields by three-dimensional structures is considered. The general model is that of a semi-infinite con...
1973 | Proceedings of Thru-the-Earth Electromagnetics, August 15-17,1973, Colorado School of Mines, p. 178-201
Description:
The attention of this group was focussed on four through-the-earth communication systems that are presently of high interest to the U.S. Bureau of Min...
"In its role of providing technical assistance to the mining industry, the Bureau of Mines' Tuscaloosa Research Center has conducted research to devel...
An electromagnetic (EM) system for the location of trapped mine workers at coal-mine (300 m) depths has been developed. The use of such a system in de...
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