Our first objective was to develop an index of satellite exchange and then determine whether satellite exchangers (SEs) differed demographically or behaviorally from other injecting drug users (IDUs). Our second objective was to determine the degree that SEs contributed to needle exchange program (NEP) effectiveness.|We collected data from approximately 5000 Baltimore Needle Exchange Program (BNEP) participants on the number of syringes acquired and returned over the two-year period February 1995 to February 1997. We then conducted one-way ANOVAs and logistic regressions to determine if SEs were different from other IDUs.|We classified 9.35% of the IDUs and SEs and showed that SEs reported levels of drug use and risk behavior similar to other BNEP participants. Although SEs represented less than 10% of all BNEP clients, they accounted for more than 64% of all needles distributed by the BNEP. We showed that SEs accessed more wide-ranging drug use networks than non-SE IDUs and thus can act as potential bridges for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevention materials and messages to larger numbers of drug injectors.|SEs can be expressly targeted with specific prevention messages and encouraged to be "ambassadors" for HIV prevention messages. Efforts to curtail the activities of SEs may detract from the effectiveness of NEPs.
The National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), in collaboration with the Office of AIDS Research of the National Institutes of Health, invited national and international researchers to the "Research Synthesis Symposium on the Prevention of HIV in Drug ...
Cottler, L B; Compton, W M; Ben Abdallah, A; Cunningham-Williams, R; Abram, F; Fichtenbaum, C; Dotson, W;
Published Date:
Jun 1998
Source:
Public Health Rep. 113(Suppl 1):31-41
Description:
The purpose of this chapter is to describe the results of a randomized study (funded by the National Institute on Drug Abuse [NIDA]) comparing a peer-delivered enhanced intervention to the NIDA standard intervention for reducing human immunodeficienc...
Guided by a social influence and empowerment framework, peer leaders in the injecting drug user (IDU) community were trained to promote human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevention among their contacts within and beyond their sex and drug networks.|...
Although lowering incidence rates of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission is the primary goal of needle exchange programs (NEPs), other desirable outcomes are possible. Referring exchange participants to more comprehensive drug abuse treat...
Singer, M; Baer, H A; Scott, G; Horowitz, S; Weinstein, B;
Published Date:
Jun 1998
Source:
Public Health Rep. 113(Suppl 1):81-89
Description:
To break the link between drug use and the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), in 1992 the state of Connecticut rescinded a 14-year ban on pharmacy sales of syringes without a physician's prescription. In 1993, the Center for Disease Control and Prev...
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection associated with injecting drug use has been reported in at least 98 countries and territories worldwide. There is evidence that new epidemics are emerging in different regions, including Eastern Europe, La...
Over the past decade, a body of observational research has accrued about the effects of outreach-based human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) interventions for drug users. The authors reviewed the findings related to postintervention behavior changes and...
This analysis describes the Outreach-Assisted Model of Partner Notification, an innovative strategy for encouraging seropositive injecting drug users (IDUs) to inform their partners of shared human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) exposure. The analysis ...
Booth, R E; Kwiatkowski, C; Iguchi, M Y; Pinto, F; John, D;
Published Date:
Jun 1998
Source:
Public Health Rep. 113(Suppl 1):116-128
Description:
High risk injection practices are common among injecting drug users (IDUs), even following intervention efforts. Moreover, relapse to risk behaviors has been reported among those who initiate risk reduction. Substance abuse treatment offers the poten...
Community-based outreach to drug injectors is an important component of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevention strategy. The purpose of this chapter is to evaluate the effectiveness of community-based outreach HIV intervention that has been im...
Injecting drug users (IDUs) are at high risk for infection by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and other blood-borne pathogens. In the United States, IDUs account for nearly one-third of the cases of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), eithe...
Shriver, M; de Burger, R; Brown, C; Simpson, H L; Meyerson, B;
Published Date:
Jun 1998
Source:
Public Health Rep. 113(Suppl 1):189-193
Description:
Five policy advocates and practitioners provide recommendations to researchers to make research data more usable, accessible, and applicable for the field of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevention among injecting and other drug users. Translat...
As the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) epidemic among drug users enters its third decade in the United States, it is important to consider the role playing by substance abuse treatment in the prevention of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)...
This chapter attempts to describe the factors influencing the transmission of syringe-born viruses, to review the effects of syringe exchange programs (SEPs) in terms of these factors, and to explore the gamut of health-promoting activities of SEPs.|...
To review human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) risk reduction interventions among injecting drug users (IDUs) that have adopted a network approach.|The design and outcomes of selected network-based interventions among IDUs are reviewed using the networ...
We undertook a study of the role of methadone maintenance in protecting injecting drug users (IDUs) from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection from the earliest days of the HIV epidemic in New York City to the present. The historical context o...
The Windham, Connecticut, needle exchange closed in May 1997 after becoming embroiled in a public controversy in which it was blamed for the city's drug problem, discarded syringes, and even the economic decline of the city itself. The authors interv...
This chapter attempts to describe the factors influencing the transmission of syringe-born viruses, to review the effects of syringe exchange programs (SEPs) in terms of these factors, and to explore the gamut of health-promoting activities of SEPs.|...
Community-based outreach to drug injectors is an important component of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevention strategy. The purpose of this chapter is to evaluate the effectiveness of community-based outreach HIV intervention that has been im...
Broadhead, R S; Heckathorn, D D; Weakliem, D L; Anthony, D L; Madray, H; Mills, R J; Hughes, J;
Published Date:
Jun 1998
Source:
Public Health Rep. 113(Suppl 1):42-57
Description:
Since 1985, community outreach efforts to combat acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) among injecting drug users (IDUs) in the United States have overwhelmingly depended on a provider-client model that relies on staffs of professional outreach w...
Guided by a social influence and empowerment framework, peer leaders in the injecting drug user (IDU) community were trained to promote human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevention among their contacts within and beyond their sex and drug networks.|...
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[PDF - 2.59 MB]
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