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Syringe exchange programs: lowering the transmission of syringe-borne diseases and beyond.
  • Published Date:
    Jun 1998
  • Source:
    Public Health Rep. 113(Suppl 1):67-74
  • Language:
    English
Filetype[PDF-1.57 MB]


Details:
  • Personal Authors:
    Heimer, R
  • Keywords:
  • Pubmed ID:
    9722811
  • Pubmed Central ID:
    PMCnull
  • Description:
    This chapter attempts to describe the factors influencing the transmission of syringe-born viruses, to review the effects of syringe exchange programs (SEPs) in terms of these factors, and to explore the gamut of health-promoting activities of SEPs.|The chapter is divided into six sections: biological factors in syringe-borne viral transmission, behavior and viral transmission, quantifying viral transmission, preventing viral transmission, impediments to preventing viral transmission, and research for preventing viral transmission. Understanding how biological and behavioral factors influence transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis builds a framework to investigate the epidemiology and the impact of SEPs on disease transmission. Even under circumstances in which these programs do not appear to be effective, understanding the implications of the biological and behavioral factors can contribute to our understanding of program benefits and limitations. Furthermore, program benefits may not be restricted to direct effects on disease transmission. Many programs offer services to drug injectors that include risk reduction training, facilitated entry into substance abuse treatment, and medical care.|SEPs can reduce the transmission of syringe-borne viruses without increasing illicit drug use. However, lack of resources, acceptance, and consequently, protection of many of those at risk when they are most vulnerable have hampered program effectiveness. New studies need to be designed to explicate the full measure of program benefit within covered communities and identify the means by which SEPs can expand benefit to individuals at greatest risk.

  • Document Type:
    Journal Article
  • Collection(s):
    Public Health Reports
  • Main Document Checksum:
  • Supporting Files:
    No Additional Files
    1. HIV prevention among injecting drug users: responses in developing and transitional countries.
      Personal Author:
      Ball, A L; Rana, S; Dehne, K L;
      Published:
      Jun 1998
      Source:
      Public Health Rep. 113(Suppl 1):170-181
      Description:
      Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection associated with injecting drug use has been reported in at least 98 countries and territories worldwide. There is evidence that new epidemics are emerging in different regions, including Eastern Europe, La...
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 2.07 MB]
    2. What we have learned from research about the prevention of HIV transmission among drug abusers.
      Personal Author:
      Sloboda, Z
      Published:
      Jun 1998
      Source:
      Public Health Rep. 113(Suppl 1):194-204
      Description:
      After more than 10 years of experience conducting behavioral changes interventions and with accumulated research results, several emergent principle have been identified for the effective prevention of HIV-transmission among drug abusers. In August 1...
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 2.40 MB]
    3. The outreach-assisted model of partner notification with IDUs.
      Personal Author:
      Levy, J A; Fox, S E;
      Published:
      Jun 1998
      Source:
      Public Health Rep. 113(Suppl 1):160-169
      Description:
      This analysis describes the Outreach-Assisted Model of Partner Notification, an innovative strategy for encouraging seropositive injecting drug users (IDUs) to inform their partners of shared human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) exposure. The analysis ...
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 2.15 MB]
    4. Fifteen years of research on preventing HIV infection among injecting drug users: what we have learned, what we have not learned, what we have done, what we have not done.
      Personal Author:
      Des Jarlais, D C; Friedman, S R;
      Published:
      Jun 1998
      Source:
      Public Health Rep. 113(Suppl 1):182-188
      Description:
      Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) was formally identified among injecting drug users (IDUs) in 1981, and research on preventing human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection among drug injectors began shortly thereafter. At the time this resea...
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 1.17 MB]
    5. Bridging the gap between science and practice: insight to researchers from practitioners.
      Personal Author:
      Shriver, M; de Burger, R; Brown, C; Simpson, H L; Meyerson, B;
      Published:
      Jun 1998
      Source:
      Public Health Rep. 113(Suppl 1):189-193
      Description:
      Five policy advocates and practitioners provide recommendations to researchers to make research data more usable, accessible, and applicable for the field of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevention among injecting and other drug users. Translat...
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 780.81 KB]
    6. HIV prevention with drug-using populations--current status and future prospects: introduction and overview.
      Personal Author:
      Needle, R H; Coyle, S L; Normand, J; Lambert, E; Cesari, H;
      Published:
      Jun 1998
      Source:
      Public Health Rep. 113(Suppl 1):4-18
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 3.90 MB]
    7. Harnessing peer networks as an instrument for AIDS prevention: results from a peer-driven intervention.
      Personal Author:
      Broadhead, R S; Heckathorn, D D; Weakliem, D L; Anthony, D L; Madray, H; Mills, R J; Hughes, J;
      Published:
      Jun 1998
      Source:
      Public Health Rep. 113(Suppl 1):42-57
      Description:
      Since 1985, community outreach efforts to combat acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) among injecting drug users (IDUs) in the United States have overwhelmingly depended on a provider-client model that relies on staffs of professional outreach w...
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 6.22 MB]
    8. Outreach-based HIV prevention for injecting drug users: a review of published outcome data.
      Personal Author:
      Coyle, S L; Needle, R H; Normand, J;
      Published:
      Jun 1998
      Source:
      Public Health Rep. 113(Suppl 1):19-30
      Description:
      Over the past decade, a body of observational research has accrued about the effects of outreach-based human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) interventions for drug users. The authors reviewed the findings related to postintervention behavior changes and...
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 5.34 MB]
    9. Peer-delivered interventions reduce HIV risk behaviors among out-of-treatment drug abusers.
      Personal Author:
      Cottler, L B; Compton, W M; Ben Abdallah, A; Cunningham-Williams, R; Abram, F; Fichtenbaum, C; Dotson, W;
      Published:
      Jun 1998
      Source:
      Public Health Rep. 113(Suppl 1):31-41
      Description:
      The purpose of this chapter is to describe the results of a randomized study (funded by the National Institute on Drug Abuse [NIDA]) comparing a peer-delivered enhanced intervention to the NIDA standard intervention for reducing human immunodeficienc...
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 7.12 MB]
    10. Community-based outreach HIV intervention for street-recruited drug users in Madras, India.
      Personal Author:
      Kumar, M S; Mudaliar, S; Daniels, D;
      Published:
      Jun 1998
      Source:
      Public Health Rep. 113(Suppl 1):58-66
      Description:
      Community-based outreach to drug injectors is an important component of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevention strategy. The purpose of this chapter is to evaluate the effectiveness of community-based outreach HIV intervention that has been im...
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 3.45 MB]
    11. HIV prevention with drug using populations. Current status and future prospects.
      Personal Author:
      Leshner, A I
      Published:
      Jun 1998
      Source:
      Public Health Rep. 113(Suppl 1):1-3
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 413.01 KB]
    12. Facilitating treatment entry among out-of-treatment injection drug users.
      Personal Author:
      Booth, R E; Kwiatkowski, C; Iguchi, M Y; Pinto, F; John, D;
      Published:
      Jun 1998
      Source:
      Public Health Rep. 113(Suppl 1):116-128
      Description:
      High risk injection practices are common among injecting drug users (IDUs), even following intervention efforts. Moreover, relapse to risk behaviors has been reported among those who initiate risk reduction. Substance abuse treatment offers the poten...
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 2.90 MB]
    13. The network approach and interventions to prevent HIV among injection drug users.
      Personal Author:
      Neaigus, A
      Published:
      Jun 1998
      Source:
      Public Health Rep. 113(Suppl 1):140-150
      Description:
      To review human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) risk reduction interventions among injecting drug users (IDUs) that have adopted a network approach.|The design and outcomes of selected network-based interventions among IDUs are reviewed using the networ...
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 2.89 MB]
    14. Outreach in natural settings: the use of peer leaders for HIV prevention among injecting drug users' networks.
      Personal Author:
      Latkin, C A
      Published:
      Jun 1998
      Source:
      Public Health Rep. 113(Suppl 1):151-159
      Description:
      Guided by a social influence and empowerment framework, peer leaders in the injecting drug user (IDU) community were trained to promote human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevention among their contacts within and beyond their sex and drug networks.|...
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 2.59 MB]
    15. Drug abuse treatment as AIDS prevention.
      Personal Author:
      Metzger, D S; Navaline, H; Woody, G E;
      Published:
      Jun 1998
      Source:
      Public Health Rep. 113(Suppl 1):97-106
      Description:
      As the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) epidemic among drug users enters its third decade in the United States, it is important to consider the role playing by substance abuse treatment in the prevention of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)...
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 3.06 MB]
    16. Methadone treatment protects against HIV infection: two decades of experience in the Bronx, New York City.
      Personal Author:
      Hartel, D M; Schoenbaum, E E;
      Published:
      Jun 1998
      Source:
      Public Health Rep. 113(Suppl 1):107-115
      Description:
      We undertook a study of the role of methadone maintenance in protecting injecting drug users (IDUs) from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection from the earliest days of the HIV epidemic in New York City to the present. The historical context o...
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 3.12 MB]
    17. Drug abuse treatment success among needle exchange participants.
      Personal Author:
      Brooner, R; Kidorf, M; King, V; Beilenson, P; Svikis, D; Vlahov, D;
      Published:
      Jun 1998
      Source:
      Public Health Rep. 113(Suppl 1):129-139
      Description:
      Although lowering incidence rates of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission is the primary goal of needle exchange programs (NEPs), other desirable outcomes are possible. Referring exchange participants to more comprehensive drug abuse treat...
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 3.39 MB]
    18. Satellite exchange in the Baltimore Needle Exchange Program.
      Personal Author:
      Valente, T W; Foreman, R K; Junge, B; Vlahov, D;
      Published:
      Jun 1998
      Source:
      Public Health Rep. 113(Suppl 1):90-96
      Description:
      Our first objective was to develop an index of satellite exchange and then determine whether satellite exchangers (SEs) differed demographically or behaviorally from other injecting drug users (IDUs). Our second objective was to determine the degree ...
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 2.32 MB]
    19. The role of needle exchange programs in HIV prevention.
      Personal Author:
      Vlahov, D; Junge, B;
      Published:
      Jun 1998
      Source:
      Public Health Rep. 113(Suppl 1):75-80
      Description:
      Injecting drug users (IDUs) are at high risk for infection by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and other blood-borne pathogens. In the United States, IDUs account for nearly one-third of the cases of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), eithe...
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 1.90 MB]
    20. Pharmacy access to syringes among injecting drug users: follow-up findings from Hartford, Connecticut.
      Personal Author:
      Singer, M; Baer, H A; Scott, G; Horowitz, S; Weinstein, B;
      Published:
      Jun 1998
      Source:
      Public Health Rep. 113(Suppl 1):81-89
      Description:
      To break the link between drug use and the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), in 1992 the state of Connecticut rescinded a 14-year ban on pharmacy sales of syringes without a physician's prescription. In 1993, the Center for Disease Control and Prev...
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 2.54 MB]
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