Despite the high rates of smoking-related cancers among black Americans, little is known about the type of smoking prevention program that might be effective with black youth. The current study pilot-tested a promising smoking prevention approach to determine its feasibility, acceptability, and effectiveness. A total of 608 students in nine predominantly black urban junior high schools were stratified by community and randomly assigned to treatment and control conditions. Students in the treatment condition participated in a 12-session smoking prevention program which taught resistance skills and general life skills. Process data indicated that this prevention approach was feasible and acceptable to students, teachers, and administrators. Outcome data indicated that this program reduced the proportion of children who smoked in the past month by 56 percent, and it increased knowledge of the adverse consequences of smoking and normative expectations concerning adult and peer smoking. These results are discussed in terms of their implications for prevention and modifications which might further strengthen the efficacy of this approach for urban black adolescents.
In many metropolitan areas, homicide continues to be the scourge of black Americans despite increasing awareness of the overrepresentation of blacks among victims and perpetrators. The risk of being a homicide victim among black males is so high that...
Lacey, L P; Phillips, C W; Ansell, D; Whitman, S; Ebie, N; Chen, E;
Published Date:
1989 Nov-Dec
Source:
Public Health Rep. 104(6):536-541
Description:
Most types of cancer are disproportionately present in black populations. Among all ethnic and racial groups, black people have the highest incidence of all types of cancer combined, experiencing the highest mortality and the worst survival rate. A m...
The Office of Minority Health (OMH) was established in December 1985 in response to recommendations developed by the Secretary's Task Force on Black and Minority Health. Originally, OMH's mission emphasized six health problems identified by the Task ...
Research into the causes of alcoholism is a relatively recent scientific endeavor. One area of study which could lead to better understanding of the disease is the possibility of a genetic predisposition to alcoholism. Recent work has demonstrated th...
A group of Mexican American and white American school dropouts were compared with a control group and a group of academically at-risk students in three locations in the Southwest. The sample group consisted of school dropouts and comparison subjects ...
Hispanics are often labeled a "hard-to-reach" population in the context of health communications, yet there are indicators that corporate interests increasingly are reporting successes in designing advertising and promotional campaigns targeting Hisp...
The prevalence of diagnosed diabetes among American Indians in New Mexico with varied genetic and cultural backgrounds is reported. Utilizing community-based registries, the prevalence in persons ages 35 years and older ranged from 9.8 percent among ...
Burack, R C; Gimotty, P A; Stengle, W; Eckert, D; Warbasse, L; Moncrease, A;
Published Date:
1989 Nov-Dec
Source:
Public Health Rep. 104(6):527-535
Description:
Mammography remains substantially under-used in low-income minority populations despite its well-established efficacy as a means of breast cancer control. The Metropolitan Detroit Avoidable Mortality Project is a 2-year controlled clinical trial of c...
Manson, Spero M.; Beals, Janette; Dick, Rhonda Wiegman; Duclos, Christine;
Published Date:
1989 Nov-Dec
Source:
Public Health Rep. 104(6):609-614
Description:
Suicide rates among American Indians, especially adolescents, are higher than those for the general population. This paper summarizes the relevant literature on prevalence of, and risk factors for, suicide among American Indian groups, with a strong ...
Although the number of tuberculosis cases reported annually in the United States has decreased markedly during the past three and a half decades, the decrease among whites has been considerably greater than among nonwhites. As a result of this wideni...
Lasco, Richard A.; Curry, Robert H.; Dickson, V. Joann; Powers, Judy; Menes, Sandra; Merritt, Robert K.;
Published Date:
1989 Nov-Dec
Source:
Public Health Rep. 104(6):640-646
Description:
Since 1985, a black urban community in Atlanta has planned, implemented, and evaluated a cardiovascular risk reduction project. The Community Health Assessment and Promotion Project (CHAPP) was developed to reduce the high incidence of cardiovascular...
Preventing the initiation of cigarette smoking plays a vital role in reducing rates of cigarette smoking. The authors investigated trends in cigarette smoking initiation among Mexican Americans, Cuban Americans, Puerto Rican Americans, compared with ...
The maternal and child health programs of the Public Health Service have always been directed to minority populations; however, the recent surges of immigrants from Asian and Central American countries have caused the agency to appraise its efforts t...
Campbell, Bruce C.; Kimball, Ernest H.; Helgerson, Steven D.; Alexander, Isole L.; Goldberg, Howard I.;
Published Date:
1989 Nov-Dec
Source:
Public Health Rep. 104(6):627-631
Description:
The authors used data from birth records to assess changes in health risks and health status of American Indians (AI) living in Umatilla County, OR, from 1973 to 1986. They compared the AI health risks and health status with those of other persons (n...
Michielutte, R; Dignan, M B; Wells, H B; Young, L D; Jackson, D S; Sharp, P C;
Published Date:
1989 Nov-Dec
Source:
Public Health Rep. 104(6):542-551
Description:
The authors outline the development and implementation of a public health education program for cervical cancer screening among black women in Forsyth County, NC. The educational program includes distributing electronic and printed information media ...
Hepburn, Susan L; Blakeley-Smith, Audrey; Wolff, Brian; Reaven, Judy A;
Published Date:
Apr 20 2015
Source:
Autism. 20(2):207-218
Description:
Youth with autism spectrum disorders frequently experience significant symptoms of anxiety. Empirically supported psychosocial interventions exist, yet access is limited, especially for families in rural areas. Telehealth (i.e. videoconferencing) has...
A study of a special school program on cigarette smoking and health was undertaken in Niagara County, N.Y., to determine whether it produced effects on knowledge, attitudes, and behavior among teachers and parents as well as students and, if so, how ...