Evaluating Differences in Nonsyndromic Orofacial Clefts by Infant Sex: National Birth Defects Prevention Study, 1997-2011.

Details

• Alternative Title:
  The Journal of Pediatrics, 2026, v. 288: Evaluating Differences in Nonsyndromic Orofacial Clefts by Infant Sex: National Birth Defects Prevention Study, 1997-2011.
• Journal Article:
  The Journal of Pediatrics
• Personal Author:
  Salinas, Victoria A. ; Archer, Natalie P. ; Lustri, Layla R. ; Ludorf, Katherine L. ; Ihongbe, Timothy ; Yang, Wei ; Williford, Eva M. ; Browne, Marilyn L. ; Michalski, Adrian M. ; Williams, Lindsay A. ; Nembhard, Wendy ; Nestoridi, Eirini ; Shaw, Gary M. ; Olshan, Andrew F. ; Agopian, A. J.
• Corporate Authors:
  The National Birth Defects Prevention Study
• Description:
  To investigate nongenetic factors that may contribute to observed differences in nonsyndromic orofacial clefts by infant sex.
  
  Using data for 1997-2011 deliveries from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study, a case-control study, we separately examined associations between 23 maternal factors and cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL/P) and cleft palate alone (CP) using multivariable logistic regression stratified by infant sex.
  
  We compared 2986 infants with CL/P and 1557 with CP to 11 271 control infants without birth defects. After adjusting for maternal age at conception and education, lower odds of nonsyndromic orofacial clefts were observed among male infants of non-Hispanic Black mothers (CL/P adjusted odds ratio aOR: 0.36; 95% confidence interval CI: 0.28-0.45; CP aOR: 0.56; 95% CI: 0.41-0.76) and of Hispanic mothers (CL/P aOR: 0.84; 95% CI: 0.73-0.96; CP aOR: 0.57; 95% CI: 0.45-0.72) compared with non-Hispanic White mothers. Similar, though attenuated, lower odds of nonsyndromic orofacial clefts were observed among female infants of non-Hispanic Black mothers, but no association was observed among female infants of Hispanic mothers. Differences in associations between maternal education and nutrient intake (carbohydrate, energy, total lipids/fat, vitamin E, and zinc) and CL/P, as well as maternal vitamin C intake and CP, were also observed by infant sex.
  
  Associations between nonsyndromic orofacial clefts and minority racial and ethnic groups were attenuated or nonexistent among female infants compared with male infants. Sex-specific differences of CL/P appear more susceptible to environmental factors (eg, maternal education and nutrient intake) than sex-specific differences of CP.
• Content Notes:
  Author manuscript
• Subjects:
  • Humans
  • Cleft Lip
  • Cleft Palate
  • Female
  • Male
  • Case-Control Studies
  • Infant, Newborn
  • Sex Factors
  • Adult
  • Infant
  More +
• Source:
  The Journal of Pediatrics, 2026, v. 288
• DOI:
  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2025.114567
• ISSN:
  0022-3476 ; 1097-6833
• Pubmed ID:
  40158840
• Pubmed Central ID:
  PMC13023385
• Document Type:
  Text
• Funding:
  U01 DD000491/DD/NCBDD CDC HHSUnited States/ ; U01 DD001227/DD/NCBDD CDC HHSUnited States/ ; U01 DD001304/DD/NCBDD CDC HHSUnited States/ ; U01 DD001309/DD/NCBDD CDC HHSUnited States/ ; U01 DD001300/DD/NCBDD CDC HHSUnited States/
• Genre:
  Journal Article
• Place as Subject:
  United States
• Pages in Document:
  114567 (16 pdf pages)
• Volume:
  288
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/261551/cdc_261551_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 172.87 KB]
• Collection(s):
  CDC Public Access
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:942b85e978650eed0a288cdad6489d92e0cb89c88005c2afd747251f209dba75aa137c3102eec14af7fa141df287a8ca523a2979c8f4b92a0aadad2291d3b70d