Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) and Polycarbonate (PC) Filaments Three-Dimensional (3-D) Printer Emissions-Induced Cell Toxicity

Details

• Personal Author:
  Bowers L ; Castranova, Vincent ; Farcas MT ; Friend SA ; Hammond, Duane R. ; Jackson, Stephen R. ; Kashon M ; Knepp AK ; Mandler WK ; Matheson J ; Qi C ; Qian Y ; Sisler JD ; Stefaniak, Aleksandr B. ; Stueckle, Todd A. ; Thomas TA
• Description:
  During extrusion of some polymers, fused filament fabrication (FFF) 3-D printers emit billions of particles per minute and numerous organic compounds. The scope of this study was to evaluate FFF 3-D printer emission-induced toxicity in human small airway epithelial cells (SAEC). Emissions were generated from a commercially available 3-D printer inside a chamber, while operating for 1.5 h with acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) or polycarbonate (PC) filaments, and collected in cell culture medium. Characterization of the culture medium revealed that repeat print runs with an identical filament yield various amounts of particles and organic compounds. Mean particle sizes in cell culture medium were 201 +/- 18 nm and 202 +/- 8 nm for PC and ABS, respectively. At 24 h post-exposure, both PC and ABS emissions induced a dose dependent significant cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, apoptosis, necrosis, and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in SAEC. Though the emissions may not completely represent all possible exposure scenarios, this study indicate that the FFF could induce toxicological effects. Further studies are needed to quantify the detected chemicals in the emissions and their corresponding toxicological effects. [Description provided by NIOSH]
• Subjects:
  Butadienes Cells, Cultured Chemistry Cytotoxins Hazardous Substances Occupational Health Particulate Matter Polymers Printing Safety Styrene

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• Keywords:
  Acrylonitrile Author Keywords: Emerging Technologies Cell Cultures Chemical Properties Chemicals Cytokines Cytotoxicity Emission Sources Inflammatory Response In Vitro Toxicity Organic Compounds Oxidative Stress Particle Size Particulates Printer Emitted Nanoparticles Printers Toxic Effects Toxins

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• ISSN:
  0378-4274
• Document Type:
  Text
• Genre:
  Journal Article
• Place as Subject:
  Maryland ; Ohio ; OSHA Region 3 ; OSHA Region 5 ; West Virginia
• CIO:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Division:
  RHD - Respiratory Health Division ; DART - Division of Applied Research and Technology ; HELD - Health Effects Laboratory Division
• Topic:
  Workplace Safety & Health
• Location:
  North America
• Pages in Document:
  1-12
• Volume:
  317
• NIOSHTIC Number:
  nn:20057397
• Citation:
  Toxicol Lett 2019 Dec; 317:1-12
• Contact Point Address:
  Y. Qian, Pathology and Physiology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505
• Email:
  yaq2@cdc.gov
• CAS Registry Number:
  Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer (CAS RN 9003-56-9) ; Polycarbonates (CAS RN 25766-59-0)
• Federal Fiscal Year:
  2020
• NORA Priority Area:
  Manufacturing
• Peer Reviewed:
  True
• Source Full Name:
  Toxicology Letters
• Collection(s):
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:ac30d8e35171956ad12ceff5e8b58dd42cd3e3313c3c71e558f4a96cdb847210db466169fe39cb9bafb143d8b31cd86ef292b756425f75be42223aa48df4eda8
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/214757/cdc_214757_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 2.77 MB ]