Evaluation of pulmonary effects of 3-D printer emissions from acrylonitrile butadiene styrene using an air-liquid interface model of primary normal human-derived bronchial epithelial cells.

Details

• Personal Author:
  Battelli L ; Bowers L ; Coyle J ; Farcas MT ; Friend SA ; Hammer MA ; Hammond, Duane R. ; Kashon M ; Mandler WK ; Matheson J ; McKinney W ; Orandle M ; Qi C ; Qian Y ; Richardson D ; Service S ; Stefaniak, Aleksandr B. ; Thomas TA
• Description:
  This study investigated the inhalation toxicity of the emissions from 3-D printing with acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) filament using an air-liquid interface (ALI) in vitro model. Primary normal human-derived bronchial epithelial cells (NHBEs) were exposed to ABS filament emissions in an ALI for 4 hours. The mean and mode diameters of ABS emitted particles in the medium were 175 +/- 24 and 153 +/- 15 nm, respectively. The average particle deposition per surface area of the epithelium was 2.29 × 107 +/- 1.47 × 107 particle/cm2, equivalent to an estimated average particle mass of 0.144 +/- 0.042 µg/cm2. Results showed exposure of NHBEs to ABS emissions did not significantly affect epithelium integrity, ciliation, mucus production, nor induce cytotoxicity. At 24 hours after the exposure, significant increases in the pro-inflammatory markers IL-12p70, IL-13, IL-15, IFN-y, TNF-a, IL-17A, VEGF, MCP-1, and MIP-1a were noted in the basolateral cell culture medium of ABS-exposed cells compared to non-exposed chamber control cells. Results obtained from this study correspond with those from our previous in vivo studies, indicating that the increase in inflammatory mediators occur without associated membrane damage. The combination of the exposure chamber and the ALI-based model is promising for assessing 3-D printer emission-induced toxicity. [Description provided by NIOSH]
• Subjects:
  Butadienes Cells, Cultured Cytotoxins Hazardous Substances Occupational Health Particulate Matter Printing, Three-Dimensional Respiratory System Safety Styrene
• Keywords:
  Acrylonitrile; Butadienes; Styrenes; Inhalation; Toxins; Emission Sources; Three Dimensional Printing; 3D Printing; In Vitro Study; Particulates; Cytotoxicity; Cell Cultures; Author Keywords: 3-D Printer; Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene; Air-liquid Interface; Filament; Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells; In Vitro; Printer Emitted Nanoparticles; Thermoplastics
• ISSN:
  1091-5818
• Document Type:
  Text
• Genre:
  Journal Article
• Place as Subject:
  District of Columbia ; Maryland ; Ohio ; OSHA Region 3 ; OSHA Region 5 ; West Virginia
• CIO:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Division:
  HELD - Health Effects Laboratory Division ; RHD - Respiratory Health Division ; DFSE - Division of Field Studies and Engineering
• Topic:
  Workplace Safety & Health
• Location:
  North America
• Pages in Document:
  312-328
• Volume:
  41
• Issue:
  4
• NIOSHTIC Number:
  nn:20065436
• Citation:
  Int J Toxicol 2022 Aug; 14(4):312-328
• Contact Point Address:
  Yong Qian, Pathology and Physiology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV 26505
• Email:
  yaq2@cdc.gov
• Federal Fiscal Year:
  2022
• NORA Priority Area:
  Manufacturing ; Construction
• Peer Reviewed:
  True
• Source Full Name:
  International Journal of Toxicology
• Collection(s):
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:5a36bafc510f858cf8556585290f645c5dfed93ceb747c342212bdac18d2974ccd097e6ddef1e26d6996edca1b129f78361e02a266b83a3daa823d1ba3a7a03c
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/249436/cdc_249436_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 1.97 MB ]