Longitudinal Assessment of Exposures to Chlorpyrifos and Profenofos in Adolescent Egyptian Agriculture Workers

Details

• Personal Author:
  Bonner MR ; Hamad L ; Hendy O ; Ismail AA ; Khan K ; Olson JR ; Rasoul GA ; Rohlman D ; Singleton ST
• Description:
  Chlorpyrifos (CPF) and profenofos (PFF) are organophosphorus (OP) insecticides that are applied seasonally by the Egyptian Ministry of Agriculture to cotton fields. Urinary trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCPy), a specific CPF metabolite, and 4-bromo- 2-chlorophenol (BCP), a specific PFF metabolite, are biomarkers of exposure, while inhibition of blood butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities are effect biomarkers. Urinary TCPy and BCP and blood BChE and AChE activities were measured over a 10 month period in 2010 in adolescent pesticide applicators (n=57; 12-21 years of age) and age-matched non-applicators (n=38) prior to, during and after 28-31 days of CPF application followed by 9-14 days of PFF application. Applicators demonstrated significantly higher TCPy and BCP levels and greater BChE depression than non-applicators throughout the OP application period. Urinary TCPy remained elevated for 4-7 weeks after the cessation of agricultural spraying, while BCP levels readily returned to baseline. While large interindividual differences in exposure were observed throughout this longitudinal study (peak urinary BCP and peak TCPy levels ranging from 1.3 to 1,726 and 10.8 to 5,715 ug/g creatinine, respectively), these OP exposure biomarkers were highly correlated within applicators (r= 0.8, p<0.0001). The highly variable exposures support the need for exposure biomarker data when assessing neurobehavioral and other health outcomes associate with pesticide exposures. While lower levels of pesticide exposure were found to be associated with showering or bathing and changing clothes immediately after work, and wearing clean clothes to work, it is necessary to identify other work practices that may contribute to the high degree of variability in exposures, with the goal to reduce exposures. [Description provided by NIOSH]
• Subjects:
  Biomarkers Environmental Exposure Insecticides Occupational Health Organophosphates Safety
• Keywords:
  Exposure Levels Longitudinal Study Neurophysiological Effects Organophosphorus Pesticides Pesticides And Agricultural Chemicals Risk Assessment
• ISSN:
  1096-6080
• Document Type:
  Text
• Funding:
  Cooperative Agreement
• Genre:
  Abstract or Summary
• Place as Subject:
  Iowa ; New York ; Oregon ; OSHA Region 10 ; OSHA Region 2 ; OSHA Region 7
• CIO:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Topic:
  Workplace Safety & Health
• Location:
  North America
• Volume:
  144
• Issue:
  1
• NIOSHTIC Number:
  nn:20052839
• Citation:
  Toxicologist 2015 Mar; 144(1):466
• CAS Registry Number:
  3,5,6-Trichloro-2-pyridinol (CAS RN 6515-38-4) ; Chlorpyrifos (CAS RN 2921-88-2)
• Federal Fiscal Year:
  2015
• NORA Priority Area:
  Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing
• Performing Organization:
  University of Iowa, Iowa City
• Peer Reviewed:
  False
• Start Date:
  20010930
• Source Full Name:
  The Toxicologist. Society of Toxicology 54th Annual Meeting and ToxExpo, March 22-26, 2015, San Diego, California
• End Date:
  20270929
• Collection(s):
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:c3b5133c3779c899b562b09fc322710082859a9e2dae0d454c038dfa4da9b430b88603875a9b8a942005e226891bbca0916de57faeea7e034b4ddd5aa7124a21
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/212304/cdc_212304_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 436.11 KB ]