Potential Health Effects of Occupational Chlorinated Solvent Exposure

Details

• Personal Author:
  Ruder, Avima M.
• Description:
  Based on toxicology, metabolism, animal studies, and human studies, occupational exposure to chlorinated aliphatic solvents (methanes, ethanes, and ethenes) has been associated with numerous adverse health effects, including central nervous system, reproductive, liver, and kidney toxicity, and carcinogenicity. However, many of these solvents remain in active; large-volume use. This article reviews the recent occupational epidemiology literature on the most widely used solvents, methylene chloride, chloroform, trichloroethylene, and tetrachloroethylene, and discusses other chlorinated aliphatics. The impact of studies to date has been lessened because of small study size, inability to control for confounding factors, particularly smoking and mixed occupational exposures, and the lack of evidence for a solid pathway from occupational exposure to biological evidence of exposure, to precursors of health effects, and to health effects. International differences in exposure limits may provide a "natural experiment" in the coming years if countries that have lowered exposure limits subsequently experience decreased adverse health effects among exposed workers. Such decreases could provide some evidence that higher levels of adverse health effects were associated with higher levels of solvent exposure. The definitive studies, which should be prospective biomarker studies incorporating body burden of solvents as well as markers of effect, remain to be done. [Description provided by NIOSH]
• Subjects:
  Chlorine Compounds Kidney Diseases Liver Neoplasms Nervous System Occupational Health Safety Solvents Trichloroethylene Urogenital Diseases Urogenital System

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• Keywords:
  Author Keywords: Chlorinated Solvents Cancer Chlorine-compounds Health Effects Kidney-disorders Liver-disorders Neurotoxic-effects Occupational Exposure Tetrachloroethylene Trichloroethylene
• ISBN:
  9781573316538
• ISSN:
  0077-8923
• Publisher:
  Blackwell Publishing
• Document Type:
  Text
• Genre:
  Journal Article
• Place as Subject:
  Ohio ; OSHA Region 5
• CIO:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Division:
  DSHEFS - Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations, and Field Studies
• Topic:
  Workplace Safety & Health
• Location:
  North America
• Pages in Document:
  207-227
• Volume:
  1076
• NIOSHTIC Number:
  nn:20031058
• Citation:
  Ann NY Acad Sci 2006 Sep; 1076:207-227
• Contact Point Address:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, MS R-16, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226
• CAS Registry Number:
  1,1,1,2-Tetrachloroethane (CAS RN 630-20-6) ; 1,1,1-Trichloroethane (CAS RN 71-55-6) ; 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane (CAS RN 79-34-5) ; 1,1,2-Trichloroethane (CAS RN 79-00-5) ; 1,1-Dichloroethane (CAS RN 75-34-3) ; 1,2-Dichloroethane (CAS RN 107-06-2) ; 1,2-Dichloroethylene (CAS RN 540-59-0) ; Carbon tetrachloride (CAS RN 56-23-5) ; Chloroethane (CAS RN 75-00-3) ; Chloroform (CAS RN 67-66-3) ; Dichloromethane (CAS RN 75-09-2) ; Methyl chloride (CAS RN 74-87-3) ; Pentachloroethane (CAS RN 76-01-7) ; Tetrachloroethylene (CAS RN 127-18-4) ; Trichloroethylene (CAS RN 79-01-6) ; Vinyl chloride (CAS RN 75-01-4) ; Vinylidene chloride (CAS RN 75-35-4)
• Editor(s):
  Mehlman MA; Soffritti M; Landrigan P; Bingham E; Belpoggi F
• Federal Fiscal Year:
  2006
• Peer Reviewed:
  True
• Source Full Name:
  Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
• Collection(s):
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:c8ffa4243042ed483ddf7e09ec9686411340bf947c51484a9a0ee18e767639b28287377178257089e8959f21651c883914bffc761234c3cffbc4f054715c45fb
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/191439/cdc_191439_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 125.72 KB ]