A .gov website belongs to an official government
organization in the United States.
Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means
you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive
information only on official, secure websites.
Emerging Infectious Diseases
Emerging Infectious Diseases (EID) is a peer-reviewed, monthly journal published by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). It offers the latest scientific information on emerging infectious diseases and trends. Emerging Infectious Diseases is freely available to the public as Diamond Open Access. For more on EID, visit https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid.
During August 2007-February 2008, the novel Bundibugyo ebolavirus species was identified during an outbreak of Ebola viral hemorrhagic fever in Bundibugyo district, western Uganda. To characterize the outbreak as a requisite for determining response, we instituted a case-series investigation. We identified 192 suspected cases, of which 42 (22%) wer
...
Supporting FilesPublic Domain
Wamala, J. F., Lukwago, L., Malimbo, M., Nguku, P., Yoti, Z., Musenero, M., Amone, J., Mbabazi, W., Nanyunja, M., Zaramba, S., Opio, A., Lutwama, J. J., Talisuna, A. O., & Okware, S. I. (2010). Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever Associated with Novel Virus Strain, Uganda, 2007–2008. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/18114
Wamala, Joseph F., Luswa Lukwago, Mugagga Malimbo, Patrick Nguku, Zabulon Yoti, Monica Musenero, and Jackson Amone, et al.. Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever Associated with Novel Virus Strain, Uganda, 2007–2008. 2010. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/18114.
Wamala, Joseph F., et al. Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever Associated with Novel Virus Strain, Uganda, 2007–2008. 2010, Stacks. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/18114.
To determine the prevalence of vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis (VAPP) in immunodeficient infants, we reviewed all documented cases caused by immunodeficiency-associated vaccine-derived polioviruses in Iran from 1995 through 2008. Changing to an inactivated polio vaccine vaccination schedule and introduction of screening of neonates for i
...
Supporting FilesPublic Domain
Shahmahmoodi, S., Mamishi, S., Aghamohammadi, A., Aghazadeh, N., Tabatabaie, H., Gooya, M. M., Zahraei, S. M., Mousavi, T., Yousefi, M., Farrokhi, K., Mohammadpour, M., Ashrafi, M. R., Nategh, R., & Parvaneh, N. (2010). Vaccine-associated Paralytic Poliomyelitis in Immunodeficient Children, Iran, 1995–2008. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/18130
Shahmahmoodi, Shohreh, Setareh Mamishi, Asghar Aghamohammadi, Nessa Aghazadeh, Hamideh Tabatabaie, Mohammad Mehdi Gooya, and Seyed Mohsen Zahraei, et al.. Vaccine-associated Paralytic Poliomyelitis in Immunodeficient Children, Iran, 1995–2008. 2010. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/18130.
Shahmahmoodi, Shohreh, et al. Vaccine-associated Paralytic Poliomyelitis in Immunodeficient Children, Iran, 1995–2008. 2010, Stacks. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/18130.
BackgroundWe investigated the impact of antimicrobials in cervicovaginal lavage (CVL) from HIV(+) and HIV(−) women on target cell infection with HIV. Since female reproductive tract (FRT) secretions contain a spectrum of antimicrobials, we hypothesized that CVL from healthy HIV(+) and (−) women inhibit HIV infection.Methodology/Principal FindingsCV
...
Supporting Files
Ghosh, M., Fahey, J. V., Shen, Z., Lahey, T., Cu-Uvin, S., Wu, Z., Mayer, K., Wright, P. F., Kappes, J. C., Ochsenbauer, C., & Wira, C. R. (2010). Anti-HIV Activity in Cervical-Vaginal Secretions from HIV-Positive and -Negative Women Correlate with Innate Antimicrobial Levels and IgG Antibodies. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0011366
Ghosh, Mimi, John V. Fahey, Zheng Shen, Timothy Lahey, Susan Cu-Uvin, Zhijin Wu, and Kenneth Mayer, et al.. Anti-HIV Activity in Cervical-Vaginal Secretions from HIV-Positive and -Negative Women Correlate with Innate Antimicrobial Levels and IgG Antibodies. 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0011366.
Ghosh, Mimi, et al. Anti-HIV Activity in Cervical-Vaginal Secretions from HIV-Positive and -Negative Women Correlate with Innate Antimicrobial Levels and IgG Antibodies. 2010, Stacks. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0011366.
BackgroundNearly 45% of people living at risk for lymphatic filariasis (LF) worldwide live in India. India has faced challenges obtaining the needed levels of compliance with its mass drug administration (MDA) program to interrupt LF transmission, which utilizes diethylcarbamazine (DEC) or DEC plus albendazole. Previously identified predictors of a
...
Supporting FilesPublic Domain
Cantey, P. T., Rout, J., Rao, G., Williamson, J., & Fox, L. M. (2010). Increasing Compliance with Mass Drug Administration Programs for Lymphatic Filariasis in India through Education and Lymphedema Management Programs. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/4234
Cantey, Paul T., Jonathan Rout, Grace Rao, John Williamson, and LeAnne M. Fox. Increasing Compliance with Mass Drug Administration Programs for Lymphatic Filariasis in India through Education and Lymphedema Management Programs. 2010. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/4234.
Cantey, Paul T., et al. Increasing Compliance with Mass Drug Administration Programs for Lymphatic Filariasis in India through Education and Lymphedema Management Programs. 2010, Stacks. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/4234.
BackgroundMany complex and subtle aspects relating to mothers and food choice are not well understood. Mothers play a primary role in their children's food choices, but research has not specifically examined how matrilineal family members who do not reside in the same household, such as a mother's mother, aunt, or grandmother, influence the current
...
Supporting Files
Johnson, C. M., Sharkey, J. R., McIntosh, A. W., & Dean, W. R. (2010). "I'm the Momma": Using photo-elicitation to understand matrilineal influence on family food choice. Preventing Chronic Disease (PCD), 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1472-6874-10-21
Johnson, Cassandra M, Joseph R Sharkey, Alex W McIntosh, and Wesley R Dean. ""I'm the Momma": Using photo-elicitation to understand matrilineal influence on family food choice." Preventing Chronic Disease (PCD) 10 (2010). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1472-6874-10-21.
Johnson, Cassandra M, et al. ""I'm the Momma": Using photo-elicitation to understand matrilineal influence on family food choice." Preventing Chronic Disease (PCD), vol. 10, 2010. Stacks. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1472-6874-10-21.
BackgroundPhysicians are encouraged to counsel obese patients to lose weight, but studies measuring the quality of physicians' counseling are rare. We sought to describe the quality of physicians' obesity counseling and to determine associations between the quality of counseling and obese patients' motivation and intentions to lose weight, key pred
...
Supporting Files
Jay, M., Gillespie, C., Schlair, S., Sherman, S., & Kalet, A. (2010). Physicians' use of the 5As in counseling obese patients: is the quality of counseling associated with patients' motivation and intention to lose weight?. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1472-6963-10-159
Jay, Melanie, Colleen Gillespie, Sheira Schlair, Scott Sherman, and Adina Kalet. Physicians' use of the 5As in counseling obese patients: is the quality of counseling associated with patients' motivation and intention to lose weight?. 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1472-6963-10-159.
Jay, Melanie, et al. Physicians' use of the 5As in counseling obese patients: is the quality of counseling associated with patients' motivation and intention to lose weight?. 2010, Stacks. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1472-6963-10-159.
Understanding the genetic basis of adaptation is a central problem in biology. However, revealing the underlying molecular mechanisms has been challenging as changes in fitness may result from perturbations to many pathways, any of which may contribute relatively little. We have developed a combined experimental/computational framework to address t
...
Supporting Files
Goodarzi, H., Bennett, B. D., Amini, S., Reaves, M. L., Hottes, A. K., Rabinowitz, J. D., & Tavazoie, S. (2010). Regulatory and metabolic rewiring during laboratory evolution of ethanol tolerance in E. coli. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/msb.2010.33
Goodarzi, Hani, Bryson D Bennett, Sasan Amini, Marshall L Reaves, Alison K Hottes, Joshua D Rabinowitz, and Saeed Tavazoie. Regulatory and metabolic rewiring during laboratory evolution of ethanol tolerance in E. coli. 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/msb.2010.33.
Goodarzi, Hani, et al. Regulatory and metabolic rewiring during laboratory evolution of ethanol tolerance in E. coli. 2010, Stacks. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/msb.2010.33.
BackgroundVertebral osteomyelitis is a common manifestation of osteomyelitis in adults and associated with considerable morbidity. Limited data exist regarding hematogenous vertebral osteomyelitis. Our objective was to describe the epidemiology and management of hematogenous vertebral osteomyelitis.MethodsWe performed a 2-year retrospective cohort
...
Supporting Files
Bhavan, K. P., Marschall, J., Olsen, M. A., Fraser, V. J., Wright, N. M., & Warren, D. K. (2010). The Epidemiology of Hematogenous Vertebral Osteomyelitis: A Cohort Study in a Tertiary Care Hospital. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2334-10-158
Bhavan, Kavita P, Jonas Marschall, Margaret A Olsen, Victoria J Fraser, Neill M Wright, and David K Warren. The Epidemiology of Hematogenous Vertebral Osteomyelitis: A Cohort Study in a Tertiary Care Hospital. 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2334-10-158.
Bhavan, Kavita P, et al. The Epidemiology of Hematogenous Vertebral Osteomyelitis: A Cohort Study in a Tertiary Care Hospital. 2010, Stacks. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2334-10-158.
BackgroundThe efficacy of physical activity in improving cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk profiles has been well established. However, the effectiveness of health promotion programs implemented at the community level remains controversial. This study evaluated a school-based work-site physical activity program.MethodsUsing a community-based partic
...
Supporting Files
Farag, N. H., Moore, W. E., Thompson, D. M., Kobza, C. E., Abbott, K., & Eichner, J. E. (2010). Evaluation of a community-based participatory physical activity promotion project: effect on cardiovascular disease risk profiles of school employees. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-10-313
Farag, Noha H, William E Moore, David M Thompson, Cee E Kobza, Kathryn Abbott, and June E Eichner. Evaluation of a community-based participatory physical activity promotion project: effect on cardiovascular disease risk profiles of school employees. 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-10-313.
Farag, Noha H, et al. Evaluation of a community-based participatory physical activity promotion project: effect on cardiovascular disease risk profiles of school employees. 2010, Stacks. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-10-313.
Encephalitis is a major cause of death worldwide. Although >100 pathogens have been identified as causative agents, the pathogen is not determined for up to 75% of cases. This diagnostic failure impedes effective treatment and underscores the need for better tools and new approaches for detecting novel pathogens or determining new manifestations of
...
Supporting Files
Quan, P. L., Wagner, T. A., Briese, T., Torgerson, T. R., Hornig, M., Tashmukhamedova, A., Firth, C., Palacios, G., Baisre-De-Leon, A., Paddock, C. D., Hutchison, S. K., Egholm, M., Zaki, S. R., Goldman, J. E., Ochs, H. D., & Lipkin, W. I. (2010). Astrovirus Encephalitis in Boy with X-linked Agammaglobulinemia. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1606.091536
Quan, Phenix-Lan, Thor A. Wagner, Thomas Briese, Troy R. Torgerson, Mady Hornig, Alla Tashmukhamedova, and Cadhla Firth, et al.. Astrovirus Encephalitis in Boy with X-linked Agammaglobulinemia. 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1606.091536.
Dürrwald, R., Krumbholz, A., Baumgarte, S., Schlegel, M., Vahlenkamp, T. W., Selbitz, H. J., Wutzler, P., & Zell, R. (2010). Swine Influenza A Vaccines, Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 Virus, and Cross-Reactivity. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/18234
Dürrwald, Ralf, Andi Krumbholz, Sigrid Baumgarte, Michael Schlegel, Thomas W. Vahlenkamp, Hans-Joachim Selbitz, Peter Wutzler, and Roland Zell. Swine Influenza A Vaccines, Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 Virus, and Cross-Reactivity. 2010. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/18234.
Dürrwald, Ralf, et al. Swine Influenza A Vaccines, Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 Virus, and Cross-Reactivity. 2010, Stacks. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/18234.
We isolated arenavirus RNA from white-toothed woodrats (Neotoma leucodon) captured in a region of Mexico in which woodrats are food for humans. Analyses of nucleotide and amino acid sequence data indicated that the woodrats were infected with a novel Tacaribe serocomplex virus, proposed name Real de Catorce virus.
Supporting FilesPublic Domain
Inizan, C. C., Cajimat, M. N. B., Milazzo, M. L., Barragán-Gomez, A., Bradley, R. D., & Fulhorst, C. F. (2010). Genetic Evidence for a Tacaribe Serocomplex Virus, Mexico. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/18140
Inizan, Catherine C., Maria N. B. Cajimat, Mary Louise Milazzo, Artemio Barragán-Gomez, Robert D. Bradley, and Charles F. Fulhorst. Genetic Evidence for a Tacaribe Serocomplex Virus, Mexico. 2010. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/18140.
To detect orthopoxvirus in the Brazilian Amazon, we conducted a serosurvey of 344 wild animals. Neutralizing antibodies against orthopoxvirus were detected by plaque-reduction neutralizing tests in 84 serum samples. Amplicons from 6 monkey samples were sequenced. These amplicons identified vaccinia virus genetically similar to strains from bovine v
...
Supporting FilesPublic Domain
Abrahão, J. S., Silva-Fernandes, A. T., Lima, L. S., Campos, R. K., Guedes, M. I., Cota, M. M., Assis, F. L., Borges, I. A., Souza-Júnior, M. F., Lobato, Z. I., Bonjardim, C. A., Ferreira, P. C., Trindade, G. S., & Kroon, E. G. (2010). Vaccinia Virus Infection in Monkeys, Brazilian Amazon. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/18049
Abrahão, Jônatas S., André T. Silva-Fernandes, Larissa S. Lima, Rafael K. Campos, Maria I.M.C. Guedes, Marcela M.G. Cota, and Felipe L. Assis, et al.. Vaccinia Virus Infection in Monkeys, Brazilian Amazon. 2010. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/18049.
To define the prevalence of pilus islet 2 (PI-2)-encoded pili in Streptococcus pneumoniae in a geographically defined area, we examined 590 S. pneumoniae isolates from population-based surveillance of invasive pneumococcal disease in Atlanta, Georgia, USA, 1994-2006. In 2006, PI-2 was present in 21% of all invasive isolates, including serotypes 1 (
...
Supporting FilesPublic Domain
Zähner, D., Gudlavalleti, A., & Stephens, D. S. (2010). Increase in Pilus Islet 2–encoded Pili among Streptococcus pneumoniae Isolates, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/18175
Zähner, Dorothea, Aditya Gudlavalleti, and David S. Stephens. Increase in Pilus Islet 2–encoded Pili among Streptococcus pneumoniae Isolates, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. 2010. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/18175.
Zähner, Dorothea, et al. Increase in Pilus Islet 2–encoded Pili among Streptococcus pneumoniae Isolates, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. 2010, Stacks. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/18175.
Xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related gammaretrovirus (XMRV) has been recently associated with prostate cancer and chronic fatigue syndrome. To identify nucleic acid sequences, we examined respiratory secretions by using PCR. XMRV-specific sequences were detected in 2%-3% of samples from 168 immunocompetent carriers and approximately 10% of samp
...
Supporting FilesPublic Domain
Fischer, N., Schulz, C., Stieler, K., Hohn, O., Lange, C., Drosten, C., & Aepfelbacher, M. (2010). Xenotropic Murine Leukemia Virus–related Gammaretrovirus in Respiratory Tract. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/18216
Fischer, Nicole, Claudia Schulz, Kristin Stieler, Oliver Hohn, Christoph Lange, Christian Drosten, and Martin Aepfelbacher. Xenotropic Murine Leukemia Virus–related Gammaretrovirus in Respiratory Tract. 2010. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/18216.
Fischer, Nicole, et al. Xenotropic Murine Leukemia Virus–related Gammaretrovirus in Respiratory Tract. 2010, Stacks. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/18216.
Adalja, Amesh A. and Donald A. (Donald Ainslie), 1928-2016. Henderson. Original Antigenic Sin and Pandemic (H1N1) 2009. 2010. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/18142.
Adalja, Amesh A., and Donald A. (Donald Ainslie), 1928-2016. Henderson Original Antigenic Sin and Pandemic (H1N1) 2009. 2010, Stacks. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/18142.
To determine the epidemiology of human herpesvirus type 8 (HHV-8) among non-Amazonian native populations, we conducted a cross-sectional study in Brazil, Bolivia, and Paraguay. Our data show striking ethnic and geographic variations in the distribution of HHV-8 seroprevalences in Amazonian (77%) and non-Amazonian native populations (range 0%-83%).
Supporting FilesPublic Domain
Souza, V. A. U. F., Salzano, F. M., Petzl-Erler, M. L., Nascimento, M. C., Mayaud, P., Borges, J. D., & Pannuti, C. S. (2010). Variations in Human Herpesvirus Type 8 Seroprevalence in Native Americans, South America. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/18006
Souza, Vanda A. U. F., Francisco M. Salzano, Maria Luiza Petzl-Erler, Maria Claudia Nascimento, Philippe Mayaud, Jaila Dias Borges, and Claudio S. Pannuti. Variations in Human Herpesvirus Type 8 Seroprevalence in Native Americans, South America. 2010. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/18006.
Souza, Vanda A. U. F., et al. Variations in Human Herpesvirus Type 8 Seroprevalence in Native Americans, South America. 2010, Stacks. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/18006.
Links with this icon indicate that you are leaving the CDC website.
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
cannot attest to the accuracy of a non-federal website.
Linking to a non-federal Website does not constitute an
endorsement by CDC or any of its employees of the sponsors or the
information and products presented on the website.
You will be subject to the destination website's privacy
policy when you follow the link.
CDC is not responsible for Section 508 compliance
(accessibility) on other federal or private websites.
For more information on CDC's web notification policies, see Website Disclaimers.