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Emerging Infectious Diseases

CDC Stacks Public Health Publications

Emerging Infectious Diseases (EID) is a peer-reviewed, monthly journal published by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). It offers the latest scientific information on emerging infectious diseases and trends. Emerging Infectious Diseases is freely available to the public as Diamond Open Access. For more on EID, visit https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid.

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Showing 11601 - 11620 of 12472 results
  • West Nile virus outbreak among horses in New York State 1999 and 2000
    West Nile virus outbreak among horses in New York State, 1999 and 2000.
    Trock, S. C. ;
    Meade, B. J.
    2001 Jul-Aug | Emerg Infect Dis. 7(4):745-747.
    West Nile (WN) virus was identified in the Western Hemisphere in 1999. Along with human encephalitis cases, 20 equine cases of WN virus were detected in 1999 and 23 equine cases in 2000 in New York. During both years, the equine cases occurred after human cases in New York had been identified.
    Supporting Files Public Domain
  • Rapid determination of HLA B07 ligands from the West Nile virus NY99 genome
    Rapid determination of HLA B*07 ligands from the West Nile virus NY99 genome.
    De Groot, A. S. ;
    Saint-Aubin, C.
    2001 Jul-Aug | Emerg Infect Dis. 7(4):706-713.
    Defined T cell epitopes for West Nile (WN) virus may be useful for developing subunit vaccines against WN virus infection and diagnostic reagents to detect WN virus-specific immune response. We applied a bioinformatics (EpiMatrix) approach to search the WN virus NY99 genome for HLA B*07 restricted cytotoxic T cell (CTL) epitopes. Ninety-five of 3,4 ...
    Supporting Files Public Domain
  • Dead bird surveillance as an early warning system for West Nile virus
    Dead bird surveillance as an early warning system for West Nile virus.
    Eidson, M. ;
    Kramer, L.
    2001 Jul-Aug | Emerg Infect Dis. 7(4):631-635.
    As part of West Nile (WN) virus surveillance in New York State in 2000, 71,332 ill or dead birds were reported; 17,571 (24.6%) of these were American Crows. Of 3,976 dead birds tested, 1,263 (31.8%) were positive for WN virus. Viral activity was first confirmed in 60 of the state's 62 counties with WN virus-positive dead birds. Pathologic findings ...
    Supporting Files Public Domain
  • West Nile virus infection in mosquitoes birds horses and humans Staten Island New York 2000
    West Nile virus infection in mosquitoes, birds, horses, and humans, Staten Island, New York, 2000.
    Kulasekera, V. L. ;
    Kramer, L.
    2001 Jul-Aug | Emerg Infect Dis. 7(4):722-725.
    West Nile (WN) virus transmission in the United States during 2000 was most intense on Staten Island, New York, where 10 neurologic illnesses among humans and 2 among horses occurred. WN virus was isolated from Aedes vexans, Culex pipiens, Cx. salinarius, Ochlerotatus triseriatus, and Psorophora ferox, and WN viral RNA was detected in Anopheles pun ...
    Supporting Files Public Domain
  • Dead crow densities and human cases of West Nile virus New York State 2000
    Dead crow densities and human cases of West Nile virus, New York State, 2000.
    Eidson, M. ;
    Miller, J.
    2001 Jul-Aug | Emerg Infect Dis. 7(4):662-664.
    In 2000, Staten Island, New York, reported 10 human West Nile virus cases and high densities of dead crows. Surrounding counties with <2 human cases had moderate dead crow densities, and upstate counties with no human cases had low dead crow densities. Monitoring such densities may be helpful because this factor may be determined without the delays ...
    Supporting Files Public Domain
  • Clinical characteristics of the West Nile fever outbreak Israel 2000
    Clinical characteristics of the West Nile fever outbreak, Israel, 2000.
    Chowers, M. Y. ;
    Lang, R.
    2001 Jul-Aug | Emerg Infect Dis. 7(4):675-678.
    West Nile (WN) virus is endemic in Israel. The last reported outbreak had occurred in 1981. From August to October 2000, a large-scale epidemic of WN fever occurred in Israel; 417 cases were confirmed, with 326 hospitalizations. The main clinical presentations were encephalitis (57.9%), febrile disease (24.4%), and meningitis (15.9%). Within the st ...
    Supporting Files Public Domain
  • Isolation and characterization of West Nile virus from the blood of viremic patients during the 2000 outbreak in Israel
    Isolation and characterization of West Nile virus from the blood of viremic patients during the 2000 outbreak in Israel.
    Hindiyeh, M. ;
    Shulman, L. M.
    2001 Jul-Aug | Emerg Infect Dis. 7(4):748-750.
    We report the isolation of West Nile (WN) virus from four patient serum samples submitted for diagnosis during an outbreak of WN fever in Israel in 2000. Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis revealed two lineages, one closely related to a 1999 New York isolate and the other to a 1999 Russian isolate.
    Supporting Files Public Domain
  • Enteric fever treatment failures a global concern
    Enteric fever treatment failures: a global concern.
    Chandel, D. S. ;
    Chaudhry, R.
    2001 Jul-Aug | Emerg Infect Dis. 7(4):762-763.
    No Description
    Supporting Files Public Domain
  • Mosquito surveillance and polymerase chain reaction detection of West Nile virus New York State
    Mosquito surveillance and polymerase chain reaction detection of West Nile virus, New York State.
    White, D. J. ;
    Kramer, L. D.
    2001 Jul-Aug | Emerg Infect Dis. 7(4):643-649.
    West Nile (WN) virus was detected in the metropolitan New York City (NYC) area during the summer and fall of 1999. Sixty-two human cases, 7 fatal, were documented. The New York State Department of Health initiated a departmental effort to implement a statewide mosquito and virus surveillance system. During the 2000 arbovirus surveillance season, we ...
    Supporting Files Public Domain
  • Mosquito surveillance for West Nile virus in Connecticut 2000 isolation from Culex pipiens Cx restuans Cx salinarius and Culiseta melanura
    Mosquito surveillance for West Nile virus in Connecticut, 2000: isolation from Culex pipiens, Cx. restuans, Cx. salinarius, and Culiseta melanura.
    Andreadis, T. G. ;
    Anderson, J. F.
    2001 Jul-Aug | Emerg Infect Dis. 7(4):670-674.
    Fourteen isolations of West Nile (WN) virus were obtained from four mosquito species (Culex pipiens [5], Cx. restuans [4], Cx. salinarius [2], and Culiseta melanura [3]) in statewide surveillance conducted from June through October 2000. Most isolates were obtained from mosquitoes collected in densely populated residential locales in Fairfield and ...
    Supporting Files Public Domain
  • Fatal encephalitis and myocarditis in young domestic geese Anser anser domesticus caused by West Nile virus
    Fatal encephalitis and myocarditis in young domestic geese (Anser anser domesticus) caused by West Nile virus.
    Swayne, D. E. ;
    Beck, J. R.
    2001 Jul-Aug | Emerg Infect Dis. 7(4):751-753.
    During 1999 and 2000, a disease outbreak of West Nile (WN) virus occurred in humans, horses, and wild and zoological birds in the northeastern USA. In our experiments, WN virus infection of young domestic geese (Anser anser domesticus) caused depression, weight loss, torticollis, opisthotonus, and death with accompanying encephalitis and myocarditi ...
    Supporting Files Public Domain
  • West Nile outbreak in horses in southern France 2000 the return after 35 years
    West Nile outbreak in horses in southern France, 2000: the return after 35 years.
    Murgue, B. ;
    Murri, S.
    2001 Jul-Aug | Emerg Infect Dis. 7(4):692-696.
    On September 6, 2000, two cases of equine encephalitis caused by West Nile (WN) virus were reported in southern France (Hérault Province), near Camargue National Park, where a WN outbreak occurred in 1962. Through November 30, 76 cases were laboratory confirmed among 131 equines with neurologic disorders. The last confirmed case was on November 3, ...
    Supporting Files Public Domain
  • The relationships between West Nile and Kunjin viruses
    The relationships between West Nile and Kunjin viruses.
    Scherret, J. H. ;
    Poidinger, M.
    2001 Jul-Aug | Emerg Infect Dis. 7(4):697-705.
    Until recently, West Nile (WN) and Kunjin (KUN) viruses were classified as distinct types in the Flavivirus genus. However, genetic and antigenic studies on isolates of these two viruses indicate that the relationship between them is more complex. To better define this relationship, we performed sequence analyses on 32 isolates of KUN virus and 28 ...
    Supporting Files Public Domain
  • Partial genetic characterization of West Nile virus strains New York State 2000
    Partial genetic characterization of West Nile virus strains, New York State, 2000.
    Ebel, G. D. ;
    Dupuis, A. P.
    2001 Jul-Aug | Emerg Infect Dis. 7(4):650-653.
    We analyzed nucleotide sequences from the envelope gene of 11 West Nile (WN) virus strains collected in New York State during the 2000 transmission season to determine whether they differed genetically from each other and from the initial strain isolated in 1999. The complete envelope genes of these strains were amplified by reverse transcription-p ...
    Supporting Files Public Domain
  • Clinical findings of West Nile virus infection in hospitalized patients New York and New Jersey 2000
    Clinical findings of West Nile virus infection in hospitalized patients, New York and New Jersey, 2000.
    Weiss, D. ;
    Carr, D.
    2001 Jul-Aug | Emerg Infect Dis. 7(4):654-658.
    Outbreaks of West Nile (WN) virus occurred in the New York metropolitan area in 1999 and 2000. Nineteen patients diagnosed with WN infection were hospitalized in New York and New Jersey in 2000 and were included in this review. Eleven patients had encephalitis or meningoencephalitis, and eight had meningitis alone. Ages of patients ranged from 36 t ...
    Supporting Files Public Domain
  • West Nile encephalitis in Israel 1999 the New York connection
    West Nile encephalitis in Israel, 1999: the New York connection.
    Giladi, M. ;
    Metzkor-Cotter, E.
    2001 Jul-Aug | Emerg Infect Dis. 7(4):659-661.
    We describe two cases of West Nile (WN) encephalitis in a married couple in Tel Aviv, Israel, in 1999. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction performed on a brain specimen from the husband detected a WN viral strain nearly identical to avian strains recovered in Israel in 1998 (99.9% genomic sequence homology) and in New York in 1999 (99.8 ...
    Supporting Files Public Domain
  • Equine West Nile encephalitis United States
    Equine West Nile encephalitis, United States.
    Ostlund, E. N. ;
    Crom, R. L.
    2001 Jul-Aug | Emerg Infect Dis. 7(4):665-669.
    After the 1999 outbreak of West Nile (WN) encephalitis in New York horses, a case definition was developed that specified the clinical signs, coupled with laboratory test results, required to classify cases of WN encephalitis in equines as either probable or confirmed. In 2000, 60 horses from seven states met the criteria for a confirmed case. The ...
    Supporting Files Public Domain
  • Detection of North American West Nile virus in animal tissue by a reverse transcriptionnested polymerase chain reaction assay
    Detection of North American West Nile virus in animal tissue by a reverse transcription-nested polymerase chain reaction assay.
    Johnson, D. J. ;
    Ostlund, E. N.
    2001 Jul-Aug | Emerg Infect Dis. 7(4):739-741.
    A traditional single-stage reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) procedure is effective in determining West Nile (WN) virus in avian tissue and infected cell cultures. However, the procedure lacks the sensitivity to detect WN virus in equine tissue. We describe an RT-nested PCR (RT-nPCR) procedure that identifies the North Americ ...
    Supporting Files Public Domain
  • West Nile virus infection in birds and mosquitoes New York State 2000
    West Nile virus infection in birds and mosquitoes, New York State, 2000.
    Bernard, K. A. ;
    Maffei, J. G.
    2001 Jul-Aug | Emerg Infect Dis. 7(4):679-685.
    West Nile (WN) virus was found throughout New York State in 2000, with the epicenter in New York City and surrounding counties. We tested 3,403 dead birds and 9,954 mosquito pools for WN virus during the transmission season. Sixty-three avian species, representing 30 families and 14 orders, tested positive for WN virus. The highest proportion of de ...
    Supporting Files Public Domain
  • Widespread West Nile virus activity eastern United States 2000
    Widespread West Nile virus activity, eastern United States, 2000.
    Marfin, A. A. ;
    Petersen, L. R.
    2001 Jul-Aug | Emerg Infect Dis. 7(4):730-735.
    In 1999, the U.S. West Nile (WN) virus epidemic was preceded by widespread reports of avian deaths. In 2000, ArboNET, a cooperative WN virus surveillance system, was implemented to monitor the sentinel epizootic that precedes human infection. This report summarizes 2000 surveillance data, documents widespread virus activity in 2000, and demonstrate ...
    Supporting Files Public Domain
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