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Emerging Infectious Diseases
Emerging Infectious Diseases (EID) is a peer-reviewed, monthly journal published by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). It offers the latest scientific information on emerging infectious diseases and trends. Emerging Infectious Diseases is freely available to the public as Diamond Open Access. For more on EID, visit https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid.
In October 2001, an outbreak of febrile illness began in the southwest islands group of the Republic of Palau. Through October 2003, a total of 15 southwest islanders experienced fever >39.5 degrees C and abdominal distress, both lasting >7 days. Orientia tsutsugamushi, the agent of scrub typhus, was subsequently identified as the cause.
Supporting FilesPublic Domain
Durand, A. M., Kuartei, S., Togamae, I., Sengebau, M., Demma, L., Nicholson, W., & O'Leary, M. (2004). Scrub Typhus in the Republic of Palau, Micronesia. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/7797
Durand, A. Mark, Stevenson Kuartei, Ishmael Togamae, Maireng Sengebau, Linda Demma, William Nicholson, and Michael O'Leary. Scrub Typhus in the Republic of Palau, Micronesia. 2004. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/7797.
West Nile virus (WNV) is transmitted by mosquitoes and can cause illness in humans ranging from mild fever to encephalitis. In 2002, a total of 4,156 WNV cases were reported in the United States; 329 were in Louisiana. To estimate the economic impact of the 2002 WNV epidemic in Louisiana, we collected data from hospitals, a patient questionnaire, a
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Supporting FilesPublic Domain
Zohrabian, A., Meltzer, M. I., Ratard, R., Billah, K., Molinari, N. A., Roy, K., Scott, R. D., & Petersen, L. R. (2004). West Nile Virus Economic Impact, Louisiana, 2002. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/7770
Zohrabian, Armineh, Martin I. Meltzer, Raoult Ratard, Kaafee Billah, Noelle A. Molinari, Kakoli Roy, R. Douglas Scott, and Lyle R. Petersen. West Nile Virus Economic Impact, Louisiana, 2002. 2004. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/7770.
Rice, E. W., Rose, L. J., Johnson, C. H., Boczek, L. A., Arduino, M. J., & Reasoner, D. J. (2004). Boiling and Bacillus Spores. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/7790
Rice, Eugene W., Laura J. Rose, Clifford H. Johnson, Laura A. Boczek, Matthew J. Arduino, and Donald J. Reasoner. Boiling and Bacillus Spores. 2004. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/7790.
Mycobacterium triplex, a recently described, potentially pathogenic species, caused disease primarily in immunocompromised patients. We report a case of pulmonary infection due to this mycobacterium in an immunocompetent patient and review the characteristics of two other cases. In our experience, Mycobacterium triplex pulmonary infection is unresp
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Supporting FilesPublic Domain
Piersimoni, C., Zitti, P., Mazzarelli, G., Mariottini, A., Nista, D., & Zallocco, D. (2004). Mycobacterium triplex Pulmonary Disease in Immunocompetent Host. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/14626
Piersimoni, Claudio, Piergiorgio Zitti, Gianna Mazzarelli, Alessandro Mariottini, Domenico Nista, and Diego Zallocco. Mycobacterium triplex Pulmonary Disease in Immunocompetent Host. 2004. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/14626.
Ekkelenkamp, M. B., de Jong, W., Hustinx, W., & Thijsen, S. (2004). Streptomyces thermovulgaris Bacteremia in Crohn's Disease Patient. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/14647
Ekkelenkamp, Miquel Bart, Wilma de Jong, Willem Hustinx, and Steven Thijsen. Streptomyces thermovulgaris Bacteremia in Crohn's Disease Patient. 2004. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/14647.
Ekkelenkamp, Miquel Bart, et al. Streptomyces thermovulgaris Bacteremia in Crohn's Disease Patient. 2004, Stacks. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/14647.
Chen, Yee-Chun, Ming-Fong Chen, Shuen-Zen Liu, James C. Romeis, and Yuan-Teh Lee. SARS in Teaching Hospital, Taiwan. 2004. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/14654.
Escherichia coli strains of nonenteropathogenic serogroups carrying eae but lacking the enteropathogenic E. coli adherence factor plasmid and Shiga toxin DNA probe sequences were isolated from patients (children, adults, and AIDS patients) with and without diarrhea in Brazil. Although diverse in phenotype and genotype, some strains are potentially
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Supporting FilesPublic Domain
Gomes, T. A., Irino, K., Girão, D. M., Girão, V. B., Guth, B. E., Vaz, T. M., Moreira, F. C., Chinarelli, S. H., & Vieira, M. A. (2004). Emerging Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli Strains?. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/14570
Gomes, Tânia A.T., Kinue Irino, Dennys M. Girão, Valéria B.C. Girão, Beatriz E.C. Guth, Tânia M.I. Vaz, Fabiana C. Moreira, Silvia H. Chinarelli, and Mônica A.M. Vieira. Emerging Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli Strains?. 2004. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/14570.
A Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis epidemic in the United States began in 1978, spread to much of the country in the following decade, and began declining in 1996. We examined correlations between annual changes in S. Enteritidis incidence in humans and introductions of egg quality assurance programs (EQAPs) in some states to reduce S. Enter
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Supporting FilesPublic Domain
Mumma, G. A., Griffin, P. M., Meltzer, M. I., Braden, C. R., & Tauxe, R. V. (2004). Egg Quality Assurance Programs and Egg-associated Salmonella Enteritidis Infections, United States. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/7791
Mumma, Gerald A., Patricia M. Griffin, Martin I. Meltzer, Chris R. Braden, and Robert V. Tauxe. Egg Quality Assurance Programs and Egg-associated Salmonella Enteritidis Infections, United States. 2004. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/7791.
Mumma, Gerald A., et al. Egg Quality Assurance Programs and Egg-associated Salmonella Enteritidis Infections, United States. 2004, Stacks. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/7791.
A systematic review was conducted to examine the associations in Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP) patients between dihydropteroate synthase (DHPS) mutations and sulfa or sulfone (sulfa) prophylaxis and between DHPS mutations and sulfa treatment outcome. Selection criteria included study populations composed entirely of PCP patients and mutati
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Supporting FilesPublic Domain
Stein, C. R., Poole, C., Kazanjian, P., & Meshnick, S. R. (2004). Sulfa Use, Dihydropteroate Synthase Mutations, and Pneumocystis jirovecii Pneumonia. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/14656
Stein, Cheryl R., Charles Poole, Powel Kazanjian, and Steven R. Meshnick. Sulfa Use, Dihydropteroate Synthase Mutations, and Pneumocystis jirovecii Pneumonia. 2004. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/14656.
Stein, Cheryl R., et al. Sulfa Use, Dihydropteroate Synthase Mutations, and Pneumocystis jirovecii Pneumonia. 2004, Stacks. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/14656.
Recent transmission of dengue viruses has increased in tropical and subtropical areas and in industrialized countries because of international travel. We describe a case of nosocomial transmission of dengue virus in Germany by a needlestick injury. Diagnosis was made by TaqMan reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction when serologic studies w
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Supporting FilesPublic Domain
Wagner, D., de With, K., Huzly, D., Hufert, F., Weidmann, M., Breisinger, S., Eppinger, S., Kern, W. V., & Bauer, T. M. (2004). Nosocomial Acquisition of Dengue. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/14561
Wagner, Dirk, Katja de With, Daniela Huzly, Frank Hufert, Manfred Weidmann, Susanne Breisinger, Sabine Eppinger, Winfried Vinzent Kern, and Tilman Martin Bauer. Nosocomial Acquisition of Dengue. 2004. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/14561.
We report two laboratory-acquired Brucella melitensis infections that were shown to be epidemiologically related. Blood culture isolates were initially misidentified because of variable Gram stain results, which led to misdiagnoses and subsequent laboratory exposures. Notifying laboratory personnel who unknowingly processed cultures from brucellosi
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Supporting FilesPublic Domain
Noviello, S., Gallo, R., Kelly, M., Limberger, R. J., DeAngelis, K., Cain, L., Wallace, B., & Dumas, N. (2004). Laboratory-acquired Brucellosis. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/7783
Noviello, Stephanie, Richard Gallo, Molly Kelly, Ronald J. Limberger, Karen DeAngelis, Louise Cain, Barbara Wallace, and Nellie Dumas. Laboratory-acquired Brucellosis. 2004. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/7783.
Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) remains a major cause of illness and death in HIV-infected persons. Sulfa drugs, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) and dapsone are mainstays of PCP treatment and prophylaxis. While prophylaxis has reduced the incidence of PCP, its use has raised concerns about development of resistant organisms. The inability to c
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Supporting FilesPublic Domain
Huang, L., Crothers, K., Atzori, C., Benfield, T., Miller, R., Rabodonirina, M., & Helweg-Larsen, J. (2004). Dihydropteroate Synthase Gene Mutations in Pneumocystis and Sulfa Resistance. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/14546
Huang, Laurence, Kristina Crothers, Chiara Atzori, Thomas Benfield, Robert Miller, Meja Rabodonirina, and Jannik Helweg-Larsen. Dihydropteroate Synthase Gene Mutations in Pneumocystis and Sulfa Resistance. 2004. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/14546.
Huang, Laurence, et al. Dihydropteroate Synthase Gene Mutations in Pneumocystis and Sulfa Resistance. 2004, Stacks. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/14546.
Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is caused by a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV). In a longitudinal cross-sectional study, we determined the prevalence of virus in bodily excretions and time of seroconversion in discharged patients with SARS. Conjunctival, throat, stool, and urine specimens were collected weekly from 64 patients and tested for
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Supporting FilesPublic Domain
Leong, H. N., Chan, K. P., Khan, A. S., Oon, L., Se-Thoe, S. Y., Bai, X. L., Yeo, D., Leo, Y. S., Ang, B., Ksiazek, T. G., & Ling, A. E. (2004). Virus-specific RNA and Antibody from Convalescent-phase SARS Patients Discharged from Hospital. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/14583
Leong, Hoe Nam, Kwai Peng Chan, Ali S. Khan, Lynette Oon, Su Yun Se-Thoe, Xin Lai Bai, and Daniel Yeo, et al.. Virus-specific RNA and Antibody from Convalescent-phase SARS Patients Discharged from Hospital. 2004. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/14583.
Leong, Hoe Nam, et al. Virus-specific RNA and Antibody from Convalescent-phase SARS Patients Discharged from Hospital. 2004, Stacks. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/14583.
Independent risk factors for campylobacteriosis (eating raw, rare, or undercooked poultry; consuming raw milk or raw milk products; and eating chicken or turkey in a commercial establishment) account for <50% of cases in Quebec. Substantial regional and seasonal variations in campylobacteriosis were not correlated with campylobacter in chickens and suggested environmental sources of infection, such as drinking water.
Clusters of meningococcal disease caused by a hyperinvasive lineage of Neisseria meningitidis, the ST11 complex, bearing a serogroup C polysaccharide capsule, have been prominent in Europe and North America since the early 1990s. This situation has led to expensive public health measures for outbreak control and, finally, to the introduction of a s
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Supporting FilesPublic Domain
Pollard, A. J., Ochnio, J., Ho, M., Callaghan, M., Bigham, M., & Dobson, S. (2004). Disease Susceptibility to ST11 Complex Meningococci Bearing Serogroup C or W135 Polysaccharide Capsules, North America1. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/14650
Pollard, Andrew J., Jan Ochnio, Margaret Ho, Martin Callaghan, Mark Bigham, and Simon Dobson. Disease Susceptibility to ST11 Complex Meningococci Bearing Serogroup C or W135 Polysaccharide Capsules, North America1. 2004. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/14650.
Pollard, Andrew J., et al. Disease Susceptibility to ST11 Complex Meningococci Bearing Serogroup C or W135 Polysaccharide Capsules, North America1. 2004, Stacks. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/14650.
Ten Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP) cases were diagnosed in renal transplant recipients (RTRs) during a 3-year period. Nosocomial transmission from HIV-positive patients with PCP was suspected because these patients shared the same hospital building, were not isolated, and were receiving suboptimal anti-PCP prophylaxis or none. P. jirovecii
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Supporting FilesPublic Domain
Rabodonirina, M., Vanhems, P., Couray-Targe, S., Gillibert, R. P., Ganne, C., Nizard, N., Colin, C., Fabry, J., Touraine, J. L., van Melle, G., Nahimana, A., Francioli, P., & Hauser, P. M. (2004). Molecular Evidence of Interhuman Transmission of Pneumocystis Pneumonia among Renal Transplant Recipients Hospitalized with HIV-Infected Patients. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/14672
Rabodonirina, Meja, Philippe Vanhems, Sandrine Couray-Targe, René-Pierre Gillibert, Christell Ganne, Nathalie Nizard, and Cyrille Colin, et al.. Molecular Evidence of Interhuman Transmission of Pneumocystis Pneumonia among Renal Transplant Recipients Hospitalized with HIV-Infected Patients. 2004. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/14672.
Rabodonirina, Meja, et al. Molecular Evidence of Interhuman Transmission of Pneumocystis Pneumonia among Renal Transplant Recipients Hospitalized with HIV-Infected Patients. 2004, Stacks. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/14672.
From February to October 2003, Mycobacterium goodii wound infections were identified among three patients who received surgical implants at a Colorado hospital. This report summarizes the investigation of the first reported nosocomial outbreak of M. goodii. Increased awareness is needed about the potential for nontuberculous mycobacteria to cause p
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Supporting Files
Ferguson, D. D., Gershman, K., Jensen, B., Arduino, M. J., Yakrus, M. A., Cooksey, R. C., & Srinivasan, A. (2004). Mycobacterium goodii Infections Associated with Surgical Implants at Colorado Hospital. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1010.040402
Ferguson, Dayna Devon, Ken Gershman, Bette Jensen, Matthew J. Arduino, Mitchell A. Yakrus, Robert C. Cooksey, and Arjun Srinivasan. Mycobacterium goodii Infections Associated with Surgical Implants at Colorado Hospital. 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1010.040402.
Ferguson, Dayna Devon, et al. Mycobacterium goodii Infections Associated with Surgical Implants at Colorado Hospital. 2004, Stacks. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1010.040402.
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