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Emerging Infectious Diseases
Emerging Infectious Diseases (EID) is a peer-reviewed, monthly journal published by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). It offers the latest scientific information on emerging infectious diseases and trends. Emerging Infectious Diseases is freely available to the public as Diamond Open Access. For more on EID, visit https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid.
From July to September 2002, an outbreak of West Nile virus (WNV) caused a high number of deaths in captive owls at the Owl Foundation, Vineland, Ontario, Canada. Peak death rates occurred in mid-August, and the epidemiologic curve resembled that of corvids in the surrounding Niagara region. The outbreak occurred in the midst of a louse fly (Icosta
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Supporting FilesPublic Domain
Gancz, A. Y., Barker, I. K., Lindsay, R., Dibernardo, A., McKeever, K., & Hunter, B. (2004). West Nile Virus Outbreak in North American Owls, Ontario, 2002. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/14616
Gancz, Ady Y., Ian K. Barker, Robbin Lindsay, Antonia Dibernardo, Katherine McKeever, and Bruce Hunter. West Nile Virus Outbreak in North American Owls, Ontario, 2002. 2004. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/14616.
Erwin, P. C., Bemis, D. A., Mawby, D. I., McCombs, S. B., Sheeler, L. L., Himelright, I. M., Halford, S. K., Diem, L., Metchock, B., Jones, T. F., Schilling, M. G., & Thomsen, B. V. (2004). Mycobacterium tuberculosis Transmission from Human to Canine. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/7785
Erwin, Paul C., David A. Bemis, Dianne I. Mawby, Scott B. McCombs, Lorinda L. Sheeler, Inga M. Himelright, and Sandy K. Halford, et al.. Mycobacterium tuberculosis Transmission from Human to Canine. 2004. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/7785.
Parastrongylus (= Angiostrongylus) cantonensis is a parasitic nematode of Norway rats throughout tropical regions. This parasite is neurotropic and causes disease and death in humans and other mammals. We report the first identification of P. cantonensis as the cause of a debilitating neurologic disease in a captive primate in Florida.
Supporting FilesPublic Domain
Duffy, M. S., Miller, C. L., Kinsella, J. M., & de Lahunta, A. (2004). Parastrongylus cantonensis in a Nonhuman Primate, Florida. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/14649
Duffy, Michael S., Christine L. Miller, J. Michael Kinsella, and Alexander de Lahunta. Parastrongylus cantonensis in a Nonhuman Primate, Florida. 2004. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/14649.
The first reported case of tickborne encephalitis (TBE) in Norway occurred in 1997. From 1997 to 2003, from zero to two cases of human TBE have been diagnosed per year in Norway, for a total of eight cases. Clinical TBE cases in dogs are not reported in Norway.
Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium was isolated from a pig, a calf, and a child on a farm in the Netherlands. The isolates were indistinguishable by phenotyping and genotyping methods, which suggests nonfoodborne animal-to-animal and animal-to-human transmission. Persons in close contact with farm animals should be aware of this risk.
Supporting FilesPublic Domain
Hendriksen, S. W., Orsel, K., Wagenaar, J. A., Miko, A., & van Duijkeren, E. (2004). Animal-to-Human Transmission of Salmonella Typhimurium DT104A Variant. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/14642
Hendriksen, Susan W.M., Karin Orsel, Jaap A. Wagenaar, Angelika Miko, and Engeline van Duijkeren. Animal-to-Human Transmission of Salmonella Typhimurium DT104A Variant. 2004. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/14642.
Hendriksen, Susan W.M., et al. Animal-to-Human Transmission of Salmonella Typhimurium DT104A Variant. 2004, Stacks. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/14642.
Pretorius, A. M., Kuyl, J. M., Isherwood, D. R., & Birtles, R. J. (2004). Bartonella henselae in African Lion, South Africa. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/14565
Pretorius, Anne-Marié, Johannes M. Kuyl, Diana R. Isherwood, and Richard J. Birtles. Bartonella henselae in African Lion, South Africa. 2004. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/14565.
The complete genome sequence of a Mexican West Nile virus isolate, TM171-03, included 46 nucleotide (0.42%) and 4 amino acid (0.11%) differences from the NY99 prototype. Mouse virulence differences between plaque-purified variants of TM171-03 with mutations at the E protein glycosylation motif suggest the emergence of an attenuating mutation.
Supporting FilesPublic Domain
Beasley, D. W., Davis, C. T., Estrada-Franco, J., Navarro-Lopez, R., Campomanes-Cortes, A., Tesh, R. B., Weaver, S. C., & Barrett, A. D. (2004). Genome Sequence and Attenuating Mutations in West Nile Virus Isolate from Mexico. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/14696
Beasley, David W.C., C. Todd Davis, Jose Estrada-Franco, Roberto Navarro-Lopez, Arturo Campomanes-Cortes, Robert B. Tesh, Scott C. Weaver, and Alan D.T. Barrett. Genome Sequence and Attenuating Mutations in West Nile Virus Isolate from Mexico. 2004. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/14696.
Beasley, David W.C., et al. Genome Sequence and Attenuating Mutations in West Nile Virus Isolate from Mexico. 2004, Stacks. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/14696.
We retrospectively investigated two outbreaks of encephalitis in Meherpur and Naogaon, Bangladesh, which occurred in 2001 and 2003. We collected serum samples from persons who were ill, their household contacts, randomly selected residents, hospital workers, and various animals. Cases were classified as laboratory confirmed or probable. We identifi
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Supporting FilesPublic Domain
Hsu, V. P., Hossain, M. J., Parashar, U. D., Ali, M. M., Ksiazek, T. G., Kuzmin, I., Niezgoda, M., Rupprecht, C., Bresee, J., & Breiman, R. F. (2004). Nipah Virus Encephalitis Reemergence, Bangladesh. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/7827
Hsu, Vincent P., Mohammed Jahangir Hossain, Umesh D. Parashar, Mohammed Monsur Ali, Thomas G. Ksiazek, Ivan Kuzmin, Michael Niezgoda, Charles Rupprecht, Joseph Bresee, and Robert F. Breiman. Nipah Virus Encephalitis Reemergence, Bangladesh. 2004. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/7827.
Feral rock pigeons were screened for neutralizing antibodies to West Nile virus (WNV) during late winter/spring and summer of 2002 and 2003. Additionally, virus isolation from serum was attempted from 269 birds collected during peak transmission periods. The observed viremia levels and seroprevalence indicate that this species could be involved in
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Supporting Files
Allison, A. B., Mead, D. G., Gibbs, S. E., Hoffman, D. M., & Stallknecht, D. E. (2004). West Nile Virus Viremia in Wild Rock Pigeons. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1012.040511
Allison, Andrew B., Daniel G. Mead, Samantha E.J. Gibbs, Douglas M. Hoffman, and David E. Stallknecht. West Nile Virus Viremia in Wild Rock Pigeons. 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1012.040511.
Gundi, V. A., Bourry, O., Davoust, B., Raoult, D., & La Scola, B. (2004). Bartonella clarridgeiae and B. henselae in Dogs, Gabon. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/14655
Gundi, Vijay A.K.B., Olivier Bourry, Bernard Davoust, Didier Raoult, and Bernard La Scola. Bartonella clarridgeiae and B. henselae in Dogs, Gabon. 2004. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/14655.
We evaluated a rapid antigen-capture assay (VecTest) for detection of West Nile virus in oropharyngeal and cloacal swabs, collected at necropsy from owls (N = 93) and raptors (N = 27). Sensitivity was 93.5%-95.2% for northern owl species but <42.9% for all other species. Specificity was 100% for owls and 85.7% for raptors.
Supporting FilesPublic Domain
Gancz, A. Y., Campbell, D. G., Barker, I. K., Lindsay, R., & Hunter, B. (2004). Detecting West Nile Virus in Owls and Raptors by an Antigen-capture Assay. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/14617
Gancz, Ady Y., Douglas G. Campbell, Ian K. Barker, Robbin Lindsay, and Bruce Hunter. Detecting West Nile Virus in Owls and Raptors by an Antigen-capture Assay. 2004. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/14617.
Gancz, Ady Y., et al. Detecting West Nile Virus in Owls and Raptors by an Antigen-capture Assay. 2004, Stacks. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/14617.
We describe a case of naturally acquired infection with Plasmodium knowlesi in Thailand. Diagnosis was confirmed by the small subunit ribosomal RNA and the mitochondrial cytochrome b sequences. The occurrence of simian malaria in human has signified the roles of wild primate populations in disease transmission in some malaria-endemic areas.
A Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium outbreak was associated with a veterinary clinic. Confirmed cases were in one cat, two veterinary technicians, four persons associated with clinic patients, and a nurse not linked to the clinic. This outbreak emphasizes the importance of strong public health ties to the animal health community.
Supporting FilesPublic Domain
Cherry, B., Burns, A., Johnson, G. S., Pfeiffer, H., Dumas, N., Barrett, D., McDonough, P. L., & Eidson, M. (2004). Salmonella Typhimurium Outbreak Associated with Veterinary Clinic. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/14704
Cherry, Bryan, Amy Burns, Geraldine S. Johnson, Heidi Pfeiffer, Nellie Dumas, Donna Barrett, Patrick L. McDonough, and Millicent Eidson. Salmonella Typhimurium Outbreak Associated with Veterinary Clinic. 2004. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/14704.
Recent evidence suggests that American alligators (Alligator mississippiensis) may be capable of transmitting West Nile virus (WNV) to other alligators. We experimentally exposed 24 juvenile alligators to WNV parenterally or orally. All became infected, and all but three sustained viremia titers >5.0 log10 PFU/mL (a threshold considered infectious
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Supporting FilesPublic Domain
Klenk, K., Snow, J., Morgan, K., Bowen, R., Stephens, M., Foster, F., Gordy, P., Beckett, S., Komar, N., Gubler, D., & Bunning, M. (2004). Alligators as West Nile Virus Amplifiers. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/7794
Klenk, Kaci, Jamie Snow, Katrina Morgan, Richard Bowen, Michael Stephens, Falicia Foster, and Paul Gordy, et al.. Alligators as West Nile Virus Amplifiers. 2004. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/7794.
We describe the genetic analysis of samples from hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) patients from southern and southeastern states of Brazil and rodents captured at the presumed site of infection of these patients. A total of 65 samples that were antibody-positive for Sin Nombre or Laguna Negra virus by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were proce
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Supporting FilesPublic Domain
Suzuki, A., Bisordi, I., Levis, S., Garcia, J., Pereira, L. E., Souza, R. P., Sugahara, T. K., Pini, N., Enria, D., & Souza, L. T. (2004). Identifying Rodent Hantavirus Reservoirs, Brazil. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 10(12). https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1012.040295
Several New World hantaviruses cause hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) in the Americas. All hantaviruses that cause HPS are hosted by the rodent family Muridae, subfamily Sigmodontinae (New World rats and mice). Since the Sin Nombre virus (SNV) was documented in 1993 (1), ≈25 sigmodontine hantavirus genotypes from the Americas have been described
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Supporting FilesPublic Domain
Máttar, S., & Parra, M. (2004). Serologic Evidence of Hantavirus Infection in Humans, Colombia. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 10(12). https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1012.040821
Máttar, Salim and Miguel Parra. "Serologic Evidence of Hantavirus Infection in Humans, Colombia." Emerging Infectious Diseases 10, no. 12 (2004). https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1012.040821.
Máttar, Salim, and Miguel Parra "Serologic Evidence of Hantavirus Infection in Humans, Colombia." Emerging Infectious Diseases, vol. 10, no. 12, 2004. Stacks. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1012.040821.
The sudden appearance of chytridiomycosis, the cause of amphibian deaths and population declines in several continents, suggests that its etiologic agent, the amphibian chytrid Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, was introduced into the affected regions. However, the origin of this virulent pathogen is unknown. A survey was conducted of 697 archived sp
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Supporting FilesPublic Domain
Weldon, C., du Preez, L. H., Hyatt, A. D., Muller, R., & Speare, R. (2004). Origin of the Amphibian Chytrid Fungus. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/14508
Weldon, Ché, Louis H. du Preez, Alex D. Hyatt, Reinhold Muller, and Rick Speare. Origin of the Amphibian Chytrid Fungus. 2004. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/14508.
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