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Showing 241 - 260 of 797 results

Evaluating Dynamic Reaction Forces at Anchorages to Enhance the Safety of Mast Climbing Work Platforms

Xu, Xueyan S. ;

Warren, Christopher M.

2026/02/02 | Buildings 2026 Feb; 16(4):878 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)

Mast climbing work platforms (MCWPs) are designed to vertically access building facades and other structures to perform various construction tasks. The mast in an MCWP system is structurally considered "slender", its anchorages to the building play an important role in maintaining its stability. Failure of anchorages can affect overall structural s ...

08/10/2026

Title : Evaluating Dynamic Reaction Forces at Anchorages to Enhance the Safety of Mast Climbing Work Platforms Personal Author(s) : Xu, Xueyan S.;Warren, Christopher M.;White, Robert S.;Wu, John Z.;Villeneuve, Francois;Dong, Ren G.;Pan, Christopher S.; Published Date : 2026/02/02 Pages in Document : 19 pdf pages Source : Buildings 2026 Feb; 16(4):878 URL : https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/258748 Journal Title : Buildings
Xu, Xueyan S. et al. (2026). Evaluating Dynamic Reaction Forces at Anchorages to Enhance the Safety of Mast Climbing Work Platforms. Buildings. 16

Xu, Xueyan S. et al. "Evaluating Dynamic Reaction Forces at Anchorages to Enhance the Safety of Mast Climbing Work Platforms" Buildings 16 (2026)

Xu, Xueyan S. et al. "Evaluating Dynamic Reaction Forces at Anchorages to Enhance the Safety of Mast Climbing Work Platforms" Buildings, vol. 16, 2026
Export RIS Citation Information. TY - Journal Article AU - Xu, Xueyan S. AU - Warren, Christopher M. AU - White, Robert S. AU - Wu, John Z. AU - Villeneuve, Francois AU - Dong, Ren G. AU - Pan, Christopher S. AB - Mast climbing work platforms (MCWPs) are designed to vertically access building facades and other structures to perform various construction tasks. The mast in an MCWP system is structurally considered "slender", its anchorages to the building play an important role in maintaining its stability. Failure of anchorages can affect overall structural stability, potentially increasing the risk of the mast collapsing. The anchorages and their attachments to a construction structure are likely among the most critical components for the MCWPs. This study developed an instrumented anchorage using strain gauges to measure and understand the anchorage reaction forces and to identify the major factors for the measurement of those forces. In the experiment, a single mast work platform was used at a simulated work site. Besides the anchoring reaction forces, the vibration motions on the platform were also measured. The study found that the amount of the load on the platform, the position of the load on the platform, and the platform's vertical position on the mast may all affect the reaction forces on the anchorages. Such effects varied with the specific anchorages installed at different heights of the mast. The dynamic forces on the anchorages were correlated to the platform vibrations. AN - cdc:258748 J2 - Buildings KW - Construction Industry KW - Safety KW - Occupational Health KW - Vibration KW - Construction; Anchoring; Climbing; Structural design; Structural failure; Safety equipment; Vibration; KW - Author Keywords: anchorage dynamic reaction forces; mast climbing work platforms; structural stability KW - Construction Industry KW - Occupational Health KW - Safety KW - Vibration PY - 2026/02/02 T2 - Buildings T2 - Buildings 2026 Feb; 16(4):878 TI - Evaluating Dynamic Reaction Forces at Anchorages to Enhance the Safety of Mast Climbing Work Platforms VL - 16 UR - https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/258748 ER -
Cardiovascular Disease Among Loggers and Commercial Fishermen: A Preliminary Risk Assessment

Geraghty, Eamon ;

Milkovich, Pamela J.

2026/03/11 | J Agromedicine 2026 Mar; :Epub ahead of print | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)

Objectives: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death globally, and suitable interventions are needed for prevention. Certain occupations can create barriers to accessing healthcare while also being a driving force behind lifestyle behaviors that increase risk of CVD. This study analyzed the Framingham 10-year risk for developing c ...

08/10/2026

Title : Cardiovascular Disease Among Loggers and Commercial Fishermen: A Preliminary Risk Assessment Personal Author(s) : Geraghty, Eamon;Milkovich, Pamela J.;Scott, Eriks;Roome, Mandy;Krupa, Nicole L.;Jenkins, Paul L.; Published Date : 2026/03/11 Pages in Document : 10 pdf pages Source : J Agromedicine 2026 Mar; :[Epub ahead of print] URL : https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/258747 Journal Title : Journal of Agromedicine
Geraghty, Eamon et al. (2026). Cardiovascular Disease Among Loggers and Commercial Fishermen: A Preliminary Risk Assessment. Journal of Agromedicine.

Geraghty, Eamon et al. "Cardiovascular Disease Among Loggers and Commercial Fishermen: A Preliminary Risk Assessment" Journal of Agromedicine (2026)

Geraghty, Eamon et al. "Cardiovascular Disease Among Loggers and Commercial Fishermen: A Preliminary Risk Assessment" Journal of Agromedicine, , 2026
Export RIS Citation Information. TY - Journal Article AU - Geraghty, Eamon AU - Milkovich, Pamela J. AU - Scott, Eriks AU - Roome, Mandy AU - Krupa, Nicole L. AU - Jenkins, Paul L. AB - Objectives: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death globally, and suitable interventions are needed for prevention. Certain occupations can create barriers to accessing healthcare while also being a driving force behind lifestyle behaviors that increase risk of CVD. This study analyzed the Framingham 10-year risk for developing coronary heart disease (CHD), among Maine loggers and commercial fishermen residing in Maine, Massachusetts, Oregon, and Alaska compared to the general population of working adults. Methods: Between 2019 and 2024, loggers and commercial fishermen engaged in health screenings via three studies. Self-reported data regarding health behaviors, as well as anthropometric and biomarker measures, were collected at each screening and were obtained from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) for a sample of working adults. Women were excluded due to their limited representation in the logging and commercial fishing populations. Framingham Risk Scores (FRS) for Hard CHD were established for each population, and comparisons were made based on both overall risk and component risk factors. Results: This study included 44 loggers, 164 commercial fishermen, and 1073 working adults from the NHANES cohort. Commercial fishermen had the highest estimated 10-year FRS with an average of 6.95%, followed by the NHANES sample at 6.39% and loggers with 5.70%. Conclusion: Though this study demonstrates loggers and commercial fishermen have a similar CVD risk profile to other working aged men, this risk for all three groups is higher than ideal. This study indicates a need to better understand risk among these populations, as well as how the occupational setting can be used for future intervention. AN - cdc:258747 J2 - Journal of Agromedicine KW - Cardiovascular Diseases KW - Hunting KW - Risk Assessment KW - Safety KW - Cardiovascular System KW - Occupational Health KW - Cardiovascular disease; Health care; Logging workers; Fishing industry; Risk assessment; Medical screening; Behavior; Cohort studies; Occupational health; KW - Author Keywords: Chronic disease; Framingham Risk Score; occupational health KW - Cardiovascular Diseases KW - Cardiovascular System KW - Hunting KW - Occupational Health KW - Risk Assessment KW - Safety PY - 2026/03/11 T2 - Journal of Agromedicine T2 - J Agromedicine 2026 Mar; :[Epub ahead of print] TI - Cardiovascular Disease Among Loggers and Commercial Fishermen: A Preliminary Risk Assessment UR - https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/258747 ER -
Work Disability, Early Retirement, and Loss of a Loved One in the World Trade Center Health Registry Cohort

Brite, Jennifer

;

Di Vitto, Matthew

2026/03/11 | Am J Ind Med 2026 Mar; :Epub ahead of print | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)

Background: Existing research on the economic outcomes of 9/11 remains limited and has primarily focused on early retirement. Little is known about the prevalence of work disability and loss of a loved one and whether they are associated with survey attrition. Methods: The World Trade Center Health Registry (WTCHR) is a closed longitudinal cohort t ...

08/10/2026

Title : Work Disability, Early Retirement, and Loss of a Loved One in the World Trade Center Health Registry Cohort Personal Author(s) : Brite, Jennifer;Di Vitto, Matthew;Metzler, Janna; Published Date : 2026/03/11 Pages in Document : 14 pdf pages Source : Am J Ind Med 2026 Mar; :[Epub ahead of print] URL : https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/258746 Journal Title : American Journal of Industrial Medicine
Brite, Jennifer et al. (2026). Work Disability, Early Retirement, and Loss of a Loved One in the World Trade Center Health Registry Cohort. American Journal of Industrial Medicine.

Brite, Jennifer and Di Vitto, Matthew and Metzler, Janna "Work Disability, Early Retirement, and Loss of a Loved One in the World Trade Center Health Registry Cohort" American Journal of Industrial Medicine (2026)

Brite, Jennifer et al. "Work Disability, Early Retirement, and Loss of a Loved One in the World Trade Center Health Registry Cohort" American Journal of Industrial Medicine, , 2026
Export RIS Citation Information. TY - Journal Article AU - Brite, Jennifer AU - Di Vitto, Matthew AU - Metzler, Janna AB - Background: Existing research on the economic outcomes of 9/11 remains limited and has primarily focused on early retirement. Little is known about the prevalence of work disability and loss of a loved one and whether they are associated with survey attrition. Methods: The World Trade Center Health Registry (WTCHR) is a closed longitudinal cohort that recruited more than 71,000 participants at baseline (2003-2004). Bivariate analyses were conducted to compare the distribution of 9/11 exposure and sociodemographic factors for (1) work disability, (2) early retirement, and (3) loss of a loved one. Separate Poisson models were constructed to predict survey attrition. Results: Both those who were work-disabled and early-retired were more likely to be older, male, a rescue/recovery worker, and have greater 9/11 exposure. In addition, work disability was associated with lower income and educational attainment, and PTSD diagnosis. Loss of a loved one was associated with PTSD diagnosis and some measures of 9/11. Work disability was associated with higher and early retirement was associated with lower risk survey attrition at wave 4. Loss of a loved one was not associated with survey attrition. Conclusion: Early retirement, work disability, and loss of a loved one can have major impacts on an individual's economic wellbeing and are potentially qualifying events for social programs, such as Social Security Administration (SSA) benefits. Future research is needed to overcome the limitations of self-reported data in order to understand how timely receipt of SSA benefits can lead to better health trajectories among disaster- and trauma-exposed populations. AN - cdc:258746 J2 - American Journal of Industrial Medicine KW - Safety KW - Persons with Disabilities KW - September 11 Terrorist Attacks KW - Occupational Health KW - WTC; World Trade Center; Longitudinal study; Health surveys; Cohort studies; Economic impact; Wellbeing; Disabled workers; KW - Author Keywords: 9/11; health bereavement; early retirement; social security eligibility; survey attrition; work disability KW - Occupational Health KW - Persons with Disabilities KW - Safety KW - September 11 Terrorist Attacks PY - 2026/03/11 T2 - American Journal of Industrial Medicine T2 - Am J Ind Med 2026 Mar; :[Epub ahead of print] TI - Work Disability, Early Retirement, and Loss of a Loved One in the World Trade Center Health Registry Cohort UR - https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/258746 ER -
Farming Becomes More Precarious with Age: Injury in Maine Agricultural Communities, 2008-2022, via Time Series Analysis

Jones, Laura E.

;

Scott, Erika E.

2026/03/12 | Am J Ind Med 2026 Mar; :Epub ahead of print | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)

Background: Fatal occupational injury rates among agricultural workers are within the top 10 most dangerous civilian jobs. However, tracking and documenting non-fatal agricultural injuries in Maine, as in other states, has proved challenging. In 2021, we developed a machine learning-based strategy to extract injury cases from free-text pre-hospital ...

08/10/2026

Title : Farming Becomes More Precarious with Age: Injury in Maine Agricultural Communities, 2008-2022, via Time Series Analysis Personal Author(s) : Jones, Laura E.;Scott, Erika E.;Krupa, Nicole L.;Hansen-Ruiz, Cristina S.;Jenkins, Paul L.; Published Date : 2026/03/12 Pages in Document : 11 pdf pages Source : Am J Ind Med 2026 Mar; :[Epub ahead of print] URL : https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/258745 Journal Title : American Journal of Industrial Medicine
Jones, Laura E. et al. (2026). Farming Becomes More Precarious with Age: Injury in Maine Agricultural Communities, 2008-2022, via Time Series Analysis. American Journal of Industrial Medicine.

Jones, Laura E. et al. "Farming Becomes More Precarious with Age: Injury in Maine Agricultural Communities, 2008-2022, via Time Series Analysis" American Journal of Industrial Medicine (2026)

Jones, Laura E. et al. "Farming Becomes More Precarious with Age: Injury in Maine Agricultural Communities, 2008-2022, via Time Series Analysis" American Journal of Industrial Medicine, , 2026
Export RIS Citation Information. TY - Journal Article AU - Jones, Laura E. AU - Scott, Erika E. AU - Krupa, Nicole L. AU - Hansen-Ruiz, Cristina S. AU - Jenkins, Paul L. AB - Background: Fatal occupational injury rates among agricultural workers are within the top 10 most dangerous civilian jobs. However, tracking and documenting non-fatal agricultural injuries in Maine, as in other states, has proved challenging. In 2021, we developed a machine learning-based strategy to extract injury cases from free-text pre-hospital care records (PCRs), which together with final human coding, produces injury time-series records coded by type, severity, location, date, and subject industry. In this paper we explore and summarize novel time-series records for agriculture obtained from PCR from Maine. Methods: From a fully labeled Maine dataset (N = 57,960) comprising coded injuries, we selected only agricultural events, yielding 1604 injuries from 2008 to 2022. We summarize by year, month and age category, and establish seasonality before decomposing time series data, divided into three roughly equal 4-year sub-periods, into seasonal, trend and random components using a classical additive model. We investigate associations between age category and injury rate via mixed effects regression, then perform time series regression on differenced monthly injury time series and temperature records to determine if, seasonality aside, temperature extrema are responsible for increased injuries. Finally, we visualize and summarize trend and random components for each study sub-period. Results: Injury rates show strong seasonality with a peak in July-August, and a trough in January or February. Subject age drifts slowly upwards during our study period, and there is a significant and positive association between age category and injury rate for all but the most elderly farm workers. Injury rates in the age categories of 40-81 years increase dramatically between 2016 and the 2019-2022 period, as does the moving average of the injury rates, and the variability of the random component of the time series. Conclusions: There is a significant positive association between increasing age category and injury rate across all periods. While our injury data has strong seasonality, we find no significant associations between monthly temperature extremes and injury rates. Moving average trends for injury rates in the two periods comprising 2008-2016 show little change in trend, but injury rate trend shifts upward in 2019-2022, almost doubling in mean value. AN - cdc:258745 J2 - American Journal of Industrial Medicine KW - Aging KW - Farmers KW - Agriculture KW - Safety KW - Occupational Injuries KW - Occupational Health KW - Agricultural workers; Injuries; Machine learning; Surveillance; Seasonal factors; Farm workers; Age groups; Aging; KW - Author Keywords: agriculture; Maine; occupational injuries; pre-hospital care records; PCRs; surveillance; time series analysis KW - Agriculture KW - Aging KW - Farmers KW - Occupational Health KW - Occupational Injuries KW - Safety PY - 2026/03/12 T2 - American Journal of Industrial Medicine T2 - Am J Ind Med 2026 Mar; :[Epub ahead of print] TI - Farming Becomes More Precarious with Age: Injury in Maine Agricultural Communities, 2008-2022, via Time Series Analysis UR - https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/258745 ER -
You vs. the Robot Factory: Some Principles for Understanding AI Hazards in the Workplace [abstract]

Sadowski, John P.

2025/11/02 | Making the Public's Health a National Priority. APHA 153rd Annual Meeting and Exposition, November 2-5, 2025, Washington, D.C. Washington, D.C.: American Public Health Association, 2025 Nov; :572178 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)

Problem. As systems enabled by AI become increasingly introduced into the workplace, OSH practitioners and researchers must be prepared to consider their effects on worker health and safety. Yet, OSH research into AI is now in its infancy. A science of "algorithmic hygiene" is needed that explicitly links algorithmic system characteristics to healt ...

08/10/2026

Title : You vs. the Robot Factory: Some Principles for Understanding AI Hazards in the Workplace [abstract] Personal Author(s) : Sadowski, John P. Published Date : 2025/11/02 Pages in Document : 3 pdf pages Source : Making the Public's Health a National Priority. APHA 153rd Annual Meeting and Exposition, November 2-5, 2025, Washington, D.C. Washington, D.C.: American Public Health Association, 2025 Nov; :572178 URL : https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/258744 Journal Title : Making the Public's Health a National Priority. APHA 153rd Annual Meeting and Exposition, November 2-5, 2025, Washington, D.C.
Sadowski, John P. (2025). You vs. the Robot Factory: Some Principles for Understanding AI Hazards in the Workplace [abstract]. Making the Public's Health a National Priority. APHA 153rd Annual Meeting and Exposition, November 2-5, 2025, Washington, D.C..

Sadowski, John P. "You vs. the Robot Factory: Some Principles for Understanding AI Hazards in the Workplace [abstract]" Making the Public's Health a National Priority. APHA 153rd Annual Meeting and Exposition, November 2-5, 2025, Washington, D.C. (2025)

Sadowski, John P. "You vs. the Robot Factory: Some Principles for Understanding AI Hazards in the Workplace [abstract]" Making the Public's Health a National Priority. APHA 153rd Annual Meeting and Exposition, November 2-5, 2025, Washington, D.C., , 2025
Export RIS Citation Information. TY - Array AU - Sadowski, John P. AB - Problem. As systems enabled by AI become increasingly introduced into the workplace, OSH practitioners and researchers must be prepared to consider their effects on worker health and safety. Yet, OSH research into AI is now in its infancy. A science of "algorithmic hygiene" is needed that explicitly links algorithmic system characteristics to health and safety outcomes, to guide research questions and provide a scientific basis for practical, actionable guidance for individual end-users, developers, and policymakers. Strategies. While AI may at first seem radically different from other potentially hazardous aspects of the workplace, it can be understood using established OSH principles. A framework was devised that identifies several core characteristics of algorithmic systems and links them to existing, well-known categories of occupational hazards and controls. Key points of the framework include: - The terminology "trained algorithm" is better than "artificial intelligence" because it is a practical description of a specific process. - Because algorithms are software with no physical substance, they can mediate but not directly create any physical, chemical, or biological hazards, although they can directly create psychosocial hazards. - Established, familiar OSH exposure assessment methods can still be used even without AI subject matter expertise. - Hazard controls are divided between work-design controls carried out within the end-user organization, and software-design controls applied by the software developers who may be in a separate vendor firm. Impact and implications. Although people might not initially think to ask an OSH professional about AI safety, their broad presence throughout all industrial sectors provides an opportunity for significant impact through educating workplace end-users of AI-enabled systems about their health and safety effects. This would allow end-users to improve their own practices, as well as request that software vendors consider health and safety impacts in their software design, without requiring any wait for formal regulatory action. AN - cdc:258744 J2 - Making the Public's Health a National Priority. APHA 153rd Annual Meeting and Exposition, November 2-5, 2025, Washington, D.C. KW - Artificial Intelligence KW - Safety KW - Occupational Health KW - Emerging technology; Artificial intelligence; Future of work; Algorithms; Exposure assessment; Risk management KW - Artificial Intelligence KW - Occupational Health KW - Safety PB - American Public Health Association PY - 2025/11/02 T2 - Making the Public's Health a National Priority. APHA 153rd Annual Meeting and Exposition, November 2-5, 2025, Washington, D.C. T2 - Making the Public's Health a National Priority. APHA 153rd Annual Meeting and Exposition, November 2-5, 2025, Washington, D.C. Washington, D.C.: American Public Health Association, 2025 Nov; :572178 TI - You vs. the Robot Factory: Some Principles for Understanding AI Hazards in the Workplace [abstract] UR - https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/258744 ER -
You vs. the Robot Factory: Some Principles for Understanding AI Hazards in the Workplace

Sadowski, John P.

2025/06/01 | Synergist 2025 Jun/Jul; 36(6/7):22-29 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)

What might artificial intelligence (AI) in the workplace look like in the future? As an example, imagine an algorithmically controlled chemical factory. Perhaps it gathers data from distributed and wearable sensors and machine vision systems. Perhaps it controls chemical reaction parameters and hazardous machinery, operates the factory's ventilatio ...

08/10/2026

Title : You vs. the Robot Factory: Some Principles for Understanding AI Hazards in the Workplace Personal Author(s) : Sadowski, John P. Published Date : 2025/06/01 Pages in Document : 7 pdf pages Source : Synergist 2025 Jun/Jul; 36(6/7):22-29 URL : https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/258743 Journal Title : The Synergist
Sadowski, John P. (2025). You vs. the Robot Factory: Some Principles for Understanding AI Hazards in the Workplace. The Synergist. 36(6).

Sadowski, John P. "You vs. the Robot Factory: Some Principles for Understanding AI Hazards in the Workplace" The Synergist 36, no. 6 (2025)

Sadowski, John P. "You vs. the Robot Factory: Some Principles for Understanding AI Hazards in the Workplace" The Synergist, vol. 36, no. 6, 2025
Export RIS Citation Information. TY - Journal Article AU - Sadowski, John P. AB - What might artificial intelligence (AI) in the workplace look like in the future? As an example, imagine an algorithmically controlled chemical factory. Perhaps it gathers data from distributed and wearable sensors and machine vision systems. Perhaps it controls chemical reaction parameters and hazardous machinery, operates the factory's ventilation system, and controls self-driving robotic vehicles. Perhaps it directs workers through messages on their smartphones to do certain tasks, and maybe even implements a chatbot to answer questions and issue clarifications to workers. How should an occupational and environmental health and safety (OEHS) professional go about hazard identification in this factory? What controls should they recommend implementing? As AI-enabled systems are increasingly adopted in the workplace, OEHS practitioners and researchers must be prepared to consider their effects on worker health and safety. While AI may at first seem radically different from other potentially hazardous aspects of the workplace, it can indeed be understood using established OEHS principles. Further, although people might not initially think to ask an OEHS professional about AI safety, their presence throughout all industrial sectors gives them a responsibility and an opportunity to have a significant impact through education and assessment activities. This would allow end-users to improve their own practices, as well as request that software vendors consider health and safety impacts in their software design, without requiring a wait for formal regulatory action. It would also foster the good governance and trust that would encourage adoption of AI in contexts where it is warranted. Nevertheless, OEHS research into AI is now in its infancy. A science of industrial hygiene for algorithms, which we might call "algorithmic hygiene," is needed, explicitly linking the characteristics of algorithmic systems to health and safety outcomes. This linking would guide research questions and provide a scientific basis for practical, actionable guidance for individual end-users, developers, and policymakers. AN - cdc:258743 IS - 6 J2 - The Synergist KW - Artificial Intelligence KW - Safety KW - Occupational Health KW - Emerging technology; Artificial intelligence; Future of work; Algorithms; Exposure assessment; Risk management KW - Artificial Intelligence KW - Occupational Health KW - Safety PY - 2025/06/01 T2 - The Synergist T2 - Synergist 2025 Jun/Jul; 36(6/7):22-29 TI - You vs. the Robot Factory: Some Principles for Understanding AI Hazards in the Workplace VL - 36 UR - https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/258743 ER -
Line of Duty Death Report F2025-04: 46-Year-Old Lieutenant Collapses While Serving as Driver/Engineer at Residential Fire - Maryland

Barger, Alexandra ;

Wilkinson, Andrea F.

2026/03/01 | Fatality Assessment and Control Evaluation Reports (FACE)

On October 19, 2024, a 46-year-old Lieutenant (L1) was hospitalized after experiencing a stroke. L1 used the fire department's (FD) shift substitution policy for time off work as he recovered, rather than taking medical leave. He would not report back to work at the fire station until January 8, 2025. On January 11, 2025, (L1's second shift back to ...

08/10/2026

Title : Line of Duty Death Report F2025-04: 46-Year-Old Lieutenant Collapses While Serving as Driver/Engineer at Residential Fire - Maryland Personal Author(s) : Barger, Alexandra;Wilkinson, Andrea F.;Judah, Lindsay; Published Date : 2026/03/01 Pages in Document : 23 pdf pages Series : Fatality Assessment and Control Evaluation Reports (FACE) Source : Cincinnati, OH: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, FACE F2025-04, 2026 Mar; :1-21 DOI : 10.26616/NIOSHFFFACEF202504 Journal Title : National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
Barger, Alexandra et al. (2026). Line of Duty Death Report F2025-04: 46-Year-Old Lieutenant Collapses While Serving as Driver/Engineer at Residential Fire - Maryland. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. https://doi.org/10.26616/NIOSHFFFACEF202504

Barger, Alexandra and Wilkinson, Andrea F. and Judah, Lindsay "Line of Duty Death Report F2025-04: 46-Year-Old Lieutenant Collapses While Serving as Driver/Engineer at Residential Fire - Maryland" National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (2026), https://doi.org/10.26616/NIOSHFFFACEF202504

Barger, Alexandra et al. "Line of Duty Death Report F2025-04: 46-Year-Old Lieutenant Collapses While Serving as Driver/Engineer at Residential Fire - Maryland" National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, , 2026, https://doi.org/10.26616/NIOSHFFFACEF202504
Export RIS Citation Information. TY - Field Study AU - Barger, Alexandra AU - Wilkinson, Andrea F. AU - Judah, Lindsay AB - On October 19, 2024, a 46-year-old Lieutenant (L1) was hospitalized after experiencing a stroke. L1 used the fire department's (FD) shift substitution policy for time off work as he recovered, rather than taking medical leave. He would not report back to work at the fire station until January 8, 2025. On January 11, 2025, (L1's second shift back to work since October), at 16:55, units were dispatched for a working structural fire of a single-family home. The responding FDs were working as part of an automatic aid agreement. At 1709, a firefighter (FF1) from Engine 3 (E3) witnessed L1 collapse after throwing a ladder and notified his Lieutenant (L2). At 1709, L2 sent a priority radio message to command stating they needed EMS side bravo. Battalion Chief 1 (BC1) acknowledged and stated he saw the member down. Due to the snowy and steep conditions of the scene, L2 and Master FF1 (MFF1) (FD1, E3) pulled the unresponsive and unconscious L1 closer to the street (approximately 20-30 yards from site of collapse) so that the paramedic stretcher could be used. At this point, care was transferred to the awaiting advanced life support (ALS) team who moved L1 onto the stretcher at 1711. The ALS team noted L1 to be unresponsive, not breathing (apneic), and without a pulse. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) was initiated on the stretcher. Once connected to a monitor, L1 was observed to be in ventricular fibrillation. The patient was defibrillated with no conversion of ventricular fibrillation. Despite the medical interventions, L1 remained in ventricular fibrillation throughout the majority of transport time to the emergency department, with the exception of brief periods of pulseless electrical activity (PEA). Upon arrival at the hospital, hospital staff continued resuscitation efforts. Advanced life support efforts were continued for another 15 minutes after arrival, but L1 never regained a pulse and time of death was declared at 1801. Review of medical records shows that L1 had a history of surgically repaired coarctation of the aorta, a congenital heart condition. During his hospitalization for stroke, L1 was newly diagnosed with congestive heart failure. Heart failure can lead to an increased risk of sudden cardiac death, and in some cases requires restriction from certain work duties per National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) 1582 occupational medical standards. This diagnosis was never reported to the department's physician, and since L1 used shift substitution rather than medical leave for his recovery, a return-to-work medical evaluation was never conducted. Though it is not possible to determine conclusively if this contributed to the fatality, the lack of a return-to-work medical evaluation by a provider with occupational health expertise was a missed opportunity for promotion of firefighter safety. Key Recommendations - NIOSH offers the following recommendations to reduce the risk of firefighter mortality at this and other fire departments across the country. Many of our recommendations cite relevant NFPA standards which are periodically updated. Please note that it is our practice to cite the version of each standard in effect at the time of the fatality. Key Recommendation #1: Ensure that a physician familiar with the essential tasks of firefighting as outlined by the NFPA and the physiologic requirements to complete them safely signs off on return-to-work physicals. Key Recommendation #2: Evaluate department shift substitution and medical leave policies to ensure they are being applied appropriately. Key Recommendation #3: Promote effective fireground communication with all mutual aid companies to ensure critical radio traffic is understood and relayed to on-scene personnel for incident stabilization and safety. Key Recommendation #4: Continuously evaluate staffing and deployment strategy to plan for effective emergency response. Key Recommendation #5: Work with automatic aid companies to establish a policy for clearing the fire scene following an incident of this nature. AN - cdc:258742 DO - 10.26616/NIOSHFFFACEF202504 J2 - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health KW - Fires KW - Cardiovascular Diseases KW - Emergency Responders KW - Firefighters KW - Safety KW - Cardiovascular System KW - Occupational Health KW - Region 3; Fire fighters; Fire fighting; Fatalities; Emergency responders; Recommendations; Medical fitness evaluation; Cardiovascular disease; Return to work; Heart attacks; KW - Author Keywords: firefighter; stroke history; cardiovascular disease; congestive heart failure KW - Cardiovascular Diseases KW - Cardiovascular System KW - Emergency Responders KW - Fires KW - Firefighters KW - Occupational Health KW - Safety PB - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health PY - 2026/03/01 T2 - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health T2 - Cincinnati, OH: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, FACE F2025-04, 2026 Mar; :1-21 T3 - Fatality Assessment and Control Evaluation Reports (FACE) TI - Line of Duty Death Report F2025-04: 46-Year-Old Lieutenant Collapses While Serving as Driver/Engineer at Residential Fire - Maryland UR - https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/258742 ER -
Health Hazard Evaluation Report No. 2023-0098-3429: Evaluation of Diesel Exhaust Control Methods at a Fire Station in a City Fire Department

Echt, Hannah ;

Qi, Chaolong

2026/03/01 | Health Hazard Evaluation Reports (HHE)

The NIOSH Health Hazard Evaluation Program received a request from management at a city fire department who were concerned about firefighters' exposure to diesel exhaust when fire apparatuses were running in the apparatus bay. During our visits, we (1) observed work processes and practices; (2) collected area air samples of diesel particulate; (3) ...

08/10/2026

Title : Health Hazard Evaluation Report No. 2023-0098-3429: Evaluation of Diesel Exhaust Control Methods at a Fire Station in a City Fire Department Personal Author(s) : Echt, Hannah;Qi, Chaolong;Hammond, Duane R.;Niemeier-Walsh, Micah; Published Date : 2026/03/01 Pages in Document : 28 pdf pages Series : Health Hazard Evaluation Reports (HHE) Source : Cincinnati, OH: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, HHE 2023-0098-3429, 2026 Mar; :1-27 DOI : 10.26616/NIOSHHHE202300983429 Journal Title : National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
Echt, Hannah et al. (2026). Health Hazard Evaluation Report No. 2023-0098-3429: Evaluation of Diesel Exhaust Control Methods at a Fire Station in a City Fire Department. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. https://doi.org/10.26616/NIOSHHHE202300983429

Echt, Hannah et al. "Health Hazard Evaluation Report No. 2023-0098-3429: Evaluation of Diesel Exhaust Control Methods at a Fire Station in a City Fire Department" National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (2026), https://doi.org/10.26616/NIOSHHHE202300983429

Echt, Hannah et al. "Health Hazard Evaluation Report No. 2023-0098-3429: Evaluation of Diesel Exhaust Control Methods at a Fire Station in a City Fire Department" National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, , 2026, https://doi.org/10.26616/NIOSHHHE202300983429
Export RIS Citation Information. TY - Field Study AU - Echt, Hannah AU - Qi, Chaolong AU - Hammond, Duane R. AU - Niemeier-Walsh, Micah AB - The NIOSH Health Hazard Evaluation Program received a request from management at a city fire department who were concerned about firefighters' exposure to diesel exhaust when fire apparatuses were running in the apparatus bay. During our visits, we (1) observed work processes and practices; (2) collected area air samples of diesel particulate; (3) measured real-time concentrations of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and particulates; and (4) conducted a ventilation assessment at the station. We found levels of diesel exhaust particulate (as elemental carbon) and other components of vehicle exhaust were low in the apparatus bay and living quarters. Our results also showed that air concentrations of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and particulates were well below occupational exposure limits. Although these air concentrations were low, some exhaust fans needed repair and fully functional exhaust fans would continue to reduce firefighter's exposures to as low as possible. While overall particulate levels were low, a peak ultrafine particle concentration was observed when both an ambulance and an engine were started and then departed the apparatus bay. Ultrafine particle concentrations in the apparatus bay consistently spiked above the upper limit of our direct reading instrument during engine start events and took approximately two hours to return to background levels. During the ventilation assessment, particle counts were measured both before and after filters and observed an 87% reduction in particle concentrations (size range of 0.01 to >1 ?m). Air pressure and smoke tracer tests verified that the apparatus bay was under negative pressure relative to the living quarters which is the preferred ventilation setup. Further evaluation is recommended to assess whether extending air cleaner runtimes or implementing combined control technologies, such as source control, could more effectively reduce particulate concentrations from vehicle exhaust in the apparatus bay. AN - cdc:258741 DO - 10.26616/NIOSHHHE202300983429 J2 - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health KW - Ventilation KW - Firefighters KW - Safety KW - Particulate Matter KW - Occupational Health KW - Vehicle Exhaust KW - Region 7; Fire fighters; Diesel exhaust; Motor vehicles; Particulates; Exhaust ventilation; Elemental carbon; Control methods; Ultrafine particles; KW - Author Keywords: Fire Protection; Diesel Exhaust; Elemental Carbon; Ventilation; Fire Station; Firefighters KW - Firefighters KW - Occupational Health KW - Particulate Matter KW - Safety KW - Vehicle Exhaust KW - Ventilation PB - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health PY - 2026/03/01 T2 - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health T2 - Cincinnati, OH: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, HHE 2023-0098-3429, 2026 Mar; :1-27 T3 - Health Hazard Evaluation Reports (HHE) TI - Health Hazard Evaluation Report No. 2023-0098-3429: Evaluation of Diesel Exhaust Control Methods at a Fire Station in a City Fire Department UR - https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/258741 ER -
Heat Stress and Strain in Commercial Construction Workers in the Summer: A Pilot Study

Specht, Jonathan W.

;

Garcia, Serena A.

2025/10/01 | J Occup Environ Hyg 2025 Oct; 22(10):807-820 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)

Construction workers are 13 times more likely to die from heat-related illnesses than workers in other job industries. This elevated risk is attributed to excessive heat stress from environmental exposure, metabolic heat generated from physical labor, and the insulating effects of protective clothing. Levels of heat stress may vary across job types ...

08/10/2026

Title : Heat Stress and Strain in Commercial Construction Workers in the Summer: A Pilot Study Personal Author(s) : Specht, Jonathan W.;Garcia, Serena A.;Tourula, Erica;Hite, M. Jo;Walker, Charlie;Yoder, Hillary A.;Wegman, David H.;Glaser, Jason;Schlader, Zachary J.;Amorim, Fabiano T.; Published Date : 2025/10/01 Pages in Document : 15 pdf pages Source : J Occup Environ Hyg 2025 Oct; 22(10):807-820 URL : https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/258740 Journal Title : Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
Specht, Jonathan W. et al. (2025). Heat Stress and Strain in Commercial Construction Workers in the Summer: A Pilot Study. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene. 22(10).

Specht, Jonathan W. et al. "Heat Stress and Strain in Commercial Construction Workers in the Summer: A Pilot Study" Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene 22, no. 10 (2025)

Specht, Jonathan W. et al. "Heat Stress and Strain in Commercial Construction Workers in the Summer: A Pilot Study" Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, vol. 22, no. 10, 2025
Export RIS Citation Information. TY - Journal Article AU - Specht, Jonathan W. AU - Garcia, Serena A. AU - Tourula, Erica AU - Hite, M. Jo AU - Walker, Charlie AU - Yoder, Hillary A. AU - Wegman, David H. AU - Glaser, Jason AU - Schlader, Zachary J. AU - Amorim, Fabiano T. AB - Construction workers are 13 times more likely to die from heat-related illnesses than workers in other job industries. This elevated risk is attributed to excessive heat stress from environmental exposure, metabolic heat generated from physical labor, and the insulating effects of protective clothing. Levels of heat stress may vary across job types, reflecting the diversity of tasks performed and the work environment. Despite elevated risks, heat strain assessed by core temperature (Tcore) in construction workers during summertime in the United States has not been evaluated previously. Thirty-two construction workers (three females) were monitored over 3 summer workdays. Participants were categorized by job type (carpenter, concrete, laborer, roofer) and work environment (covered, uncovered). Heat index (HI), heart rate (HR), and Tcore were measured throughout the workday, while hydration was assessed through pre- and post-shift measurements of urine specific gravity (USG). Peak HI over the 3 days was 27.3, 35.2, and 33.7 degrees C, indicating the potential for low to moderate heat stress. Roofers experienced a higher peak HI compared to other job types (p < 0.01), but no differences were observed between workers in covered (28.8 +/- 3.7 degrees C) and uncovered (32.1 +/- 4.2 degrees C) areas (p = 0.37). The estimated peak metabolic rate was higher in workers in uncovered areas (868 +/- 238 W) compared to covered (632 +/- 130 W) (p < 0.01), with no differences among job types (p = 0.23). Forty-three percent of workers had Tcore exceeding 38.0 degrees C, with 4% exceeding 38.5 degrees C. Based on USG, 63% of workers began work dehydrated (1.022 +/- 0.005), but urine did not become more concentrated during the workday (post-shift USG; 1.022 +/- 0.007) (p = 0.78). Forward stepwise regression identified that peak metabolic rate plus post-shift USG were the combined variables most associated with peak Tcore (r2 = 0.55, p < 0.01). Construction workers, even in low to moderate environmental heat exposure, experienced significant heat strain, primarily due to an elevated metabolic rate. Environmental heat exposure and metabolic rate vary by job type and work environment. AN - cdc:258740 IS - 10 J2 - Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene KW - Construction Industry KW - Dehydration KW - Safety KW - Heat Stress Disorders KW - Occupational Health KW - Heat stress; Construction workers; Body temperature; Seasonal factors; Outdoor workers; Heart rate; Roofers; Metabolic rate; Dehydration; Heat exposure; KW - Author Keywords: Core temperature; heat illness; hydration; worker safety; hyperthermia; dehydration; heat index; occupational heat stress KW - Construction Industry KW - Dehydration KW - Heat Stress Disorders KW - Occupational Health KW - Safety PY - 2025/10/01 T2 - Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene T2 - J Occup Environ Hyg 2025 Oct; 22(10):807-820 TI - Heat Stress and Strain in Commercial Construction Workers in the Summer: A Pilot Study VL - 22 UR - https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/258740 ER -
Residential Washing Machine Efficacy in Removing Lead from Clothing: A Pilot Study

Achutan, Chandran ;

Carlson, Krystin

2025/10/01 | J Occup Environ Hyg 2025 Oct; 22(10):779-787 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)

Workers exposed to lead sometimes wear their work clothes home. It is possible that lead from contaminated work clothing can transfer to uncontaminated clothing, including children's items that may be in the same load, during laundering. This is concerning because lead is especially toxic for children. The purpose of this pilot study was to underst ...

08/10/2026

Title : Residential Washing Machine Efficacy in Removing Lead from Clothing: A Pilot Study Personal Author(s) : Achutan, Chandran;Carlson, Krystin;LeVanseler, Kerri;Couch, James R.; Published Date : 2025/10/01 Pages in Document : 10 pdf pages Source : J Occup Environ Hyg 2025 Oct; 22(10):779-787 URL : https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/258739 Journal Title : Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
Achutan, Chandran et al. (2025). Residential Washing Machine Efficacy in Removing Lead from Clothing: A Pilot Study. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene. 22(10).

Achutan, Chandran et al. "Residential Washing Machine Efficacy in Removing Lead from Clothing: A Pilot Study" Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene 22, no. 10 (2025)

Achutan, Chandran et al. "Residential Washing Machine Efficacy in Removing Lead from Clothing: A Pilot Study" Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, vol. 22, no. 10, 2025
Export RIS Citation Information. TY - Journal Article AU - Achutan, Chandran AU - Carlson, Krystin AU - LeVanseler, Kerri AU - Couch, James R. AB - Workers exposed to lead sometimes wear their work clothes home. It is possible that lead from contaminated work clothing can transfer to uncontaminated clothing, including children's items that may be in the same load, during laundering. This is concerning because lead is especially toxic for children. The purpose of this pilot study was to understand lead extraction from fabrics typically worn by workers, the amount of lead removed during normal laundering, and lead transfer to other fabrics during a laundry washing cycle. The study validated EPA analytical method 200.8 Determination of Trace Elements in Waters and Wastes by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry to analyze lead in Dickies pant fabric (DPF), T-shirt material (TSM), and blue jeans material (BJM). Because this methodology of extracting lead from fabrics is novel, a priori definitions of accuracy and precision used were +/- 40%. Researchers spiked two levels (9 µg and 9,000 µg) of lead nitrate and three levels (9 µg, 900 µg, and 9,000 µg) of lead carbonate on 9 cm2 fabric swatches and extracted lead by microwave-assisted digestion. Across all spike levels, mean recoveries were within 60% and 140% recovery. All percent coefficient of variation values were less than 20% for lead nitrate, indicating that this method for lead nitrate was sufficiently accurate and precise. For lead carbonate, the method was neither accurate nor precise at the 9 and 900 µg levels but was sufficiently accurate and precise at the 9,000 µg level. Eighteen loads of fabric swatches were spiked with either lead form and laundered in a washing machine using a common laundry detergent. The mean amount of lead removed from laundered DPF and TSM was similar (97.4 and 95.9%) and significantly higher (p < 0.05) compared to laundered BJM (70.6%). The amount of lead carbonate removed (92.6%) was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than lead nitrate (83.4%). The levels of lead that transferred from spiked fabric to bedsheets included in the same washing load were less than 0.5 µg. It is important to follow public health recommendations, such as laundering work clothes separately. AN - cdc:258739 IS - 10 J2 - Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene KW - Clothing KW - Safety KW - Occupational Health KW - Lead KW - Lead; Clothing; Laundering; Take-home toxins; Fabrics; Occupational health; Families; KW - Author Keywords: Laundry; lead; occupational health; take-home exposures; worker clothing contamination KW - Clothing KW - Lead KW - Occupational Health KW - Safety PY - 2025/10/01 T2 - Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene T2 - J Occup Environ Hyg 2025 Oct; 22(10):779-787 TI - Residential Washing Machine Efficacy in Removing Lead from Clothing: A Pilot Study VL - 22 UR - https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/258739 ER -
Computational Modeling for PPE Filtration: Informed by Material Characterization, Microbial Penetration, and Particle Mechanics

Kastor, William ;

Martin, Andrew

2025/10/01 | J Occup Environ Hyg 2025 Oct; 22(10):836-853 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)

This work assesses the current characterization framework of single-use personal protective equipment (PPE) per recognized consensus standards and presents a novel quantitative approach to refining characterization of barrier materials and predicting PPE performance. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and image analysis software (Diameter J) were u ...

08/10/2026

Title : Computational Modeling for PPE Filtration: Informed by Material Characterization, Microbial Penetration, and Particle Mechanics Personal Author(s) : Kastor, William;Martin, Andrew;Lee, Sang Hyuk;Fu, Xiao;Kilinc-Balci, F. Selcen;Coby, Christian;Cohen, Ethan;Saylor, David M.;Elder, Robert;Vorvolakos, Katherine;Donohue, Marc;Wood, Steven C.;Karunasena, Enusha; Published Date : 2025/10/01 Pages in Document : 19 pdf pages Source : J Occup Environ Hyg 2025 Oct; 22(10):836-853 URL : https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/258738 Journal Title : Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
Kastor, William et al. (2025). Computational Modeling for PPE Filtration: Informed by Material Characterization, Microbial Penetration, and Particle Mechanics. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene. 22(10).

Kastor, William et al. "Computational Modeling for PPE Filtration: Informed by Material Characterization, Microbial Penetration, and Particle Mechanics" Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene 22, no. 10 (2025)

Kastor, William et al. "Computational Modeling for PPE Filtration: Informed by Material Characterization, Microbial Penetration, and Particle Mechanics" Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, vol. 22, no. 10, 2025
Export RIS Citation Information. TY - Journal Article AU - Kastor, William AU - Martin, Andrew AU - Lee, Sang Hyuk AU - Fu, Xiao AU - Kilinc-Balci, F. Selcen AU - Coby, Christian AU - Cohen, Ethan AU - Saylor, David M. AU - Elder, Robert AU - Vorvolakos, Katherine AU - Donohue, Marc AU - Wood, Steven C. AU - Karunasena, Enusha AB - This work assesses the current characterization framework of single-use personal protective equipment (PPE) per recognized consensus standards and presents a novel quantitative approach to refining characterization of barrier materials and predicting PPE performance. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and image analysis software (Diameter J) were used to examine the microscopic fiber and pore structure of filter layers of surgical N95 filtering facepiece respirators, before and after exposure to chemicals used in decontamination modalities (vaporized hydrogen peroxide or ozone). The effect of porosity on penetration was assessed by bacterial filtration efficiency (BFE) testing. Results from these experiments were incorporated into a physics-based computational model of overall filtration efficiency (OFE). Material thickness, fiber thickness, and packing density were introduced as inputs into a sequence of mathematical expressions to calculate OFE for filtration layers from surgical N95 respirators. OFE derived from the computational model was compared with experimental data for Staphylococcus aureus filtration (per ASTM F2101-23). The resulting output from the model is conservative and predictive when compared with experimental results to assess OFE and filtration efficiency relative to specific particle-size ranges. The model functions may be used to help inform or expedite design or manufacturing decision-making on surgical N95 respirators. AN - cdc:258738 IS - 10 J2 - Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene KW - Safety KW - Personal Protective Equipment KW - Occupational Health KW - Personal protective equipment; PPE; Quantitative analysis; Scanning electron microscopy; N95 filtering facepiece respirators; Computer models; Particle size; Materials testing; COVID-19; KW - Author Keywords: COVID; mask; N95; PPE; SARS; decontamination KW - Occupational Health KW - Personal Protective Equipment KW - Safety PY - 2025/10/01 T2 - Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene T2 - J Occup Environ Hyg 2025 Oct; 22(10):836-853 TI - Computational Modeling for PPE Filtration: Informed by Material Characterization, Microbial Penetration, and Particle Mechanics VL - 22 UR - https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/258738 ER -
Health Hazard Evaluation Report No. 2023-0099-3430: Evaluation of Diesel Exhaust Control Methods at a Fire Station

Echt, Hannah ;

Qi, Chaolong

2026/03/01 | Health Hazard Evaluation Reports (HHE)

The Health Hazard Evaluation Program received a request from management at a city fire department who were concerned about firefighters' exposure to diesel exhaust when fire apparatuses were running in the apparatus bay. During our visits, we (1) observed work processes and practices; (2) collected area air samples of diesel particulate; (3) measur ...

08/10/2026

Title : Health Hazard Evaluation Report No. 2023-0099-3430: Evaluation of Diesel Exhaust Control Methods at a Fire Station Personal Author(s) : Echt, Hannah;Qi, Chaolong;Hammond, Duane R.;Niemeier-Walsh, Micah; Published Date : 2026/03/01 Pages in Document : 30 pdf pages Series : Health Hazard Evaluation Reports (HHE) Source : Cincinnati, OH: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, HHE 2023-0099-3430, 2026 Mar; :1-29 DOI : 10.26616/NIOSHHHE202300993430 Journal Title : National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
Echt, Hannah et al. (2026). Health Hazard Evaluation Report No. 2023-0099-3430: Evaluation of Diesel Exhaust Control Methods at a Fire Station. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. https://doi.org/10.26616/NIOSHHHE202300993430

Echt, Hannah et al. "Health Hazard Evaluation Report No. 2023-0099-3430: Evaluation of Diesel Exhaust Control Methods at a Fire Station" National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (2026), https://doi.org/10.26616/NIOSHHHE202300993430

Echt, Hannah et al. "Health Hazard Evaluation Report No. 2023-0099-3430: Evaluation of Diesel Exhaust Control Methods at a Fire Station" National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, , 2026, https://doi.org/10.26616/NIOSHHHE202300993430
Export RIS Citation Information. TY - Field Study AU - Echt, Hannah AU - Qi, Chaolong AU - Hammond, Duane R. AU - Niemeier-Walsh, Micah AB - The Health Hazard Evaluation Program received a request from management at a city fire department who were concerned about firefighters' exposure to diesel exhaust when fire apparatuses were running in the apparatus bay. During our visits, we (1) observed work processes and practices; (2) collected area air samples of diesel particulate; (3) measured real-time concentrations of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and particulates; and (4) conducted a ventilation assessment at the station. We found levels of diesel exhaust particulate (as elemental carbon) and other components of vehicle exhaust were low in the apparatus bay and living quarters. Our results showed that most of the particulate in the apparatus bay was smaller than 1 µm in diameter. We observed peaks in particle concentrations in the EMS dorm when apparatuses were running in the bay. Our ventilation measurements indicated that both the local and general exhaust systems provided measurable airflow, but the local exhaust extraction system did not always successfully capture vehicle emissions due to design and operational issues. System activation relied heavily on dispatch signals and in some cases the exhaust extraction system failed to consistently respond to engine exhaust pressure, particularly for newer vehicles. Observations showed poor compatibility between the local exhaust extraction system and modern diffuser style tailpipes, uneven airflow distribution, and mechanical problems such as hose disconnections. These issues increase the risk of diesel exhaust exposure and potential safety hazards during normal operations. Overall, the fire department could consider functional adjustments, equipment repairs, and reconfiguration to ensure effective exhaust capture and safe operation to further reduce potential exposures. AN - cdc:258737 DO - 10.26616/NIOSHHHE202300993430 J2 - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health KW - Vehicle Emissions KW - Ventilation KW - Safety KW - Occupational Health KW - Region 7; Fire fighters; Diesel exhaust; Motor vehicles; Particulates; Exhaust ventilation; Elemental carbon; Control methods; KW - Author Keywords: Fire Protection; Diesel Exhaust; Elemental Carbon; Ventilation; Fire Station; Firefighters KW - Occupational Health KW - Safety KW - Vehicle Emissions KW - Ventilation PB - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health PY - 2026/03/01 T2 - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health T2 - Cincinnati, OH: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, HHE 2023-0099-3430, 2026 Mar; :1-29 T3 - Health Hazard Evaluation Reports (HHE) TI - Health Hazard Evaluation Report No. 2023-0099-3430: Evaluation of Diesel Exhaust Control Methods at a Fire Station UR - https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/258737 ER -
Health Hazard Evaluation Report No. 2023-0033-3427: Evaluation of Peracetic Acid Exposure and Symptoms Among Employees at a Beverage Manufacturing Facility

Charles, Melissa ;

Rinsky, Jessica L.

2026/02/01 | Health Hazard Evaluation Reports (HHE)

A union representing employees at a beverage processing plant requested a health hazard evaluation because they were concerned with employee exposures to peracetic acid (PAA), which is used to sanitize containers prior to filling them with beverages. During our visits to the facility, we spoke with employees about their work and health and safety c ...

08/10/2026

Title : Health Hazard Evaluation Report No. 2023-0033-3427: Evaluation of Peracetic Acid Exposure and Symptoms Among Employees at a Beverage Manufacturing Facility Personal Author(s) : Charles, Melissa;Rinsky, Jessica L.;Grant, Michael P.;Dunn, Kevin H.; Published Date : 2026/02/01 Pages in Document : 44 pdf pages Series : Health Hazard Evaluation Reports (HHE) Source : Cincinnati, OH: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, HHE 2023-0033-3427, 2026 Feb; :1-43 DOI : 10.26616/NIOSHHHE202300333427 Journal Title : National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
Charles, Melissa et al. (2026). Health Hazard Evaluation Report No. 2023-0033-3427: Evaluation of Peracetic Acid Exposure and Symptoms Among Employees at a Beverage Manufacturing Facility. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. https://doi.org/10.26616/NIOSHHHE202300333427

Charles, Melissa et al. "Health Hazard Evaluation Report No. 2023-0033-3427: Evaluation of Peracetic Acid Exposure and Symptoms Among Employees at a Beverage Manufacturing Facility" National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (2026), https://doi.org/10.26616/NIOSHHHE202300333427

Charles, Melissa et al. "Health Hazard Evaluation Report No. 2023-0033-3427: Evaluation of Peracetic Acid Exposure and Symptoms Among Employees at a Beverage Manufacturing Facility" National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, , 2026, https://doi.org/10.26616/NIOSHHHE202300333427
Export RIS Citation Information. TY - Field Study AU - Charles, Melissa AU - Rinsky, Jessica L. AU - Grant, Michael P. AU - Dunn, Kevin H. AB - A union representing employees at a beverage processing plant requested a health hazard evaluation because they were concerned with employee exposures to peracetic acid (PAA), which is used to sanitize containers prior to filling them with beverages. During our visits to the facility, we spoke with employees about their work and health and safety concerns, reviewed workplace policies and procedures, observed work processes and work practices, collected air samples for PAA, acetic acid, and hydrogen peroxide, measured PAA, temperature, and relative humidity with direct-reading instruments, and administered confidential questionnaires to employees. We found that levels of PAA in air were mostly below the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH®), threshold limit value (TLV®) short-term exposure limit (STEL) of 0.4 parts per million (ppm), the only available occupational exposure limit. However, area air samples ranged from non-detectable to 0.53 ppm and varied by work location. Employees would have negligible exposures to hydrogen peroxide and acetic acid when working near sterilizers, based on personal and area sample results. Despite this, chronic and acute work-related symptoms, specifically mucous membrane irritation symptoms (i.e., eye and nose irritation), were common among employees. Work-related lower respiratory symptoms were also reported by employees but were less common. Although we did not consistently observe statistically significant associations between work characteristics or measured PAA exposure and the prevalence of symptoms, previous literature supports associations between these factors and symptoms. Taken together with existing information, our results indicate a need to (1) use a combination of preventative maintenance, and engineering and administrative controls to reduce employee exposures, and (2) monitor respiratory and eye symptoms among employees working with or around PAA. AN - cdc:258736 DO - 10.26616/NIOSHHHE202300333427 J2 - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Respiratory System KW - Safety KW - Occupational Health KW - Peracetic Acid KW - Eye KW - Region 4; Canning industry; Peracetic acid; Acetic acid; Hydrogen peroxide; Cleaning compounds; Occupational exposure; Foodstuff; Eye irritants; Mucous membranes; Respiratory irritants; KW - Author Keywords: Fruit and Vegetable Canning; Peracetic Acid; Acetic Acid; Hydrogen Peroxide KW - Eye KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Occupational Health KW - Peracetic Acid KW - Respiratory System KW - Safety PB - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health PY - 2026/02/01 T2 - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health T2 - Cincinnati, OH: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, HHE 2023-0033-3427, 2026 Feb; :1-43 T3 - Health Hazard Evaluation Reports (HHE) TI - Health Hazard Evaluation Report No. 2023-0033-3427: Evaluation of Peracetic Acid Exposure and Symptoms Among Employees at a Beverage Manufacturing Facility UR - https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/258736 ER -
Effect Modification by Levels of Sex Hormones in the Association Between Adiposity and Cancer Incidence in the UK Biobank

Lucas, Lee Ann

;

Lu, Yujia

2025/12/02 | Cancer Prev Res 2025 Dec; 18(12):735-744 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)

The role of sex hormones in the sex difference between adiposity and cancer risk remains unclear. We examined body mass index (BMI) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) estimated using a validated equation in relation to cancer incidence according to serum sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), testosterone, and estradiol among 451,500 UK Biobank partic ...

08/10/2026

Title : Effect Modification by Levels of Sex Hormones in the Association Between Adiposity and Cancer Incidence in the UK Biobank Personal Author(s) : Lucas, Lee Ann;Lu, Yujia;Giovannucci, Edward;Song, Mingyang; Published Date : 2025/12/02 Pages in Document : 18 pdf pages Source : Cancer Prev Res 2025 Dec; 18(12):735-744 URL : https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/258735 Journal Title : Cancer Prevention Research
Lucas, Lee Ann et al. (2025). Effect Modification by Levels of Sex Hormones in the Association Between Adiposity and Cancer Incidence in the UK Biobank. Cancer Prevention Research. 18(12).

Lucas, Lee Ann et al. "Effect Modification by Levels of Sex Hormones in the Association Between Adiposity and Cancer Incidence in the UK Biobank" Cancer Prevention Research 18, no. 12 (2025)

Lucas, Lee Ann et al. "Effect Modification by Levels of Sex Hormones in the Association Between Adiposity and Cancer Incidence in the UK Biobank" Cancer Prevention Research, vol. 18, no. 12, 2025
Export RIS Citation Information. TY - Journal Article AU - Lucas, Lee Ann AU - Lu, Yujia AU - Giovannucci, Edward AU - Song, Mingyang AB - The role of sex hormones in the sex difference between adiposity and cancer risk remains unclear. We examined body mass index (BMI) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) estimated using a validated equation in relation to cancer incidence according to serum sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), testosterone, and estradiol among 451,500 UK Biobank participants. For cancers showing a sex-specific adiposity association, we used Cox regression to calculate multivariable HRs per increase between the 10th and 90th percentiles of adiposity according to low versus high sex hormone levels. We documented 42,949 cancers over a median follow-up of 13.1 years. BMI and VAT were more strongly associated with a higher risk of esophageal, liver, and colorectal cancers in males than in females. In males, BMI showed a stronger association with esophageal (HR for high vs. low SHBG = 2.38 vs. 1.62; Pinteraction = 0.04) and liver cancers (HR = 3.24 vs. 1.96; Pinteraction = 0.03) among those with high versus low SHBG, whereas an opposite pattern was observed for colorectal cancer (HR = 1.12 vs. 1.47; Pinteraction = 0.03). Among females, BMI was associated with a higher esophageal cancer risk in those with low (HR = 1.68) but not high SHBG (HR = 0.64; Pinteraction = 0.025); for liver cancer, results were similar but statistically nonsignificant. No interaction by estradiol or testosterone was detected. Similar results were observed for VAT. SHBG may be an important factor underlying the sex difference in adiposity-associated risk for colorectal, esophageal, and liver cancers. Prevention Relevance: Understanding the interactions between sex hormones and adiposity can help explain sex differences in cancer risk associated with body fat. Our findings suggest that SHBG may be a promising target for future research on strategies to reduce the risk of colorectal, esophageal, and liver cancers in individuals with excess adiposity. AN - cdc:258735 IS - 12 J2 - Cancer Prevention Research KW - Gonadal Steroid Hormones KW - Body Mass Index KW - Neoplasms KW - Safety KW - Occupational Health KW - Hormone activity; Hormones; Adipose tissue; Body Mass Index; BMI; Cancer rates; Epidemiology; Colorectal cancer; Liver cancer KW - Body Mass Index KW - Gonadal Steroid Hormones KW - Neoplasms KW - Occupational Health KW - Safety PY - 2025/12/02 T2 - Cancer Prevention Research T2 - Cancer Prev Res 2025 Dec; 18(12):735-744 TI - Effect Modification by Levels of Sex Hormones in the Association Between Adiposity and Cancer Incidence in the UK Biobank VL - 18 UR - https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/258735 ER -
Probable Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Related to the September 11, 2001, Terrorist Attacks and Self-Inflicted Injury-Related Hospitalizations and Emergency Department Visits

Locke, Sean

;

Sisti, Julia S.

2026/02/01 | J Trauma Stress 2026 Feb; 39(1):110-118 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)

Self-inflicted injury is a known risk factor for suicide. Previous studies have reported associations between posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and self-inflicted injury; however, this association has not been widely studied among disaster-exposed populations. Among 50,386 enrollees in the World Trade Center Health Registry, a cohort of individu ...

08/10/2026

Title : Probable Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Related to the September 11, 2001, Terrorist Attacks and Self-Inflicted Injury-Related Hospitalizations and Emergency Department Visits Personal Author(s) : Locke, Sean;Sisti, Julia S.;Takemoto, Erin;Sell, Kacie;Pollari, Cristina;Cone, James E.;Li, Jiehui; Published Date : 2026/02/01 Pages in Document : 9 pdf pages Source : J Trauma Stress 2026 Feb; 39(1):110-118 URL : https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/258734 Journal Title : Journal of Traumatic Stress
Locke, Sean et al. (2026). Probable Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Related to the September 11, 2001, Terrorist Attacks and Self-Inflicted Injury-Related Hospitalizations and Emergency Department Visits. Journal of Traumatic Stress. 39

Locke, Sean et al. "Probable Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Related to the September 11, 2001, Terrorist Attacks and Self-Inflicted Injury-Related Hospitalizations and Emergency Department Visits" Journal of Traumatic Stress 39 (2026)

Locke, Sean et al. "Probable Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Related to the September 11, 2001, Terrorist Attacks and Self-Inflicted Injury-Related Hospitalizations and Emergency Department Visits" Journal of Traumatic Stress, vol. 39, 2026
Export RIS Citation Information. TY - Journal Article AU - Locke, Sean AU - Sisti, Julia S. AU - Takemoto, Erin AU - Sell, Kacie AU - Pollari, Cristina AU - Cone, James E. AU - Li, Jiehui AB - Self-inflicted injury is a known risk factor for suicide. Previous studies have reported associations between posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and self-inflicted injury; however, this association has not been widely studied among disaster-exposed populations. Among 50,386 enrollees in the World Trade Center Health Registry, a cohort of individuals exposed to the September 11, 2001, attacks in New York City (9/11), we examined longitudinal associations between probable 9/11-related PTSD and hospitalizations and emergency department (ED) visits for self-inflicted injuries that occurred between study enrollment (2003-2004) and 2015. Time-dependent Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for associations of time-varying probable 9/11-related PTSD and self-inflicted injury, adjusting for sociodemographic and pre-9/11 mental health symptoms. At study enrollment, 11.0% of enrollees had probable PTSD. Over a median follow-up period of 11.2 years, a total of 171 hospitalizations/ED visits for self-inflicted injury occurred among 146 enrollees. When comparing individuals with probable PTSD to those without probable PTSD, the multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio for self-inflicted injury was 2.45, 95% CI [1.63, 3.66]. Evidence of effect modification by age group was not observed. Our findings suggest that surveillance for PTSD among disaster-exposed populations may help identify individuals at high risk of self-inflicted injury who could benefit from targeted interventions. AN - cdc:258734 J2 - Journal of Traumatic Stress KW - Suicide KW - Safety KW - September 11 Terrorist Attacks KW - Occupational Health KW - Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic KW - Mental Health KW - Post-traumatic stress disorder; PTSD; WTC; World Trade Center; Terrorism; Mental health; Suicide; Injuries; Emergency care; Medical care; Cohort studies; Longitudinal study KW - Mental Health KW - Occupational Health KW - Safety KW - September 11 Terrorist Attacks KW - Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic KW - Suicide PY - 2026/02/01 T2 - Journal of Traumatic Stress T2 - J Trauma Stress 2026 Feb; 39(1):110-118 TI - Probable Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Related to the September 11, 2001, Terrorist Attacks and Self-Inflicted Injury-Related Hospitalizations and Emergency Department Visits VL - 39 UR - https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/258734 ER -
From Knowledge to Action: Engaging Washington's Commercial Fishing Community in Substance Use Awareness and Prevention

Dennistoun, Autumn ;

Kasner, Edward

2026/03/10 | J Agromedicine 2026 Mar; :Epub ahead of print | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)

Objectives: Commercial fishing is among the most hazardous occupations in the United States, with high rates of injury, chronic pain, and opioid-related overdose deaths. Washington's fishing community has expressed concern about substance use, highlighting the need for practical, industry-specific training. Methods: This project applied the Knowled ...

08/10/2026

Title : From Knowledge to Action: Engaging Washington's Commercial Fishing Community in Substance Use Awareness and Prevention Personal Author(s) : Dennistoun, Autumn;Kasner, Edward;Damewood, Denise;Maw, Robert;Willgerodt, Mayumi; Published Date : 2026/03/10 Pages in Document : 9 pdf pages Source : J Agromedicine 2026 Mar; :[Epub ahead of print] URL : https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/258733 Journal Title : Journal of Agromedicine
Dennistoun, Autumn et al. (2026). From Knowledge to Action: Engaging Washington's Commercial Fishing Community in Substance Use Awareness and Prevention. Journal of Agromedicine.

Dennistoun, Autumn et al. "From Knowledge to Action: Engaging Washington's Commercial Fishing Community in Substance Use Awareness and Prevention" Journal of Agromedicine (2026)

Dennistoun, Autumn et al. "From Knowledge to Action: Engaging Washington's Commercial Fishing Community in Substance Use Awareness and Prevention" Journal of Agromedicine, , 2026
Export RIS Citation Information. TY - Journal Article AU - Dennistoun, Autumn AU - Kasner, Edward AU - Damewood, Denise AU - Maw, Robert AU - Willgerodt, Mayumi AB - Objectives: Commercial fishing is among the most hazardous occupations in the United States, with high rates of injury, chronic pain, and opioid-related overdose deaths. Washington's fishing community has expressed concern about substance use, highlighting the need for practical, industry-specific training. Methods: This project applied the Knowledge to Action (KTA) framework to adapt and implement an overdose response training within the Fishermen First Aid and Safety Training (FFAST) program in Washington state. Training combined a didactic presentation, hands-on naloxone (NARCAN®) administration practice, and distribution of harm reduction materials. Results: There were 25 commercial fishermen who participated, primarily shellfish harvesters. In pre-training, 54% reported knowledge of naloxone (NARCAN®) administration, yet 91% did not carry naloxone (NARCAN®) on their vessels, revealing a gap between knowledge and practical application. Post-training, 100% reported increased knowledge and confidence, and 70% indicated plans to include naloxone (NARCAN®) in their first aid kits. Participants emphasized the value of hands-on practice and identified several barriers, including occupational isolation, limited access to healthcare, and stigma. Conclusions: Integrating overdose response into established safety programs provides a feasible, community-driven strategy to address opioid risk among fishermen. This training improves emergency preparedness and highlights the importance of translating theoretical knowledge into action within high-risk, remote occupational settings such as commercial fishing vessels. AN - cdc:258733 J2 - Journal of Agromedicine KW - Safety KW - Substance-Related Disorders KW - Occupational Health KW - Substance use; Opioids; Drug overdose; Fishing industry; First aid; Safety education; Training; Intervention effectiveness; Isolation; Injury prevention; KW - Author Keywords: Commercial fishing; fishermen safety; fishing industry; harm reduction; knowledge to action framework; naloxone training; occupational health; occupational injury prevention; opioid overdose; safety training programs KW - Occupational Health KW - Safety KW - Substance-Related Disorders PY - 2026/03/10 T2 - Journal of Agromedicine T2 - J Agromedicine 2026 Mar; :[Epub ahead of print] TI - From Knowledge to Action: Engaging Washington's Commercial Fishing Community in Substance Use Awareness and Prevention UR - https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/258733 ER -
Differentiating the In Vitro Toxicity of Solid-Surface Composite Dust: A Comparison of Material Components and Abrasive Particles

Mandler, W. Kyle ;

McKinney, Walter G.

2025/11/01 | Toxicol Lett 2025 Nov; 413:111743 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)

Background: Workers fabricating solid-surface composite (SSC) materials like Corian® are exposed to airborne particulate matter (PM) containing aluminum trihydrate (ATH) and potentially abrasive particles from sanding tools, leading to concerns about respiratory health effects like pulmonary fibrosis. However, the relative toxicological contributio ...

08/10/2026

Title : Differentiating the In Vitro Toxicity of Solid-Surface Composite Dust: A Comparison of Material Components and Abrasive Particles Personal Author(s) : Mandler, W. Kyle;McKinney, Walter G.;Qi, Chaolong;Knepp, Alycia K.;Lee, Eun Gyung;Kang, Seungkoo;Keeley, Sarah;Qian, Yong; Published Date : 2025/11/01 Pages in Document : 8 pdf pages Source : Toxicol Lett 2025 Nov; 413:111743 URL : https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/258732 Journal Title : Toxicology Letters
Mandler, W. Kyle et al. (2025). Differentiating the In Vitro Toxicity of Solid-Surface Composite Dust: A Comparison of Material Components and Abrasive Particles. Toxicology Letters. 413

Mandler, W. Kyle et al. "Differentiating the In Vitro Toxicity of Solid-Surface Composite Dust: A Comparison of Material Components and Abrasive Particles" Toxicology Letters 413 (2025)

Mandler, W. Kyle et al. "Differentiating the In Vitro Toxicity of Solid-Surface Composite Dust: A Comparison of Material Components and Abrasive Particles" Toxicology Letters, vol. 413, 2025
Export RIS Citation Information. TY - Journal Article AU - Mandler, W. Kyle AU - McKinney, Walter G. AU - Qi, Chaolong AU - Knepp, Alycia K. AU - Lee, Eun Gyung AU - Kang, Seungkoo AU - Keeley, Sarah AU - Qian, Yong AB - Background: Workers fabricating solid-surface composite (SSC) materials like Corian® are exposed to airborne particulate matter (PM) containing aluminum trihydrate (ATH) and potentially abrasive particles from sanding tools, leading to concerns about respiratory health effects like pulmonary fibrosis. However, the relative toxicological contributions of the SSC material versus the sandpaper abrasives remain unclear. Objective: This study aimed to compare the in vitro cellular responses induced by respirable dust generated from sanding SSC with different commercial sandpapers (aluminum oxide [Al2O3], ceramic, silicon carbide [SiC]) to the responses elicited by ATH and corresponding abrasive analogue particles. Methods: Respirable dust (PM with an aerodynamic diameter less than 5 µm) was generated from sanding Corian® using the three sandpaper types via a fluidized bed generator coupled with a cyclone separator. Human monocytic THP-1 cells, differentiated into macrophage-like cells, were exposed for 48 h to suspensions of these SSC dusts, ATH, or Al2O3, ceramic, and SiC abrasive analogue particles (10 µg/well). Cytotoxicity (LDH release), apoptosis (Caspase 3/7 activity), necrosis (propidium iodide uptake), cell cycle distribution, and nuclear morphology (including mono-, bi-, multi-, and micronucleation) and the Nuclear Division Index were assessed. Results: Exposure to SSC dusts generated with any sandpaper type, as well as ATH, resulted in significant increases in apoptosis compared to controls. However, these exposures did not cause significant LDH release or alterations in cell cycle progression or mitotic indices. Conversely, the Al2O3, ceramic, and SiC abrasive analogue particles induced significant disruptions in cell cycle (S phase population reduction) and mitosis (increased multinucleation, micronucleation, and NDI), alongside apoptosis (Al2O3, SiC) or necrosis (ceramic, SiC), but also caused minimal LDH release. Conclusion: Under these in vitro conditions, the apoptotic response to respirable SSC sanding dust appears primarily driven by components inherent to the SSC material itself, consistent with the effects of ATH. This response profile was distinct from the cell cycle arrest and mitotic disruption prominently caused by the abrasive analogue particles. These findings suggest the intrinsic properties of SSC material components are key drivers of initial macrophage responses in vitro, differing significantly from the effects of the abrasive materials alone. AN - cdc:258732 J2 - Toxicology Letters KW - Dust KW - Safety KW - Occupational Health KW - Particulate Matter KW - Manufacturing; Particulate dust; Particulates; Respirable dust; Abrasives; In vitro study; Aluminum compounds; Cellular effects; Toxicology; Macrophages; Aluminum oxide; KW - Author Keywords: Solid-surface composite; Aluminum trihydrate; Particulates; in vitro toxicity; Aluminum oxide KW - Dust KW - Occupational Health KW - Particulate Matter KW - Safety PY - 2025/11/01 T2 - Toxicology Letters T2 - Toxicol Lett 2025 Nov; 413:111743 TI - Differentiating the In Vitro Toxicity of Solid-Surface Composite Dust: A Comparison of Material Components and Abrasive Particles VL - 413 UR - https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/258732 ER -
Subtypes of Multiple-Etiology Dementias and the Heterogeneous Impact of APOE Variants

Pirraglia, Elizabeth

;

Osorio, Ricardo S.

2025/11/01 | Alzheimers Dement 2025 Nov; 21(11):e70872 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)

INTRODUCTION: Multiple-etiology dementias (MEDs) are frequently identified at autopsy but often missed in clinical diagnosis, limiting the efficiency of dementia research and treatment. This study aimed to characterize subtypes of MEDs, evaluate clinical underdiagnosis, and assess the heterogeneous impact of apolipoprotein E (APOE) variants on mort ...

08/10/2026

Title : Subtypes of Multiple-Etiology Dementias and the Heterogeneous Impact of APOE Variants Personal Author(s) : Pirraglia, Elizabeth;Osorio, Ricardo S.;Glodzik, Lidia;Ashebir, Yibeltal A.;Shao, Yongzhao; Published Date : 2025/11/01 Pages in Document : 18 pdf pages Source : Alzheimers Dement 2025 Nov; 21(11):e70872 URL : https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/258731 Journal Title : Alzheimer's & Dementia
Pirraglia, Elizabeth et al. (2025). Subtypes of Multiple-Etiology Dementias and the Heterogeneous Impact of APOE Variants. Alzheimer's & Dementia. 21

Pirraglia, Elizabeth et al. "Subtypes of Multiple-Etiology Dementias and the Heterogeneous Impact of APOE Variants" Alzheimer's & Dementia 21 (2025)

Pirraglia, Elizabeth et al. "Subtypes of Multiple-Etiology Dementias and the Heterogeneous Impact of APOE Variants" Alzheimer's & Dementia, vol. 21, 2025
Export RIS Citation Information. TY - Journal Article AU - Pirraglia, Elizabeth AU - Osorio, Ricardo S. AU - Glodzik, Lidia AU - Ashebir, Yibeltal A. AU - Shao, Yongzhao AB - INTRODUCTION: Multiple-etiology dementias (MEDs) are frequently identified at autopsy but often missed in clinical diagnosis, limiting the efficiency of dementia research and treatment. This study aimed to characterize subtypes of MEDs, evaluate clinical underdiagnosis, and assess the heterogeneous impact of apolipoprotein E (APOE) variants on mortality across MED subtypes. METHODS: Data from the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center (NACC) repository, which includes standardized clinical and autopsy assessments, were analyzed using competing risks survival models. RESULTS: Pure Alzheimer's disease (AD) neuropathology was rare, whereas mixed neuropathologies were common and frequently misdiagnosed as AD alone. APOE e4 decreased mortality risk in decedents without AD neuropathology and increased mortality in decedents with mixed AD neuropathology, but not in those with AD alone. APOE e2 increased mortality in decedents having vascular neuropathology with cerebral amyloid angiopathy. DISCUSSION: Heterogeneity in MEDs remains substantially underrecognized clinically. The effects of APOE variants vary by dementia subtype, emphasizing the need for refined diagnostic tools and personalized dementia treatment and care approaches. Highlights: Autopsy data revealed that pure Alzheimer's disease (AD) neuropathology is rare, whereas mixed pathologies are highly prevalent and frequently misdiagnosed as AD alone in clinical settings, underscoring the limitations of current diagnostic practices. Comprehensive neuropathological characterization of multiple-etiology dementia (MED) subtypes is crucial for uncovering the true complexity of dementia, which is often masked in clinical assessments. This approach enables a more accurate understanding of disease mechanisms and progression. We found that apolipoprotein E (APOE) e4 was associated with increased mortality risk in AD with co-pathologies, but not in pure AD without other neuropathologies. Conversely, APOE e4 was associated with decreased mortality risk in decedents who did not have AD neuropathology. APOE e2 was protective in some AD-related subtypes but was associated with higher mortality risk in cerebral amyloid angiopathy with other vascular neuropathologies, highlighting the heterogeneous impact of genetic risk factors across subtypes. The differential effects of APOE variants across MED subtypes emphasize the need to evaluate biomarkers and risk factors within the context of underlying neuropathological profiles rather than broad clinical categories. These findings reinforce the need to develop and implement more refined, subtype-specific biomarkers and diagnostic protocols to enable precision prevention and personalized treatment strategies for the diverse forms of MED. AN - cdc:258731 J2 - Alzheimer's & Dementia KW - Dementia KW - Nervous System KW - Safety KW - Occupational Health KW - Clinical diagnosis; Neuromotor disorders; Mortality rates; Autopsies; Neuropathology; Biomarkers; Genetic factors; Etiology; KW - Author Keywords: APOE; clinical etiology; competing risks; heterogeneity; mixed dementia; multiple-etiology dementias; neuropathology; survival analysis KW - Dementia KW - Nervous System KW - Occupational Health KW - Safety PY - 2025/11/01 T2 - Alzheimer's & Dementia T2 - Alzheimers Dement 2025 Nov; 21(11):e70872 TI - Subtypes of Multiple-Etiology Dementias and the Heterogeneous Impact of APOE Variants VL - 21 UR - https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/258731 ER -
Status of Mental Health and Working Conditions Among Workers Employed in Small Businesses in 2018 and 2022

Hudson, Heidi L.

;

Davis, Jonathan A.

2026/04/01 | J Occup Environ Med 2026 Apr; 68(4):320-326 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess psychosocial working conditions and mental health status among US workers in small businesses. Methods: Data from the 2018 and 2022 General Social Survey's Quality of Worklife module were used to examine mental health and psychosocial working conditions among US adults employed by businesses with 1 to ...

08/10/2026

Title : Status of Mental Health and Working Conditions Among Workers Employed in Small Businesses in 2018 and 2022 Personal Author(s) : Hudson, Heidi L.;Davis, Jonathan A.; Published Date : 2026/04/01 Pages in Document : 7 pdf pages Source : J Occup Environ Med 2026 Apr; 68(4):320-326 URL : https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/258730 Journal Title : Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine
Hudson, Heidi L. and Davis, Jonathan A. (2026). Status of Mental Health and Working Conditions Among Workers Employed in Small Businesses in 2018 and 2022. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine. 68(4).

Hudson, Heidi L. and Davis, Jonathan A. "Status of Mental Health and Working Conditions Among Workers Employed in Small Businesses in 2018 and 2022" Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 68, no. 4 (2026)

Hudson, Heidi L. and Davis, Jonathan A. "Status of Mental Health and Working Conditions Among Workers Employed in Small Businesses in 2018 and 2022" Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, vol. 68, no. 4, 2026
Export RIS Citation Information. TY - Journal Article AU - Hudson, Heidi L. AU - Davis, Jonathan A. AB - Objective: The aim of this study was to assess psychosocial working conditions and mental health status among US workers in small businesses. Methods: Data from the 2018 and 2022 General Social Survey's Quality of Worklife module were used to examine mental health and psychosocial working conditions among US adults employed by businesses with 1 to 49 employees. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression analyses were conducted, adjusting for race, education, marital status, age, and job tenure. Results: Using combined data, workers reporting low job satisfaction, lack of management priority for safety, high work-family conflict, unfair wages, and limited promotion opportunities had significantly higher odds of reporting one or more poor mental health days in the past 30 days, compared with those reporting more favorable working conditions. Conclusions: Findings highlight modifiable workplace factors that may lead to improved mental health among small business workers. AN - cdc:258730 IS - 4 J2 - Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine KW - Safety KW - Occupational Health KW - Stress, Psychological KW - Mental Health KW - Mental health; Small businesses; Psychosocial factors; Employee satisfaction; Work-family conflict; Wellbeing; Job stress; Quality of work life; QWL; KW - Author Keywords: small business; mental health; Quality of Worklife; worker wellbeing; workplace health; work-related stress KW - Mental Health KW - Occupational Health KW - Safety KW - Stress, Psychological PY - 2026/04/01 T2 - Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine T2 - J Occup Environ Med 2026 Apr; 68(4):320-326 TI - Status of Mental Health and Working Conditions Among Workers Employed in Small Businesses in 2018 and 2022 VL - 68 UR - https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/258730 ER -
Prevalence of Overnight Work (1 a.m. to 5 a.m.) Among United States Workers

Wong, Imelda S.

;

Alterman, Toni

2025/12/01 | Am J Ind Med 2025 Dec; 68(12):1088-1104 | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)

Background: Many factors have resulted in the normalization of nonstandard work schedules in recent decades, including globalization requiring working across time zones and growing demands for goods and services. This paper provides national estimates of overnight work in the USA. Methods: We used cross-sectional data from the 2015 National Health ...

08/10/2026

Title : Prevalence of Overnight Work (1 a.m. to 5 a.m.) Among United States Workers Personal Author(s) : Wong, Imelda S.;Alterman, Toni;Hittle, Beverly M.;Velazquez-Kronen, Raquel;Chen, I-Chen; Published Date : 2025/12/01 Pages in Document : 17 pdf pages Source : Am J Ind Med 2025 Dec; 68(12):1088-1104 URL : https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/258729 Journal Title : American Journal of Industrial Medicine
Wong, Imelda S. et al. (2025). Prevalence of Overnight Work (1 a.m. to 5 a.m.) Among United States Workers. American Journal of Industrial Medicine. 68

Wong, Imelda S. et al. "Prevalence of Overnight Work (1 a.m. to 5 a.m.) Among United States Workers" American Journal of Industrial Medicine 68 (2025)

Wong, Imelda S. et al. "Prevalence of Overnight Work (1 a.m. to 5 a.m.) Among United States Workers" American Journal of Industrial Medicine, vol. 68, 2025
Export RIS Citation Information. TY - Journal Article AU - Wong, Imelda S. AU - Alterman, Toni AU - Hittle, Beverly M. AU - Velazquez-Kronen, Raquel AU - Chen, I-Chen AB - Background: Many factors have resulted in the normalization of nonstandard work schedules in recent decades, including globalization requiring working across time zones and growing demands for goods and services. This paper provides national estimates of overnight work in the USA. Methods: We used cross-sectional data from the 2015 National Health Interview Survey (n = 19,386 US employed adults ≥ 18 years). This survey contained a unique definition of overnight work (i.e., between 1:00 a.m. and 5:00 a.m.), based on the window of circadian low. Weighted prevalence rates were provided across categories of sociodemographic characteristics, health status, health behaviors, and occupational factors. Results: We estimated more than 21 million US employed adults experienced overnight work (14.2%). Higher prevalence was found among men (17.8%), non-Hispanic Black adults (17.2%), non-US born adults (11.2%), those with some college (15.9%) or a high school (16.7%) education, or living in the Midwest region (15.8%). Compared to those sleeping 7-9 h (10.5%), higher percentages of adults working overnight slept < 7 h (21.4%) and > 9 h (17.0%). Increasing prevalence was observed with increasing weekly work hours (p < 0.0001). Higher prevalence was reported among multiple job holders (19.5%). Industries and occupations with the greatest percentage of overnight workers were Transportation, Warehousing and Utilities (29.3%), and Protective Services (47.4%). Conclusion: Our estimates of overnight work in 2015 are almost five times higher than estimates from 2004. Given that overnight work has been associated with adverse safety and health outcomes, additional policies and programs are needed to protect this growing population of workers. AN - cdc:258729 J2 - American Journal of Industrial Medicine KW - Circadian Rhythm KW - Safety KW - Shift Work Schedule KW - Occupational Health KW - Work schedules; Shift work; Cross sectional studies; National Health Interview Survey; NHIS; Epidemiology; Sleep; Sociodemographic factors; Occupations; Work intervals; Circadian rhythms; KW - Author Keywords: industry; National Health Interview Survey; night shift; nonstandard work schedule; occupation; overnight work; prevalence; shift work; US workers; work hours KW - Circadian Rhythm KW - Occupational Health KW - Safety KW - Shift Work Schedule PY - 2025/12/01 T2 - American Journal of Industrial Medicine T2 - Am J Ind Med 2025 Dec; 68(12):1088-1104 TI - Prevalence of Overnight Work (1 a.m. to 5 a.m.) Among United States Workers VL - 68 UR - https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/258729 ER -

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