Monovalent Rotavirus Vaccine Effectiveness and Long-term Impact Among Children <5 years Old in Antananarivo, Madagascar, 2010-2022.

Details

• Alternative Title:
  Vaccine, 2024, v. 42, no. 26: Monovalent Rotavirus Vaccine Effectiveness and Long-term Impact Among Children <5 years Old in Antananarivo, Madagascar, 2010-2022.
• Journal Article:
  Vaccine
• Personal Author:
  Raboba, Julia Liliane ; Rahajamanana, Vonintsoa Lalaina ; Rakotojoelimaria, Haganiaina Elsa ; Vuo Masembe, Yolande ; Martin, Patricia Rasoamihanta ; Weldegebriel, Goitom G. ; Diallo, Alpha Oumar ; Burnett, Eleanor ; Tate, Jaqueline E. ; Parashar, Umesh D. ; Mwenda, Jason M. ; Seheri, Mapaseka ; Magagula, Nonkululeko ; Mphahlele, Jeffrey ; Robinson, Annick Lalaina
• Description:
  Monovalent rotavirus vaccine substantially reduced rotavirus disease burden after introduction (May 2014) in Madagascar. We examined the effectiveness and long-term impact on acute watery diarrhea and rotavirus-related hospitalizations among children <5 years old at two hospitals in Antananarivo, Madagascar (2010-2022).
  
  We used a test-negative case-control design to estimate monovalent rotavirus vaccine effectiveness (VE) against laboratory-confirmed rotavirus hospitalizations among children age 6-23 months with documented vaccination status adjusted for year of symptom onset, rotavirus season, age group, nutritional status, and clinical severity. To evaluate the impact, we expanded to children age 0-59 months with acute watery diarrhea. First, we used admission logbook data to compare the proportion of all hospitalizations attributed to diarrhea in the pre-vaccine (January 2010-December 2013), transition period (January 2014-December 2014), and post-vaccine (January 2015-December 2022) periods. Second, we used active surveillance data (June 2013-May 2022) to describe rotavirus positivity and detected genotypes by vaccine introduction period and surveillance year (1 June-31 May).
  
  Adjusted VE of at least one dose against hospitalization due to rotavirus diarrhea among children age 6-23 months was 61 % (95 % CI: -39 %-89 %). The annual median proportion of hospitalizations attributed to diarrhea declined from 28 % in the pre-vaccine to 10 % in the post-vaccine period. Rotavirus positivity among hospitalized children age 0-59 months with acute watery diarrhea was substantially higher during the pre-vaccine (59 %) than the post-vaccine (23 %) period. In the pre-vaccine period, G3P8 (76 %) and G2P4 (12 %) were the dominant genotypes detected. Although genotypes varied by surveillance year, G1P8 and G2P4 represented >50 % of the genotypes detected post-introduction.
  
  Rotavirus vaccine has been successfully implemented in Madagascar's routine childhood immunization program and had a large impact on rotavirus disease burden, supporting continued use of rotavirus vaccines in Madagascar.
• Content Notes:
  Author manuscript
• Subjects:
  • Humans
  • Rotavirus Vaccines
  • Rotavirus Infections
  • Infant
  • Child, Preschool
  • Diarrhea
  • Hospitalization
  • Case-Control Studies
  • Female
  • Male
  More +
• Keywords:
  • Rotavirus
  • Rotavirus vaccine effectiveness
  • Rotavirus vaccine impact
  • Rotavirus surveillance
  • Genotype
  • Madagascar
• Source:
  Vaccine, 2024, v. 42, no. 26
• DOI:
  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.126321
• ISSN:
  0264-410X ; 1873-2518
• Pubmed ID:
  39260057
• Pubmed Central ID:
  PMC11866102
• Document Type:
  Text
• Funding:
  001/WHO_/World Health OrganizationInternational/ ; CC999999/ImCDC/Intramural CDC HHSUnited States/
• Genre:
  Journal Article
• Place as Subject:
  Madagascar
• Pages in Document:
  126321 (19 pdf pages)
• Volume:
  42
• Issue:
  26
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/262023/cdc_262023_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 950.71 KB]
• Collection(s):
  CDC Public Access
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:0add296d55528b762c76820ecff08911fea2db6c1ae57e815c4523b30c02a739efcb306f5328edac696214abeae03f55e3412819fa329da3ce797e87558cc805