Impact of Maternal HIV Infection and Placental Malaria on the Transplacental Transfer of Influenza Antibodies in Mother–Infant Pairs in Malawi, 2013–2014

Details

• Alternative Title:
  Open Forum Infect Dis
• Personal Author:
  Ho, Antonia ; Mapurisa, Gugulethu ; Madanitsa, Mwayiwawo ; Kalilani-Phiri, Linda ; Kamiza, Steve ; Makanani, B ; Ter Kuile, Feiko O ; Buys, Amelia ; Treurnicht, Florette ; Everett, Dean ; Mwapasa, Victor ; Widdowson, Marc-Alain ; Mcmorrow, Meredith ; Heyderman, Robert S
• Description:
  Background
  
  Maternal influenza vaccination protects infants against influenza virus infection. Impaired transplacental transfer of influenza antibodies may reduce this protection.
  
  Methods
  
  We conducted a cross-sectional study of influenza vaccine–naïve pregnant women recruited at delivery from Blantyre (urban, low malaria transmission) and Chikwawa (rural, high malaria transmission) in Southern Malawi. HIV-infected mothers were excluded in Chikwawa. Maternal and cord blood antibodies against circulating influenza strains A/California/7/2009, A/Victoria/361/2011, B/Brisbane/60/2008, and B/Wisconsin/1/2010 were measured by hemagglutination inhibition (HAI). We studied the impact of maternal HIV infection and placental malaria on influenza antibody levels in mother–infant pairs in Blantyre and Chikwawa, respectively.
  
  Results
  
  We included 454 mother–infant pairs (Blantyre, n = 253; Chikwawa, n = 201). HIV-infected mothers and their infants had lower seropositivity (HAI titer ≥1:40) against influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 (mothers, 24.3 vs 45.4%; P = .02; infants, 24.3 vs 50.5%; P = .003) and A(H3N2) (mothers, 37.8% vs 63.9%; P = .003; infants, 43.2 vs 64.8%; P = .01), whereas placental malaria had an inconsistent effect on maternal and infant seropositivity. In multivariable analyses, maternal HIV infection was associated with reduced infant seropositivity (A(H1N1)pdm09: adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.34; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.15–0.79; A(H3N2): aOR, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.21–0.89). Transplacental transfer was not impaired by maternal HIV or placental malaria.
  
  Conclusions
  
  Maternal HIV infection influenced maternal antibody response to influenza A virus infection, and thereby antibody levels in newborns, but did not affect transplacental antibody transfer.
  
  
• Subjects:
  Antibodies HIV Influenza Major Article Malaria Transplacental Transfer
• Source:
  Open Forum Infect Dis. 2019; 6(10)
• Pubmed ID:
  31660347
• Pubmed Central ID:
  PMC6785697
• Document Type:
  Journal Article
• Volume:
  6
• Issue:
  10
• Collection(s):
  CDC Public Access
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha256:0890fb7b6e01cb5146a551a1318ad8fdb6b4864860185e48d7b04464a21782b0
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/88996/cdc_88996_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 482.98 KB ]