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Summary report of uplink and downlink communications working group 
Filetype[PDF-1.14 MB]


Details:
  • Personal Author:
    Lagace, Robert L.
  • Conference Authors:
    Thru-the-Earth-Electromagnetics Workshop (1973 : Colorado School of Mines)
  • Description:
    The attention of this group was focussed on four through-the-earth communication systems that are presently of high interest to the U.S. Bureau of Mines; four systems for providing operational/emergency communications on the working sections of coal mines, indeed up to the very face of the section. The systems are: uplink-data, downlink-voice, sidelink-call alert coded page, sidelink-roof bolt voice page. Each of these systems makes use of the mine overburden as the signal transmission medium, as opposed to the guiding wires, cables, and tunnels treated by the operational communications working group. Each of these systems satisfies one or more of the Bureau's objectives for mine communications systems; namely • reliable links for monitoring the mine environment under both operational and emergency conditions. • reliable links for communicating with miners during emergencies. • special links for increasing the efficiency of day-to-day operations of the mine. Each of these systems has been successfully demonstrated on a limited experimental basis, and prototypes of all these systems are installed and operating in the USBM experimental mine in Bruceton, Pa. Each of these systems must now be optimized regarding its performance, and engineered for practical routine application to the working sections of actual operating coal mines, particularly those of the room and pillar type. This optimization and engineering must take place subject to the principal constraints listed by Howard E. Parkinson in his Workshop paper entitled, "Objectives and Constraints of Through-the-Earth Electromagnetic Communications Systems'' and enumerated below. • Depth of Mine Overburden • Overburden Conductivity • Electromagnetic Noise In and Above Mines • Limited In-Mine Electrical Energy (Stationary or Man Carried) During an Emergency • Intrinsic Safety for In-Mine Equipment • Practical and Rugged Equipment for Use Under Both operational/Emergency conditions • Severe Weight Limitations for Man Carried Equipment • Reasonably Low Costs Especially for Man Carried Equipment Part II of this paper provides a brief description of each system, while Part III summarizes the present status of developments related to these systems and some recommendations for future work needed to advance these systems to the practical application stage.

  • Document Type:
    Book Chapter
  • Collection(s):
    National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
  • Main Document Checksum:
  • Supporting Files:
    No Additional Files
    1. A discussion on the three-dimensional boundary value problem for electromagnetic fields
      Personal Author:
      Rankin, David
      Conference Authors:
      Thru-the-Earth-Electromagnetics Workshop (1973 : Colorado School of Mines)
      Published Date:
      1973
      Source:
      Proceedings of Thru-the-Earth Electromagnetics, August 15-17,1973, Colorado School of Mines, p. 92-94
      Series:
      Proceedings of Thru-the-Earth Electromagnetics, August 15-17,1973, Colorado School of Mines
      Description:
      Three -dimensional boundary value problems are difficult to solve. Indeed, while the separation of the scalar wave equation can be effected in 11 different coordinate systems, an analytic solution requires that the boundaries, both external and inter...
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 123.86 KB]
    2. The perturbation of alternating electromagnetic fields by three-dimensional bodies
      Personal Author:
      Jones, F. W.
      Conference Authors:
      Thru-the-Earth-Electromagnetics Workshop (1973 : Colorado School of Mines)
      Published Date:
      1973
      Source:
      Proceedings of Thru-the-Earth Electromagnetics, August 15-17,1973, Colorado School of Mines, p. 86-91
      Series:
      Proceedings of Thru-the-Earth Electromagnetics, August 15-17,1973, Colorado School of Mines
      Description:
      The perturbation of alternating electromagnetic fields by three-dimensional structures is considered. The general model is that of a semi-infinite conducting half -space which consists of regions of different conductivities. A numerical method is use...
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 143.65 KB]
    3. Performance of manpack electromagnetic location equipment in trapped miner location tests
      Personal Author:
      Farstad, Arnold J.
      Conference Authors:
      Thru-the-Earth-Electromagnetics Workshop (1973 : Colorado School of Mines)
      Published Date:
      1973
      Source:
      Proceedings of Thru-the-Earth Electromagnetics, August 15-17,1973, Colorado School of Mines, p. 62-72
      Series:
      Proceedings of Thru-the-Earth Electromagnetics, August 15-17,1973, Colorado School of Mines
      Description:
      The use of radio signals for underground communications was considered as early as the mid-1920's [1] - [4] . However, early experiments did not produce promising results with the type of equipment that was available then [5] . With advancements in s...
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 1010.41 KB]
    4. An underground electromagnetic sounder experiment
      Personal Author:
      Dolphin, Lambert; Bollen, Robert; Oetzel, George;
      Conference Authors:
      Thru-the-Earth-Electromagnetics Workshop (1973 : Colorado School of Mines)
      Published Date:
      1973
      Source:
      Proceedings of Thru-the-Earth Electromagnetics, August 15-17,1973, Colorado School of Mines, p. 168
      Series:
      Proceedings of Thru-the-Earth Electromagnetics, August 15-17,1973, Colorado School of Mines
      Description:
      An electromagnetic sounder developed for an archaeological application in Egypt has been successfully tested in a California dolomite mine. Chambers in the mine 100 to 130 feet from the surface gave intense, well-defined echoes consistent with an ave...
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 31.08 KB]
    5. Feasibility of a radiocommunication in mine galleries by means of a coaxial cable having a high coupling impedance
      Personal Author:
      Fontaine, J.; Demoulin, B.; Degauque, P.; Gabillard, R.;
      Conference Authors:
      Thru-the-Earth-Electromagnetics Workshop (1973 : Colorado School of Mines)
      Published Date:
      1973
      Source:
      Proceedings of Thru-the-Earth Electromagnetics, August 15-17,1973, Colorado School of Mines, p. 130-139
      Series:
      Proceedings of Thru-the-Earth Electromagnetics, August 15-17,1973, Colorado School of Mines
      Description:
      To realize a radiowave communication along mine galleries a few kilometers long without repeater, we show that it is possible to use a coaxial cable bearing an important surface transfer impedance like a transmission line with an inductive coupling t...
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 326.47 KB]
    6. Objectives and constraints of through-the-earth electromagnetic communication systems
      Personal Author:
      Parkinson, Howard E.
      Conference Authors:
      Thru-the-Earth-Electromagnetics Workshop (1973 : Colorado School of Mines)
      Published Date:
      1973
      Source:
      Proceedings of Thru-the-Earth Electromagnetics, August 15-17,1973, Colorado School of Mines, p. 1-8
      Series:
      Proceedings of Thru-the-Earth Electromagnetics, August 15-17,1973, Colorado School of Mines
      Description:
      In 1969, new coal mine health and safety legislation was enacted in the United States. As a result of this legislation, the Department of Interior, Bureau of Mines has carried out communications research aimed at developing whole mine communications ...
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 502.00 KB]
    7. State of knowledge of analytical techniques for thru-the-earth electromagnetic wave problems relevant to mine rescue
      Personal Author:
      Wait, James R.
      Conference Authors:
      Thru-the-Earth-Electromagnetics Workshop (1973 : Colorado School of Mines)
      Published Date:
      1973
      Source:
      Proceedings of Thru-the-Earth Electromagnetics, August 15-17,1973, Colorado School of Mines, p. 9-14
      Series:
      Proceedings of Thru-the-Earth Electromagnetics, August 15-17,1973, Colorado School of Mines
      Description:
      It is the purpose of this paper to review theoretical model concepts in through- the -earth transmission of electromagnetic waves. While the subject is very broad in its defined scope, we will be conscious of the specific applications to mine rescue ...
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 232.46 KB]
    8. Summary report on electromagnetic noise measurement program
      Personal Author:
      Adams, John W.
      Conference Authors:
      Thru-the-Earth-Electromagnetics Workshop (1973 : Colorado School of Mines)
      Published Date:
      1973
      Source:
      Proceedings of Thru-the-Earth Electromagnetics, August 15-17,1973, Colorado School of Mines, p. 169
      Series:
      Proceedings of Thru-the-Earth Electromagnetics, August 15-17,1973, Colorado School of Mines
      Description:
      The present status of the National Bureau of Standards program is that many magnetic tapes of analog data have been recorded in four major mines. Each mine uses different types of equipment. In addition, some surface measurements of noise have been m...
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 37.61 KB]
    9. Electromagnetic survey method applicable to underground quarries; proceedings of thru-the-earth electromagnetics workshop
      Personal Author:
      Gabillard, R.; Dubus, J. P.; Cherpereel, F.;
      Conference Authors:
      Thru-the-Earth-Electromagnetics Workshop (1973 : Colorado School of Mines)
      Published Date:
      1973
      Source:
      Proceedings of Thru-the-Earth Electromagnetics, August 15-17,1973, Colorado School of Mines, p. 121-129
      Series:
      Proceedings of Thru-the-Earth Electromagnetics, August 15-17,1973, Colorado School of Mines
      Description:
      We present an electromagnetic method taken from the well known radiogoniometer that allows us to locate at the surface of the ground the vertical axis of a magnetic antenna transmitter buried at a depth h in the earth. The method and the equipment ac...
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 739.67 KB]
    10. Theory of the propagation of UHF radio waves in coal mine tunnels
      Personal Author:
      Emslie, Alfred G.; Lagace, Robert L.; Strong, Peter F.;
      Conference Authors:
      Thru-the-Earth-Electromagnetics Workshop (1973 : Colorado School of Mines)
      Published Date:
      1973
      Source:
      Proceedings of Thru-the-Earth Electromagnetics, August 15-17,1973, Colorado School of Mines, p. 38-48
      Series:
      Proceedings of Thru-the-Earth Electromagnetics, August 15-17,1973, Colorado School of Mines
      Description:
      This paper is concerned with the theoretical study of UHF radio communication in coal mines, with particular reference to the rate of loss of signal strength along a tunnel, and from one tunnel to another around a comer. Of prime interest are the nat...
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 500.48 KB]
    11. Summary report of operational communications working group
      Personal Author:
      Roetter, Martyn F.
      Conference Authors:
      Thru-the-Earth-Electromagnetics Workshop (1973 : Colorado School of Mines)
      Published Date:
      1973
      Source:
      Proceedings of Thru-the-Earth Electromagnetics, August 15-17,1973, Colorado School of Mines, p. 202-217
      Series:
      Proceedings of Thru-the-Earth Electromagnetics, August 15-17,1973, Colorado School of Mines
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 640.36 KB]
    12. Theory and experiments relating to electromagnetic fields of buried sources with consequences to communication and location
      Personal Author:
      Geyer, Richard G.
      Conference Authors:
      Thru-the-Earth-Electromagnetics Workshop (1973 : Colorado School of Mines)
      Published Date:
      1973
      Source:
      Proceedings of Thru-the-Earth Electromagnetics, August 15-17,1973, Colorado School of Mines, p. 20-33
      Series:
      Proceedings of Thru-the-Earth Electromagnetics, August 15-17,1973, Colorado School of Mines
      Description:
      One aspect of a program to improve the chances of survival following coal mine disasters is the development of a communications system which will allow surviving miners to make their circumstances known to rescue teams. Various communications techniq...
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 370.87 KB]
    13. Guided propagation of radio waves
      Personal Author:
      Delogne, P.; Deryck, L.; Liegeois, R.;
      Conference Authors:
      Thru-the-Earth-Electromagnetics Workshop (1973 : Colorado School of Mines)
      Published Date:
      1973
      Source:
      Proceedings of Thru-the-Earth Electromagnetics, August 15-17,1973, Colorado School of Mines, p. 48-53
      Series:
      Proceedings of Thru-the-Earth Electromagnetics, August 15-17,1973, Colorado School of Mines
      Description:
      So far as the propagation of electromagnetic waves is concerned, an underground tunnel behaves like a pipe or hollowed waveguide. Waves propagate in this tunnel with a low attenuation only if their frequency is higher than a so-called critical freque...
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 193.64 KB]
    14. Use of the zonal harmonic series for obtaining numerical solutions to electromagnetic boundary value problems
      Personal Author:
      Lewis, Richard L.
      Conference Authors:
      Thru-the-Earth-Electromagnetics Workshop (1973 : Colorado School of Mines)
      Published Date:
      1973
      Source:
      Proceedings of Thru-the-Earth Electromagnetics, August 15-17,1973, Colorado School of Mines, p. 98-103
      Series:
      Proceedings of Thru-the-Earth Electromagnetics, August 15-17,1973, Colorado School of Mines
      Description:
      This is a discussion of the application of the zonal harmonic series to problems involving dipole sources in the vicinity of spherical boundaries. The application of a formal zonal-harmonic series solution to directly obtain numerical results involve...
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 522.62 KB]
    15. Admittance and effective height of buried antennas
      Personal Author:
      Franceschetti, Giorgio
      Conference Authors:
      Thru-the-Earth-Electromagnetics Workshop (1973 : Colorado School of Mines)
      Published Date:
      1973
      Source:
      Proceedings of Thru-the-Earth Electromagnetics, August 15-17,1973, Colorado School of Mines, p. 162-167
      Series:
      Proceedings of Thru-the-Earth Electromagnetics, August 15-17,1973, Colorado School of Mines
      Description:
      Explicit expressions are presented for the input admittance and effective height of several buried metal antennas, namely: (i) prolate spheroidal; (ii) spherical; (iii) oblate spheroidal; (iv) parallel plate; (v) parallel plate with protruding dielec...
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 27.45 KB]
    16. Electromagnetic transmission and detection at deep depths
      Personal Author:
      Starkey, D. B.
      Conference Authors:
      Thru-the-Earth-Electromagnetics Workshop (1973 : Colorado School of Mines)
      Published Date:
      1973
      Source:
      Proceedings of Thru-the-Earth Electromagnetics, August 15-17,1973, Colorado School of Mines, p. 140-148
      Series:
      Proceedings of Thru-the-Earth Electromagnetics, August 15-17,1973, Colorado School of Mines
      Description:
      nvestigation into the expressions of the field produced by a loop over a conducting half space or in an infinite conducting half space are well documented. Reasonably complex descriptions of the effects of stratification also are reported. However, a...
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 273.87 KB]
    17. Experimental comparison of buried and elevated ELF transmitting antennas
      Personal Author:
      Bannister, Peter R.; Williams, Frederick J.; Katan, J. Robert; Ball, John R.;
      Conference Authors:
      Thru-the-Earth-Electromagnetics Workshop (1973 : Colorado School of Mines)
      Published Date:
      1973
      Source:
      Proceedings of Thru-the-Earth Electromagnetics, August 15-17,1973, Colorado School of Mines, p. 162-167
      Series:
      Proceedings of Thru-the-Earth Electromagnetics, August 15-17,1973, Colorado School of Mines
      Description:
      During the last week in March and the first week in April, 1973, the Naval Underwater Systems Center measured the 76 Hz magnetic field strength (in Wisconsin and Texas) produced by both the elevated and (newly installed) buried Wisconsin Test Facilit...
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 249.63 KB]
    18. Radio propagation measurements in coal mines at UHF and VLF
      Personal Author:
      Goddard, Arthur E.
      Conference Authors:
      Thru-the-Earth-Electromagnetics Workshop (1973 : Colorado School of Mines)
      Published Date:
      1973
      Source:
      Proceedings of Thru-the-Earth Electromagnetics, August 15-17,1973, Colorado School of Mines, p. 54-61
      Series:
      Proceedings of Thru-the-Earth Electromagnetics, August 15-17,1973, Colorado School of Mines
      Description:
      Radio propagation measurements were conducted in a coal mine at UHF (200 to 1000 MHz) and VLF (1 to 50 kHz) to characterize the transmission loss of intra-mine paths. The basic experimental parameters included frequency, polarization, path orientatio...
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 346.24 KB]
    19. Summary report of electromagnetic location techniques working group 
      Personal Author:
      Farstad, Arnold J.
      Conference Authors:
      Thru-the-Earth-Electromagnetics Workshop (1973 : Colorado School of Mines)
      Published Date:
      1973
      Source:
      Proceedings of Thru-the-Earth Electromagnetics, August 15-17,1973, Colorado School of Mines, p. 171-177
      Series:
      Proceedings of Thru-the-Earth Electromagnetics, August 15-17,1973, Colorado School of Mines
      Description:
      The Location Group conversed in the Petroleum Room of the Green Center with the purpose of addressing the following list of topics in light of the Bureau of Mines' requirements for detecting and locating trapped miners by electromagnetic methods. The...
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 288.74 KB]
    20. The electromagnetic response of a buried sphere for buried dipole excitation 
      Personal Author:
      Hill, D. A.; Wait, J. R.;
      Conference Authors:
      Thru-the-Earth-Electromagnetics Workshop (1973 : Colorado School of Mines)
      Published Date:
      1973
      Source:
      Proceedings of Thru-the-Earth Electromagnetics, August 15-17,1973, Colorado School of Mines, p. 81-85
      Series:
      Proceedings of Thru-the-Earth Electromagnetics, August 15-17,1973, Colorado School of Mines
      Description:
      The feasibility of locating a buried vertical magnetic dipole source (horizontal loop) from surface measurements of the vertical and horizontal magnetic field components has been investigated by Wait (1971). , For sufficiently low frequencies, the ma...
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 186.51 KB]
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