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Bacterial meningitis epidemiology in 5 countries in the meningitis belt of sub-Saharan Africa, 2015–2017
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10 31 2019
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Source: J Infect Dis. 220(Suppl 4):S165-S174
[PDF-349.49 KB]
Details:
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Alternative Title:J Infect Dis
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Description:Background:
The MenAfriNet Consortium supports strategic implementation of case-based meningitis surveillance in key high-risk countries of the African meningitis belt: Burkina Faso, Chad, Mali, Niger, and Togo. We describe bacterial meningitis epidemiology in these 5 countries in 2015–2017.
Methods:
Case-based meningitis surveillance collects case-level demographic and clinical information and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) laboratory results. Neisseria meningitidis (Nm), Streptococcus pneumoniae (Sp), or Haemophilus influenzae (Hi) cases were confirmed and Nm/Hi were serogrouped/serotyped by real-time PCR, culture, or latex agglutination. We calculated annual incidence in participating districts in each country in cases/100,000 population.
Results:
From 2015–2017, 18,262 suspected meningitis cases were reported; 92% had a CSF specimen available, of which 26% were confirmed as Nm (n=2,433; 56%), Sp (n=1,758; 40%), or Hi (n=180; 4%). Average annual incidences for Nm, Sp, and Hi, respectively, were 7.5, 2.5, and 0.3. Nm incidence was 1.5 in Burkina Faso, 2.7 in Chad, 0.4 in Mali, 14.7 in Niger, and 12.5 in Togo. Several outbreaks occurred: NmC in Niger in 2015–2017, NmC in Mali in 2016, and NmW in Togo in 2016–2017. Of Nm cases, 53% were NmC, 30% NmW, and 13% NmX. Five NmA cases were reported (Burkina Faso, 2015). NmX increased from 0.6% of Nm cases in 2015 to 27% in 2017.
Conclusions:
Though bacterial meningitis epidemiology varied widely by country, NmC and NmW caused several outbreaks, NmX increased though was not associated with outbreaks, and overall NmA incidence remained low. An effective low-cost multivalent meningococcal conjugate vaccine could help further control meningococcal meningitis in the region.
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Pubmed ID:31671441
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Pubmed Central ID:PMC6853282
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