Ethylbenzene and Styrene Exposure in the United States based on Urinary Mandelic Acid and Phenylglyoxylic Acid: NHANES 2005 – 2006 and 2011 – 2012

Details

• Alternative Title:
  Environ Res
• Personal Author:
  Capella, Kimberly M. ; Roland, Katharine ; Geldner, Nathan ; deCastro, B. Rey ; De Jesús, Víctor R. ; van Bemmel, Dana ; Blount, Benjamin C.
• Description:
  Ethylbenzene and styrene are air toxicants with widespread nonoccupational exposure sources, including tobacco smoke and diet. Ethylbenzene and styrene (EB/S) exposure was quantified from their common metabolites measured in spot urine samples obtained from participants (≥6 years old) in the 2005-2006 and 2011-2012 cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES; N = 4690). EB/S metabolites mandelic acid (MA) and phenylglyoxylic acid (PGA) were measured using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-MS/MS). MA and PGA were detected in 98.9% and 90.6% of tested urine specimens, respectively. Exclusive smokers had 2-fold and 1.6-fold higher median urinary MA and PGA, respectively, compared with non-users. Sampleweighted regression analysis among exclusive smokers showed that smoking 0.5 pack cigarettes per day significantly increased MA (+97.9 μg/L) and PGA (+69.3 μg/L), controlling for potential confounders. In comparison, exposure from the median daily dietary intake of grain products increased MA by 1.95 μg/L and was not associated with statistically significant changes in urinary PGA levels. Conversely, consuming vegetables and fruit was associated with decreased MA and PGA. These results confirm tobacco smoke as a major source of ethylbenzene and styrene exposure for the general U.S. population.
• Subjects:
  Article Biomonitoring Ethylbenzene Mandelic Acid NHANES Phenylglyoxylic Acid Styrene Tobacco Smoke Exposure Urinary Metabolites
• Source:
  Environ Res. 171:101-110
• Pubmed ID:
  30660916
• Pubmed Central ID:
  PMC6382531
• Document Type:
  Journal Article
• Funding:
  CC999999/Intramural CDC HHS/United States
• Volume:
  171
• Collection(s):
  CDC Public Access
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha256:90ca5d0e48d551ae8a0d974cc7234d600293db8ce38d86757fccb85b15721413
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/76119/cdc_76119_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 682.03 KB ]