Crotonaldehyde exposure in U.S. tobacco smokers and nonsmokers: NHANES 2005–2006 and 2011–2012

Details

• Alternative Title:
  Environ Res
• Personal Author:
  Bagchi, Pritha ; Geldner, Nathan ; deCastro, B. Rey ; De Jesús, Víctor R. ; Park, Sang Ki ; Blount, Benjamin C.
• Description:
  Introduction ; Crotonaldehyde is an α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compound that is a potent eye, respiratory, and skin irritant. Crotonaldehyde is a major constituent of tobacco smoke and its exposure can be quantified using its urinary metabolite N-acetyl-S-(3-hydroxypropyl-1-methyl)-L-cysteine (HPMM). A large-scale biomonitoring study is needed to determine HPMM levels, as a measure of crotonaldehyde exposure, in the general U.S. population. ; Materials and methods ; Urine samples were obtained as part of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005–2006 and 2011–2012 from participants who were at least six-years-old (N = 4,692). Samples were analyzed for HPMM using ultra performance liquid chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry. Exclusive tobacco smokers were distinguished from non-tobacco users through a combination of self-reporting and serum cotinine data. ; Results ; Detection rate of HPMM among eligible samples was 99.9%. Sample-weighted, median urinary HPMM levels for smokers and non-users were 1.61 and 0.313 mg/g creatinine, respectively. Multivariable regression analysis among smokers showed that HPMM was positively associated with serum cotinine, after controlling for survey year, urinary creatinine, age, sex, race, poverty level, body mass index, pre-exam fasting time, and food intake. Other significant predictors of urinary HPMM include sex (female > male), age (children > non-user adults), race (non-Hispanic Blacks < non-Hispanic Whites). ; Conclusions ; This study characterizes U.S. population exposure to crotonaldehyde and confirms that tobacco smoke is a major exposure source. Urinary HPMM levels were significantly higher among exclusive combusted tobacco users compared to non-users, and serum cotinine and cigarettes per day were significant predictors of increased urinary HPMM. This study also found that sex, age, ethnicity, pre-exam fasting time, and fruit consumption are related to urinary HPMM levels.
• Subjects:
  • Adolescent
  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Aldehydes
  • Child
  • Cotinine
  • Environmental Exposure
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Male
  More +
• Keywords:
  • crotonaldehyde
  • HPMM
  • tobacco smoke exposure
  • NHANES
  • biomonitoring
• Source:
  Environ Res. 163:1-9
• Pubmed ID:
  29407484
• Pubmed Central ID:
  PMC5878724
• Document Type:
  Journal Article
• Funding:
  CC999999/Intramural CDC HHSUnited States/
• Volume:
  163
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/52962/cdc_52962_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 648.53 KB]
• Collection(s):
  CDC Public Access
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha256:17842a1c5b9a5eb455281fdd3593366d9fce2d8293a41d71cbb6d1159cb509e6