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The effects of the AIDS epidemic on the safety of the nation's blood supply.
  • Published Date:
    1988 May-Jun
  • Source:
    Public Health Rep. 103(3):236-241
  • Language:
    English
Filetype[PDF-1.54 MB]


Details:
  • Personal Authors:
  • Keywords:
  • Pubmed ID:
    3131813
  • Pubmed Central ID:
    PMCnull
  • Description:
    Present safeguards for the blood supply consist of three tiers of protection: donor deferral based on a donor's history of risk factors, confidential exclusion of blood units from donors with self-admitted risk factors, and testing of the blood itself. Before the discovery of the AIDS virus in 1983 and 1984, there was no specific test relevant to AIDS that could be used to help improve the safety of the blood supply. The first step was intensified efforts, based on what was then known of the epidemiology of the disease, to take donor histories to identify risk factors. The first specific tests were for the detection of antibodies to the virus and came into use in 1985. The general features of AIDS are described, together with the scientific rationale for the various types of laboratory tests, those for the virus itself, antigens, antibodies, the genetic material of the virus, and T4 lymphocytes. General characteristics of the tests are reviewed. Since testing began, about 30 million units each of blood and plasma have been screened. More than 3,000 infected persons in the blood donor group have been identified as HIV-antibody positive. Thirteen cases of transfusion-associated infection have been documented. They are believed to have occurred because a detectable level of antibodies had not yet formed in the infected donors. Currently, such transmission is thought to occur once in about 40,000 to 250,000 donations, a dramatic improvement from 1983.

  • Document Type:
    Journal Article
  • Collection(s):
    Public Health Reports
  • Main Document Checksum:
  • Supporting Files:
    No Additional Files
    1. The pathology of AIDS.
      Personal Author:
      Macher, A M
      Published:
      1988 May-Jun
      Source:
      Public Health Rep. 103(3):246-254
      Description:
      The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a devastating new disease caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). This retrovirus causes profound immunoincompetence in its infected hosts, who are thereafter susceptible to develop myriad se...
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 2.01 MB]
    2. Monitoring the levels and trends of HIV infection: the Public Health Service's HIV surveillance program.
      Personal Author:
      Dondero, T J; Pappaioanou, M; Curran, J W;
      Published:
      1988 May-Jun
      Source:
      Public Health Rep. 103(3):213-220
      Description:
      A comprehensive, multifaceted approach to HIV surveillance is needed to provide the information necessary for public health management and policy. Because HIV infection is not readily or uniformly ascertained, survey methods and sentinel surveillance...
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 1.54 MB]
    3. The development of an AIDS vaccine: progress and promise.
      Personal Author:
      Fauci, A S; Fischinger, P J;
      Published:
      1988 May-Jun
      Source:
      Public Health Rep. 103(3):230-236
      Description:
      The development of a safe and effective vaccine against infection by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is of paramount importance to the prevention of AIDS worldwide. Although a great deal has been learned about HIV in a few short years, the dev...
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 1.16 MB]
    4. Progress in drug therapies for HIV infection.
      Personal Author:
      Broder, S; Fauci, A S;
      Published:
      1988 May-Jun
      Source:
      Public Health Rep. 103(3):224-229
      Description:
      The discovery of effective therapies for HIV requires a fundamental knowledge of retroviral infections. Research by the Public Health Service and collaborating organizations on oncogenic viruses, including retroviruses, has provided much of the basic...
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 973.22 KB]
    5. The role of the FDA in the effort against AIDS.
      Personal Author:
      Young, F E
      Published:
      1988 May-Jun
      Source:
      Public Health Rep. 103(3):242-245
      Description:
      The Food and Drug Administration has instituted several pro-active measures to expedite the review of treatments, diagnostics, and vaccines for AIDS and related conditions. In particular, the agency has established a special designation--1-AA--for a ...
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 857.15 KB]
    6. Containing the spread of HIV infection: a world health priority.
      Personal Author:
      Samuels, M E; Mann, J; Koop, C E;
      Published:
      1988 May-Jun
      Source:
      Public Health Rep. 103(3):221-223
      Description:
      The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that the world total of AIDS cases will reach 300,000 by the end of 1988 and 500,000 to 3 million over the next 5 years. AIDS is of special concern to developing countries with their limited, stressed hea...
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 731.67 KB]
    7. In pursuit of the number one public health problem.
      Personal Author:
      Bowen, O R
      Published:
      1988 May-Jun
      Source:
      Public Health Rep. 103(3):211-212
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 327.56 KB]
    8. "We are your sons, your daughters....".
      Personal Author:
      Windom, R E
      Published:
      1988 May-Jun
      Source:
      Public Health Rep. 103(3):209-210
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 912.93 KB]
    9. Public Health Rep
      Published:
      May-Jun 1988
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 662.23 KB]
    10. The American Medical Association and the war on AIDS.
      Personal Author:
      Hotchkiss, W S
      Published:
      1988 May-Jun
      Source:
      Public Health Rep. 103(3):282-288
      Description:
      Since the identification of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in 1981 as a distinct disease entity, the number of AIDS cases has steadily increased in the United States and throughout the world. Although the primary etiologic agent of AIDS, h...
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 1.18 MB]
    11. Meeting the needs of people with AIDS: local initiatives and Federal support.
      Personal Author:
      Sundwall, D N; Bailey, D;
      Published:
      1988 May-Jun
      Source:
      Public Health Rep. 103(3):293-298
      Description:
      The Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA), one of the seven agencies of the Public Health Service, is working to meet some of the resource and patient service needs engendered by the epidemic of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS...
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 1.26 MB]
    12. NAN--a national voice for community-based services to persons with AIDS.
      Personal Author:
      Kawata, P A; Andriote, J M;
      Published:
      1988 May-Jun
      Source:
      Public Health Rep. 103(3):299-304
      Description:
      Because of the variety of needs engendered by AIDS, a broadbased response to the epidemic is warranted. The traditional medical model, with its emphasis on inpatient hospital care, is expensive and fails to address other needs of people with AIDS (PW...
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 1.08 MB]
    13. Intravenous drug use and AIDS prevention.
      Personal Author:
      Schuster, C R
      Published:
      1988 May-Jun
      Source:
      Public Health Rep. 103(3):261-266
      Description:
      Research programs of the National Institute on Drug Abuse take a broad approach to investigating the problems of intervention in intravenous drug use and its relation to the AIDS epidemic. Current prevention strategies are directed to reducing the ra...
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 1.36 MB]
    14. Role of state health agencies in responding to AIDS.
      Personal Author:
      Richland, J H
      Published:
      1988 May-Jun
      Source:
      Public Health Rep. 103(3):267-272
      Description:
      State health agencies have assumed a leadership role in responding to the major public health issues raised by the AIDS epidemic. Directors of State health agencies (State health officers) have asserted their influence at the national level as well a...
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 1.41 MB]
    15. The role of the American Hospital Association in combating AIDS.
      Personal Author:
      McCarthy, C
      Published:
      1988 May-Jun
      Source:
      Public Health Rep. 103(3):273-277
      Description:
      The American Hospital Association (AHA) has taken a leadership role in assisting health care providers in dealing effectively with the challenges of AIDS. Early work focused on preventing infection in the health care setting with the use of the Cente...
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 803.85 KB]
    16. Educating nursing students about quality care and safe practices in the AIDS epidemic.
      Personal Author:
      Spero, J R
      Published:
      1988 May-Jun
      Source:
      Public Health Rep. 103(3):278-281
      Description:
      Nursing students, as future health care providers, need comprehensive instruction about AIDS--the many manifestations of both the disease itself and the pandemic. As health educators and practitioners, nurses play a major role in safeguarding the hea...
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 870.04 KB]
    17. The Institute of Medicine, National Academy of Sciences: formulating AIDS policy.
      Personal Author:
      Weiss, R; Thier, S O;
      Published:
      1988 May-Jun
      Source:
      Public Health Rep. 103(3):289-292
      Description:
      In 1985 the Institute of Medicine, National Academy of Sciences devoted its annual meeting to an exploration of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The questions raised at the meeting propelled the IOM/NAS to initiate an assessment of the dime...
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 908.21 KB]
    18. PROGRAMS, PRACTICES, PEOPLE
      Published:
      1988 May-Jun
      Source:
      Public Health Rep. 103(3):325-327
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 558.91 KB]
    19. National Center for Health Statistics data line. National Health Care Survey.
      Published:
      1988 May-Jun
      Source:
      Public Health Rep. 103(3):321-323
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 853.73 KB]
    20. Making fair decisions about financing care for persons with AIDS.
      Personal Author:
      Roper, William L.; Winkenwerder, William;
      Published:
      1988 May-Jun
      Source:
      Public Health Rep. 103(3):305-308
      Description:
      An estimated 40 percent of the nation's 55,000 persons with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) have received care under the Medicaid Program, which is administered by the Health Care Financing Administration (HCFA) and funded jointly by the Fe...
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 898.55 KB]
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