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Urinary and Blood Cadmium and Lead and Kidney Function: NHANES 2007–2012
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Jan 28 2016
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Source: Int J Hyg Environ Health. 219(3):261-267.
[PDF-342.34 KB]
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Alternative Title:Int J Hyg Environ Health
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Description:Background
Cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) are widespread environmental contaminants that are known nephrotoxins. However, their nephrotoxic effects at low-environmental exposure levels are debated.
Objective
We examined the association of blood Pb (B-Pb), blood Cd (B-Cd), urinary Pb (U-Pb) and urinary Cd (U-Cd) with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and urinary albumin (ALB).
Methods
We used multivariate linear regression to analyze the association between B-Pb, B-Cd, U-Pb, and U-Cd with eGFR and ALB in adult participants (≥20 years of age) in NHANES 2007–2012. The dataset was limited to NHANES individuals with both blood and urinary metal measurements.
Results
We found a statistically significant inverse association between eGFR and B-Cd and statistically significant positive associations between eGFR and both U-Cd and U-Pb, as well as statistically significant associations between ALB and the 3rd and 4th quartiles of U-Cd.
Conclusions
The inverse association between eGFR and B-Cd, in conjunction with positive associations between eGFR and ALB with U-Cd, suggest that U-Cd measurement at low levels of exposure may result from changes in renal excretion of Cd due to kidney function and protein excretion. However, renal effects such as hyperfiltration from Cd-mediated kidney damage or creatinine-specific Cd effects cannot be excluded with this cross-sectional design.
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Pubmed ID:26852280
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Pubmed Central ID:PMC5685486
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