Blood Cadmium and Lead and Chronic Kidney Disease in US Adults: A Joint Analysis

Details

• Personal Author:
  Guallar E ; Jaar B ; Muntner P ; Navas-Acien A ; Silbergeld E ; Tellez-Plaza M ; Weaver V
• Description:
  Environmental cadmium and lead exposures are widespread, and both metals are nephrotoxic at high exposure levels. Few studies have evaluated the associations between low-level cadmium and clinical renal outcomes, particularly with respect to joint cadmium and lead exposure. The geometric mean levels of blood cadmium and lead were 0.41 ug/L (3.65 nmol/L) and 1.58 ug/dL (0.076 umol/L), respectively, in 14,778 adults aged >=20 years who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1999-2006). After adjustment for survey year, sociodemographic factors, chronic kidney disease risk factors, and blood lead, the odds ratios for albuminuria (>=30 mg/g creatinine), reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (<60 mL/minute/1.73 m2), and both albuminuria and reduced eGFR were 1.92 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.53, 2.43), 1.32 (95% CI: 1.04, 1.68), and 2.91 (95% CI: 1.76, 4.81), respectively, comparing the highest with the lowest blood cadmium quartiles. The odds ratios comparing participants in the highest with the lowest quartiles of both cadmium and lead were 2.34 (95% CI: 1.72, 3.18) for albuminuria, 1.98 (95% CI: 1.27, 3.10) for reduced eGFR, and 4.10 (95% CI: 1.58, 10.65) for both outcomes. These findings support consideration of cadmium and lead as chronic kidney disease risk factors in the general population and provide novel evidence of risk with environmental exposure to both metals. [Description provided by NIOSH]
• Subjects:
  Cadmium Environmental Exposure Hazardous Substances Lead Occupational Health Risk Assessment Risk Factors Safety
• Keywords:
  Author Keywords: Albuminuria Chronic Toxicity Creatinine Environmental Exposure Glomerular Filtration Rate Kidney Damage Kidney Diseases Kidney Toxins Metals Nutrition Surveys Risk Factors Toxic Materials

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• ISSN:
  0002-9262
• Document Type:
  Text
• Funding:
  Grant
• Genre:
  Journal Article
• Place as Subject:
  Maryland ; New York ; OSHA Region 2 ; OSHA Region 3
• CIO:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Topic:
  Workplace Safety & Health
• Location:
  North America
• Volume:
  170
• Issue:
  9
• NIOSHTIC Number:
  nn:20054109
• Citation:
  Am J Epidemiol 2009 Nov; 170(9):1156-1164
• Contact Point Address:
  Dr. Virginia Weaver, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 North Wolfe Street, Room W7513A, Baltimore, MD 21205
• Email:
  vweaver@jhsph.edu
• CAS Registry Number:
  Cadmium (CAS RN 7440-43-9) ; Lead (CAS RN 7439-92-1)
• Federal Fiscal Year:
  2010
• Performing Organization:
  Johns Hopkins University
• Peer Reviewed:
  True
• Start Date:
  20050701
• Source Full Name:
  American Journal of Epidemiology
• End Date:
  20280630
• Collection(s):
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:dee5af4bd558ea1b3edec33bc317b3124fe40f2dcb3412dd6a99b8f22c0ad2ef75180b7dcc12d8455f366bcd0dd1cd2ea68c3c9f71140f429be606c56a6a13ef
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/216743/cdc_216743_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 144.41 KB ]