Details:

Alternative Title:
Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol
Personal Author:
Seña, Arlene C. ; Moorman, Anne ; Njord, Levi ; Williams, Roxanne E. ; Colborn, James ; ... More +
Seña, Arlene C. ; Moorman, Anne ; Njord, Levi ; Williams, Roxanne E. ; Colborn, James ; Khudyakov, Yury ; Drobenuic, Jan ; Xia, Guo-Liang ; Wood, Hattie ; Moore, Zack Less -
Description:
Objectives

Acute hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections have been reported in long-term care facilities (LTCFs) primarily associated with infection control breaks during assisted blood glucose monitoring. We investigated HBV outbreaks that occurred in separate skilled nursing facilities (SNFs) to determine factors associated with transmission.

Design

Outbreak investigation with case-control studies.

Setting

Two SNFs (Facility A and B) in Durham, North Carolina during 2009–2010.

Patients

Residents with acute HBV infection and controls randomly selected from HBV-susceptible residents during the outbreak period.

Methods

After initial cases were identified, screening was offered to all residents with repeat testing three months later for HBV-susceptible residents. Molecular testing was performed to assess viral relatedness. Infection control practices were observed. Case-control studies were conducted to evaluate associations between exposures and acute HBV infection in each facility.

Results

Six acute HBV cases were identified in each SNF. Viral phylogenetic analysis revealed a high degree of HBV relatedness within, but not between, facilities. No evaluated exposures were significantly associated with acute HBV infection in Facility A; those associated with infection in Facility B (all odds ratios>20) included injections, hospital or emergency room visits, and daily blood glucose monitoring. Observations revealed absence of trained infection control staff at Facility A, and suboptimal hand hygiene practices during blood glucose monitoring and insulin injections at Facility B.

Conclusions

These outbreaks underscore the vulnerability of LTCF residents to acute HBV infection, the importance of surveillance and prompt investigation of incident cases, and the need for improved infection control education to prevent transmission.


Subject:
[+]
Acute Disease
Article
Blood Glucose
Case-Control Studies
Cross Infection
Disease Outbreaks
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis B Virus
Humans
Injections
Insulin
Phylogeny
Risk Factors
Skilled Nursing Facilities

Source:
Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 34(7):709-716.
Pubmed ID:
23739075
Pubmed Central ID:
PMC5675526
Document Type:
Journal Article
Funding:
CC999999/Intramural CDC HHS/United States
Place as Subject:
North Carolina
Collection(s):
CDC Public Access
Main Document Checksum:
[+]
urn:sha256:c0dde902b786ae8ee692f04654e068b2aa3e5459f25eda576dde0d4e5fb37cd9
File Type:

Supporting Files

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