Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness Against Hospitalizations and Emergency Department or Urgent Care Encounters For Children, Adolescents, and Adults During the 2023-2024 Season, United States.

Details

• Alternative Title:
  Clinical Infectious Diseases: An Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2025, v. 81, no. 3: Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness Against Hospitalizations and Emergency Department or Urgent Care Encounters For Children, Adolescents, and Adults During the 2023-2024 Season, United States.
• Journal Article:
  Clinical Infectious Diseases: An Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America
• Personal Author:
  Tenforde, Mark W. ; Reeves, Emily L. ; Weber, Zachary A. ; Tartof, Sara Y. ; Klein, Nicola P. ; Dascomb, Kristin ; DeSilva, Malini B. ; Yang, Duck-Hye ; Grannis, Shaun J. ; Irving, Stephanie A. ; Ong, Toan C. ; Link-Gelles, Ruth ; Salas, S. Bianca ; Sy, Lina S. ; Lewin, Bruno ; Contreras, Richard ; Zerbo, Ousseny ; Fireman, Bruce ; Hansen, John ; Timbol, Julius ; Sheffield, Tamara ; Bride, Daniel ; Arndorfer, Julie ; VanOtterloo, Josh ; McEvoy, Charlene E. ; Akinsete, Omobosola O. ; Essien, Inih J. ; Dixon, Brian E. ; Rogerson, Colin ; Fadel, William F. ; Duszynski, Thomas ; Naleway, Allison L. ; Barron, Michelle A. ; Rao, Suchitra ; Mayer, David ; Chavez, Catia ; Ball, Sarah W. ; Payne, Amanda B. ; Ray, Caitlin ; Dickerson, Monica ; Neelam, Varsha ; Adams, Katherine ; Flannery, Brendan ; DeCuir, Jennifer ; Garg, Shikha
• Description:
  The 2023-2024 influenza season had predominant influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus activity, but A(H3N2) and B viruses cocirculated. Seasonal influenza vaccine strains were well-matched to these viruses.
  
  Using healthcare encounters data from health systems in 8 US states, we evaluated influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) against influenza-associated medical encounters from October 2023 to April 2024. Using a test-negative design, we compared the odds of vaccination between patients with an acute respiratory illness who tested positive (cases) versus negative (controls) for influenza by molecular assay, adjusting for confounders. VE was stratified by age group, influenza type (overall, influenza A, influenza B), and care setting (hospitalization, emergency department or urgent care ED/UC encounter).
  
  Overall, 74 000 encounters in children and adolescents aged 6 months-17 years (3479 hospitalizations, 70 521 ED/UC encounters) and 267 606 in adults aged ≥18 years (66 828 hospitalizations, 200 778 ED/UC encounters) were included. Across care settings, among children and adolescents, 15% (2758/17 833) of cases versus 32% (18 240/56 167) of controls had received vaccination. Among adults, 25% (11 632/46 614) of cases versus 44% (97 811/220 992) of controls across care settings had received vaccination. VE was 58% (95% confidence interval 95% CI, 44-69) against hospitalization and 58% (95% CI, 56-60) against ED/UC encounters for children and adolescents, and 39% (95% CI, 35-43) against hospitalization and 47% (95% CI, 46-49) against ED/UC encounters for adults. Across age groups, VE was higher against influenza B than influenza A.
  
  Influenza vaccines provided protection against influenza-associated illness across health care settings and age groups during the 2023-2024 influenza season.
• Content Notes:
  Author manuscript
• Subjects:
  • Humans
  • Adolescent
  • Influenza, Human
  • Child
  • Influenza Vaccines
  • Hospitalization
  • Adult
  • Child, Preschool
  • Emergency Service, Hospital
  • Male
  More +
• Keywords:
  • influenza
  • vaccine effectiveness
  • vaccination
  • test-negative design
• Source:
  Clinical Infectious Diseases: An Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2025, v. 81, no. 3
• DOI:
  https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciae597
• ISSN:
  1058-4838 ; 1537-6591
• Pubmed ID:
  39656838
• Pubmed Central ID:
  PMC12287760
• Document Type:
  Text
• Funding:
  CC999999/ImCDC/Intramural CDC HHSUnited States/ ; R01 AI168373/AI/NIAID NIH HHSUnited States/ ; 75D30121D12779/CC/CDC HHSUnited States/ ; 75D30123C17595/Westat and contracts/ ; 75D301123C018039/Westat and contracts/ ; Kaiser Foundation Hospitals/
• Genre:
  Journal Article
• Place as Subject:
  United States
• Pages in Document:
  667-678 (24 pdf pages)
• Volume:
  81
• Issue:
  3
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/261865/cdc_261865_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 1.52 MB]
• Collection(s):
  CDC Public Access
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:58e4d3945fc39b430ed5b733e7701cada6510466736d00c2d3f6e7d4be11c29e60c944197091b0be8f0962ed20999b2511390aaf969212dd94c0243f3b919c33