Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness Against Influenza A–Associated Emergency Department, Urgent Care, and Hospitalization Encounters Among US Adults, 2022–2023

Details

• Alternative Title:
  J Infect Dis
• Personal Author:
  Tenforde, Mark W. ; Weber, Zachary A. ; Yang, Duck-Hye ; DeSilva, Malini B. ; Dascomb, Kristin ; Irving, Stephanie A. ; Naleway, Allison L. ; Gaglani, Manjusha ; Fireman, Bruce ; Lewis, Ned ; Zerbo, Ousseny ; Goddard, Kristin ; Timbol, Julius ; Hansen, John R. ; Grisel, Nancy ; Arndorfer, Julie ; McEvoy, Charlene E. ; Essien, Inih J. ; Rao, Suchitra ; Grannis, Shaun J. ; Kharbanda, Anupam B. ; Natarajan, Karthik ; Ong, Toan C. ; Embi, Peter J. ; Ball, Sarah W. ; Dunne, Margaret M. ; Kirshner, Lindsey ; Wiegand, Ryan E. ; Dickerson, Monica ; Patel, Palak ; Ray, Caitlin ; Flannery, Brendan ; Garg, Shikha ; Adams, Katherine ; Klein, Nicola P.
• Description:
  Background.
  
  The 2022–2023 United States influenza season had unusually early influenza activity with high hospitalization rates. Vaccine-matched A(H3N2) viruses predominated, with lower levels of A(H1N1)pdm09 activity also observed.
  
  Methods.
  
  Using the test-negative design, we evaluated influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) during the 2022–2023 season against influenza A–associated emergency department/urgent care (ED/UC) visits and hospitalizations from October 2022 to March 2023 among adults (aged ≥18 years) with acute respiratory illness (ARI). VE was estimated by comparing odds of seasonal influenza vaccination among case-patients (influenza A test positive by molecular assay) and controls (influenza test negative), applying inverse-propensity-to-be-vaccinated weights.
  
  Results.
  
  The analysis included 85 389 ED/UC ARI encounters (17.0% influenza A positive; 37.8% vaccinated overall) and 19 751 hospitalizations (9.5% influenza A positive; 52.8% vaccinated overall). VE against influenza A–associated ED/UC encounters was 44% (95% confidence interval [CI], 40%–47%) overall and 45% and 41% among adults aged 18–64 and ≥65 years, respectively. VE against influenza A–associated hospitalizations was 35% (95% CI, 27%–43%) overall and 23% and 41% among adults aged 18–64 and ≥65 years, respectively.
  
  Conclusions.
  
  VE was moderate during the 2022–2023 influenza season, a season characterized with increased burden of influenza and co-circulation with other respiratory viruses. Vaccination is likely to substantially reduce morbidity, mortality, and strain on healthcare resources.
  
  
• Subjects:
  Adolescent Adult Aged Ambulatory Care Emergency Service, Hospital Female Hospitalization Humans Influenza, Human Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype Influenza Vaccines Male Middle Aged Seasons United States Vaccination Vaccine Efficacy Young Adult

  More +
• Keywords:
  Clinical Outcomes H3N2 Influenza Test-negative Design Vaccine Effectiveness
• Source:
  J Infect Dis. 230(1):141-151
• Pubmed ID:
  39052725
• Pubmed Central ID:
  PMC11306194
• Document Type:
  Journal Article
• Funding:
  CC999999/ImCDC/Intramural CDC HHSUnited States/ ; 75D30120C07986/CC/CDC HHSUnited States/
• Volume:
  230
• Issue:
  1
• Collection(s):
  CDC Public Access
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:f3a028426de42742333701251cb54269166346e2c6ccc7a396529fcdb0f5d8501993d71909e36294f5659d40943f178c7e0151366ebfac5af19e407e20d83811
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/159754/cdc_159754_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 745.67 KB ]