Associations Between Exposure to Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Biomarkers of Acute Kidney Injury Among Chilean Agricultural Workers

Details

• Journal Article:
  International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health
• Personal Author:
  Tore, Grant D. ; DeSantiago, Melissa ; Stapleton, Heather M. ; Obeid, Wassim ; Parikh, Chirag R. ; Kuiper, Jordan R. ; Valenzuela, Margarita ; Ferreccio, Catterina ; Fazen, Louis ; Dickerson, Aisha S. ; Cortés, Sandra ; Quirós-Alcalá, Lesliam
• Description:
  Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) exposures from agricultural and household woodburning may adversely impact kidney health, but studies are limited in Latin America where these practices are prevalent. We aimed to characterize PAH exposures and examine their associations with kidney injury biomarkers among agricultural workers in Chile. Among 43 male agricultural workers from the Maule Cohort, we quantified urinary concentrations of five kidney injury biomarkers (IL-18, KIM-1, MCP-1, NGAL, YKL-40) and nine hydroxy-PAHs. Additionally, we measured 23 parent PAHs in wristbands, worn 8-11 days. We estimated percent differences in kidney biomarker concentrations and odds ratios of subclinical kidney injury (defined by two or more kidney biomarkers in the highest tertile) per interquartile range increase in PAH exposure concentration. All urinary PAH and kidney biomarkers were frequently detected (>70%) as were 13 parent PAH compounds in wristbands. We observed consistent positive associations of urinary IL-18 with select PAH exposures. Specifically, higher urinary IL-18 concentrations were observed in association with higher urinary concentrations of 1-PHE (80.4%; 95%CI: 33.8%, 143.3%), 2&3-PHE (44.1%; 95%CI: 12.7%, 84.2%), and 4-PHE (48.8%; 95%CI: 12.9%, 96.1%). Similarly, IL-18 concentrations were positively associated with higher wristband concentrations of anthracene (46.7%; 95%CI: 9.7%, 96.2%), phenanthrene (32.3%; 95%CI: 5.5%, 65.9%), fluorene (56.9%; 95%CI: 10.2%, 123.3%), and pyrene (34.1%; 95%CI: 3.2%, 74.3%) and among participants with naphthalene detected in their wristbands (51.5%; 95%CI: 1.3%, 126.7%). Wristband concentrations of benzo[e]pyrene, benzo[a]pyrene, and chrysene were associated with higher odds of subclinical AKI but not decreased kidney function. Our findings suggest that select PAH exposures may be associated with kidney injury, addressing major knowledge gaps and informing future studies of kidney health in agricultural communities.
• Subjects:
  Agriculture Biomarkers Kidney Occupational Health Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Safety
• Keywords:
  Author Keywords: Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; Acute Kidney Injury; Agricultural Workers; Silicone Wristbands; Urinary Biomonitoring Biomarkers; Polychlorinated Aromatic Hydrocarbons; Agricultural Workers; Agriculture; Kidney Damage; Cohort Studies; Occupational Exposure; Environmental Exposure; Biomonitoring;
• Source:
  Int J Hyg Environ Health 2026 May; 274:114791
• ISSN:
  1438-4639
• Document Type:
  Text
• Funding:
  Grant
• Genre:
  Journal Article
• Place as Subject:
  Maryland ; North Carolina ; District of Columbia ; Philadelphia Region [OSHA] ; Atlanta Region [OSHA]
• CIO:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Topic:
  Workplace Safety & Health
• Location:
  North America
• Pages in Document:
  13 pdf pages
• Volume:
  274
• NIOSHTIC Number:
  nn:20071472
• Contact Point Address:
  Lesliam Quirós-Alcalá, Department of Environmental Health & Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
• Email:
  lquiros@jhu.edu
• Federal Fiscal Year:
  2026
• Performing Organization:
  Johns Hopkins University
• Peer Reviewed:
  True
• Start Date:
  20050701
• End Date:
  20280630
• Collection(s):
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:a9676d0a87360a09e71a90927466ede3f15fbcb7125320199e6d772f9408b61cce1f4e202fde7fb9ea7a487cdf6bd6a403a78c9266199c3634135c3d53377840
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/259070/cdc_259070_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 2.46 MB ]