Inhalation of 3-dimensional-(3D)-printing fumes affect the expression of markers associated with neural injury.

Details

• Personal Author:
  Farcas M ; Jackson M ; Krajnak, Kristine M. ; Matheson J ; McKinney W ; Qian Y ; Thomas T ; Waugh, Stacey
• Description:
  Inhalation of fumes and particulate generated by 3D-printing with plastics has been shown to induce mild systemic inflammation and oxidative stress. One plastic used for printing is polycarbonate (PC). PC contains organic solvents, bisphenols, and other chemicals that are known neurotoxicants. These neurotoxicants can be released as respirable fumes when PC feed material is heated during printing. The goal of this study was to determine if inhaling fumes and particulate generated when printing with PC resulted in changes in inflammation, oxidative stress and transcripts and proteins involved in the formation of synapses in the central nervous system (CNS). Male Sprague Dawley rats (n = 60, 200-250 g at arrival) were exposed to filtered air or black PC particulate and fumes generated by 3 desktop-3D-printers (exposure 4 h/day (d)). The 4 h average particle concentration delivered to the animals breathing space was 500 µg/m3. Animals were exposed for 1d or 4 d/week until they had been exposed for 1, 4, 8, 15 or 30 d. The morning after the last exposure animals were euthanized and brain tissue was collected. Tissue from the left side was used for qRT-PCR and tissue from the right side was sectioned and used for immunohistochemistry. Cellular injury (fluorojade staining) was increased in the hippocampus and basal ganglia after 1 day of exposure to 3D fumes. However, staining returned to baseline levels in all groups after 4-30 d of exposure. Glial fibrillary acetic protein staining was also increased in these regions of the brain in 3D-exposed animals on all days of the experiment. In the basal ganglia, there was an increase in the transcription of inflammatory cytokines and anti-oxidant associated genes in 3D fume-exposed animals. Inhalation of 3D printing fumes resulted in an increase in the level of GFAP staining in both the hippocampus and the basal ganglia on all days of the experiment. There were also transient increases in markers of inflammation and oxidative stress. These finding are consistent with studies showing that bisphenol-A (a component of PC) induces oxidative stress and markers of oxidative damage and cellular injury. [Description provided by NIOSH]
• Subjects:
  Air Pollutants, Occupational Animals Immune System Nervous System Occupational Health Plastics Printing, Three-Dimensional Safety Toxicology
• Keywords:
  Toxicology; Animal studies; Three dimensional printing; 3D printing; Plastics; Neurotoxic effects; Fumes; Immune reaction; Oxidative stress; Cytokines
• ISSN:
  1096-6080
• Document Type:
  Text
• Genre:
  Abstract or Summary
• Place as Subject:
  Maryland ; OSHA Region 3 ; West Virginia
• CIO:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Division:
  HELD - Health Effects Laboratory Division
• Topic:
  Workplace Safety & Health
• Location:
  North America
• Volume:
  186
• NIOSHTIC Number:
  nn:20064928
• Citation:
  Toxicologist 2022 Mar; 186(S1):136
• CAS Registry Number:
  2,2-Bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)propane (CAS RN 80-05-7) ; Polycarbonates (CAS RN 25766-59-0)
• Federal Fiscal Year:
  2022
• Peer Reviewed:
  False
• Source Full Name:
  The Toxicologist. Society of Toxicology 61st Annual Meeting & ToxExpo, March 27-31, 2022, San Diego, California
• Collection(s):
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:519d8b367ac541f8b3edeb0cf2f83040c55e3e4a85e45444ca8a26ebb1d25e94fc236f26dd326a0c0e990bd3b48c31757c82451ae1a59b0cc1aa70eeaf96cab3
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/249278/cdc_249278_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 241.89 KB ]