Assessing durability and safety of permethrin impregnated uniforms used by outdoor workers to prevent tick bites after one year of use.

Details

• Personal Author:
  Balanay JA ; Driver J ; Dyer MC ; Funkhouser S ; Mather TN ; Meshnick S ; Mitchell C ; Richards SL ; White A
• Description:
  Long lasting permethrin-impregnated (LLPI) clothing can retain permethrin and repel ticks for up to three months and without exceeding EPA-approved safe levels; however, little is known about longer term effects of wearing LLPI clothing. Here, permethrin content was measured in new forester pants soon after initial impregnation (Insect Shield) and again one year later after being repeatedly worn by foresters in the field. Urine samples were collected from foresters for biomonitoring of permethrin metabolites at multiple time intervals (pre-use, one-month, three-to-four-months, and one-year post-use). Lethality against nymphal Ixodes scapularis Say was measured in clothing after one year of wear by foresters. Furthermore, to test potential variability in permethrin impregnation of different batches of clothing, separate sets of clothing were anonymously sent to Insect Shield for permethrin treatment over a period of three months and permethrin was quantified. Results demonstrated 33% of participants' pants had no measurable permethrin after one year of wear and permethrin content and tick mortality varied significantly between clothing. Only two of the participants' clothing resulted in ≥30% tick mortality after one year of wear. Significant differences were observed in 3-PBA and trans-DCCA, but not cis-DCCA metabolites in participants over the four measured time points and were higher than general United States population levels. This study provides practical information on the safety (measured by urinary metabolites) over time of LLPI clothing. It also provides snapshots (pre-washing and after one year of wear) of effectiveness of LLPI clothing as personal protective equipment against ticks for outdoor workers. [Description provided by NIOSH]
• Subjects:
  Energy Metabolism Forestry Insecticides Occupational Health Personal Protective Equipment Protective Clothing Safety Urine
• Keywords:
  Author Keywords: LLPI; Forester; Permethrin; Tick Protection Protective Clothing; Pesticides; Tickborne Diseases; Disease Vectors; Disease Prevention; Outdoor Workers; Insecticides; Intervention Effectiveness; Forestry Workers; Urinalysis; Biomonitoring; Metabolites; Statistical Analysis;
• ISSN:
  0022-2585
• Document Type:
  Text
• Funding:
  Grant
• Genre:
  Journal Article
• Place as Subject:
  Florida ; North Carolina ; OSHA Region 1 ; OSHA Region 4 ; Rhode Island
• CIO:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Topic:
  Workplace Safety & Health
• Location:
  North America
• Volume:
  59
• Issue:
  2
• NIOSHTIC Number:
  nn:20065166
• Citation:
  J Med Entomol 2022 Mar; 59(2):615-622
• Contact Point Address:
  Stephanie L. Richards, Environmental Health Sciences Program, Department of Health Education and Promotion, College of Health and Human Performance, East Carolina University, 300 Curry Court, Greenville, NC 27858
• Email:
  richardss@ecu.edu
• CAS Registry Number:
  Permethrin (CAS RN 52645-53-1)
• Federal Fiscal Year:
  2022
• Performing Organization:
  University of Rhode Island, Kingston
• Peer Reviewed:
  True
• Start Date:
  20150901
• Source Full Name:
  Journal of Medical Entomology
• End Date:
  20190831
• Collection(s):
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:0ed3ffeadbc9e23eca7f61e849a0ab5c6584342cce52c2fbc0c8779920333d4ff40ca82c18db2cb8c429d07d519810ee3dea8a98b70c501c71f40dca09cddec5
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/248600/cdc_248600_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 247.45 KB ]