Central-peripheral distal axonopathy--the pathology of dying-back polyneuropathies.

Details

• Personal Author:
  Schaumburg HH ; Spencer PS
• Description:
  The pathology of neurologic disorders known as dying back diseases was studied in-vitro and experimentally in cats and rats. Five neurotoxic chemicals were used to produce slowly developing distal neuropathies in cats or rats. These included thallium-sulfate (10031591), acrylamide (79061), n-hexane (110543), methyl-n-butyl- ketone (591786) (MBK), and 2,5-hexanedione (2935446). The course of the disease process was studied by examining tissues obtained by repeated biopsy of sensory and motor terminals and distal nerves sampled from the feet. These studies were supplemented with in- vitro studies of nerve fiber degeneration and physiologic functions of nerve tissues. When 10 milligrams per kilogram acrylamide was injected intraperitoneally in cats, the most sensitive structure was the pacinian corpuscle. A single massive dose of thallium-sulfate injected in rats produced a direct toxic effect on axonal mitochondria in both peripheral and central nervous systems. In rats administered n-hexane, MBK, or 2,5-hexanedione, degeneration began distally and spread proximally, involving peripheral nerves and central nervous system tracts. N-hexane, MBK, and 2,5- hexanedione produced giant axonal degeneration concurrently in both nervous systems. A set of consistent observations in both the experimental animals and in-vitro was that the pathologic events began in a multifocal pattern, that they involved the distal axon (but only infrequently the nerve terminal), and that the proximal foci in the affected axon were more severely damaged than the more distal regions. [Description provided by NIOSH]
• Subjects:
  Animals Hazardous Substances Nervous System Occupational Health Pathology Safety Toxicology
• Keywords:
  NIOSH-Publication; NIOSH-Grant; Grants-other; Biological-effects; Toxicopathology; Neuropathology; Animal-studies; Pathology; Industrial-chemicals; Toxic-materials; Comparative-toxicology; Analytical-models
• ISSN:
  0099-9016
• Document Type:
  Text
• Funding:
  Grant
• Genre:
  Journal Article
• Place as Subject:
  New York ; OSHA Region 2
• CIO:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Topic:
  Workplace Safety & Health
• Location:
  North America
• Pages in Document:
  253-295
• Volume:
  3
• NIOSHTIC Number:
  nn:00134901
• Citation:
  Prog Neuropathol 1976 Jan; 3():253-295
• Contact Point Address:
  Pathology Albert Einstein Coll of Med 1300 Morris Park Avenue Bronx, N Y 10461
• CAS Registry Number:
  2,5-Hexanediol (CAS RN 2935-44-6) ; 2-Hexanone (CAS RN 591-78-6) ; Acrylamide (CAS RN 79-06-1) ; Hexane (CAS RN 110-54-3) ; Sulfuric acid, thallium salt (CAS RN 10031-59-1)
• Federal Fiscal Year:
  1976
• NORA Priority Area:
  Other Occupational Concerns ; Grants Other
• Performing Organization:
  Yeshiva University, New York, New York
• Peer Reviewed:
  True
• Start Date:
  19751101
• Source Full Name:
  Progress in Neuropathology
• End Date:
  19850331
• Collection(s):
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:7dc847c09aedf140bc731323e8446b4703641ae07d6ad9e7b7238120dab30b8f7dcaa9b938d34d035f87873a0fe7fec262d5d13dcaf290925445e82b6de3b57d
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/245583/cdc_245583_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 168.02 KB ]