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Phylogenetic Analysis of West Nile Virus Isolates, Italy, 2008–2009
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  1. Molecular Epidemiology and Evolution of West Nile Virus in North America
    Personal Author:
    Mann, Brian R.; McMullen, Allison R.; Swetnam, Daniele M.; Barrett, Alan D. T.;
    Published Date:
    Oct 16 2013
    Source:
    Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2013; 10(10):5111-5129.
    Description:
    West Nile virus (WNV) was introduced to New York in 1999 and rapidly spread throughout North America and into parts of Central and South America. Displacement of the original New York (NY99) genotype by the North America/West Nile 2002 (NA/WN02) geno...
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  2. Whole genome phylogenetic investigation of a West Nile virus strain isolated from a tick sampled from livestock in north eastern Kenya
    Personal Author:
    Lwande, Olivia Wesula; Venter, Marietjie; Lutomiah, Joel; Michuki, George; Rumberia, Cecilia; Gakuya, Francis; Obanda, Vincent; Tigoi, Caroline; Odhiambo, Collins; Nindo, Fredrick; Symekher, Samwel; Sang, Rosemary;
    Published Date:
    Nov 28 2014
    Source:
    Parasit Vectors. 7(1).
    Description:
    BackgroundWest Nile virus (WNV) has a wide geographical distribution and has been associated to cause neurological disease in humans and horses. Mosquitoes are the traditional vectors for WNV; however, the virus has also been isolated from tick speci...
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  3. Full-Genome Sequence of a Neuroinvasive West Nile Virus Lineage 2 Strain from a Fatal Horse Infection in South Africa
    Personal Author:
    Mentoor, Juliet L. D.; Lubisi, Alison B.; Gerdes, Truuska; Human, Stacey; Williams, June H.; Venter, Marietjie;
    Published Date:
    Jul 28 2016
    Source:
    Genome Announc. 2016; 4(4).
    Description:
    We report here the complete genome sequence of a lineage 2 West Nile virus (WNV) strain that resulted in fatal neurological disease in a horse in South Africa. Several recent reports exist of neurological disease associated with lineage 2 WNV in huma...
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  4. Evolutionary Dynamics of West Nile Virus in the United States, 1999–2011: Phylogeny, Selection Pressure and Evolutionary Time-Scale Analysis
    Personal Author:
    Añez, Germán; Grinev, Andriyan; Chancey, Caren; Ball, Christopher; Akolkar, Namita; Land, Kevin J.; Winkelman, Valerie; Stramer, Susan L.; Kramer, Laura D.; Rios, Maria;
    Published Date:
    May 30 2013
    Source:
    PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2013; 7(5).
    Description:
    West Nile virus (WNV), an arbovirus maintained in a bird-mosquito enzootic cycle, can infect other vertebrates including humans. WNV was first reported in the US in 1999 where, to date, three genotypes belonging to WNV lineage I have been described (...
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  5. Lineage 2 West Nile Virus as Cause of Fatal Neurologic Disease in Horses, South Africa
    Personal Author:
    Venter, Marietjie; Human, Stacey; Zaayman, Dewald; Gerdes, Gertruida H.; Williams, June; Steyl, Johan; Leman, Patricia A.; Paweska, Janusz Tadeusz; Setzkorn, Hildegard; Rous, Gavin; Murray, Sue; Parker, Rissa; Donnellan, Cynthia; Swanepoel, Robert;
    Published Date:
    Jun 2009
    Source:
    Emerg Infect Dis. 15(6):877-884.
    Description:
    Serologic evidence suggests that West Nile virus (WNV) is widely distributed in horses in southern Africa. However, because few neurologic cases have been reported, endemic lineage 2 strains were postulated to be nonpathogenic in horses. Recent evide...
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