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Fatal Neurologic Disease and Abortion in Mare Infected with Lineage 1 West Nile Virus, South Africa
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  1. West Nile Virus Lineage 2 in Horses and Other Animals with Neurologic Disease, South Africa, 2008–2015
    Personal Author:
    Venter, Marietjie; Pretorius, Marthi; Fuller, James A.; Botha, Elizabeth; Rakgotho, Mpho; Stivaktas, Voula; Weyer, Camilla; Romito, Marco; Williams, June;
    Published Date:
    Dec 2017
    Source:
    Emerg Infect Dis. 23(12):2060-2064.
    Description:
    During 2008-2015 in South Africa, we conducted West Nile virus surveillance in 1,407 animals with neurologic disease and identified mostly lineage 2 cases in horses (7.4%, 79/1,069), livestock (1.5%, 2/132), and wildlife (0.5%, 1/206); 35% were fatal...
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  2. West Nile Virus in Wildlife and Nonequine Domestic Animals, South Africa, 2010–2018
    Personal Author:
    Steyn, Jumari; Botha, Elizabeth; Stivaktas, Voula I.; Buss, Peter; Beechler, Brianna R.; Myburgh, Jan G.; Steyl, Johan; Williams, June; Venter, Marietjie;
    Published Date:
    December 2019
    Source:
    Emerg Infect Dis. 25(12):2290-2294
    Description:
    West Nile virus (WNV) lineage 2 is associated with neurologic disease in horses and humans in South Africa. Surveillance in wildlife and nonequine domestic species during 2010-2018 identified WNV in 11 (1.8%) of 608 animals with severe neurologic and...
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  3. West Nile Virus in Farmed Crocodiles, Zambia, 2019
    Personal Author:
    Simulundu, Edgar; Ndashe, Kunda; Chambaro, Herman M.; Squarre, David; Reilly, Paul Michael; Chitanga, Simbarashe; Changula, Katendi; Mukubesa, Andrew N.; Ndebe, Joseph; Tembo, John; Kapata, Nathan; Bates, Matthew; Sinkala, Yona; Hang’ombe, Bernard M.; Nalubamba, King S.; Kajihara, Masahiro; Sasaki, Michihito; Orba, Yasuko; Takada, Ayato; Sawa, Hirofumi;
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    Apr 2020
    Source:
    Emerg Infect Dis. 26(4):811-814
    Description:
    We detected West Nile virus (WNV) nucleic acid in crocodiles (Crocodylus niloticus) in Zambia. Phylogenetically, the virus belonged to lineage 1a, which is predominant in the Northern Hemisphere. These data provide evidence that WNV is circulating in...
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  4. Lineage 2 West Nile Virus as Cause of Fatal Neurologic Disease in Horses, South Africa
    Personal Author:
    Venter, Marietjie; Human, Stacey; Zaayman, Dewald; Gerdes, Gertruida H.; Williams, June; Steyl, Johan; Leman, Patricia A.; Paweska, Janusz Tadeusz; Setzkorn, Hildegard; Rous, Gavin; Murray, Sue; Parker, Rissa; Donnellan, Cynthia; Swanepoel, Robert;
    Published Date:
    Jun 2009
    Source:
    Emerg Infect Dis. 15(6):877-884.
    Description:
    Serologic evidence suggests that West Nile virus (WNV) is widely distributed in horses in southern Africa. However, because few neurologic cases have been reported, endemic lineage 2 strains were postulated to be nonpathogenic in horses. Recent evide...
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  5. Sindbis and Middelburg Old World Alphaviruses Associated with Neurologic Disease in Horses, South Africa
    Personal Author:
    van Niekerk, Stephanie; Human, Stacey; Williams, June; van Wilpe, Erna; Pretorius, Marthi; Swanepoel, Robert; Venter, Marietjie;
    Published Date:
    Dec 2015
    Source:
    Emerg Infect Dis. 21(12):2225-2229
    Description:
    Old World alphaviruses were identified in 52 of 623 horses with febrile or neurologic disease in South Africa. Five of 8 Sindbis virus infections were mild; 2 of 3 fatal cases involved co-infections. Of 44 Middelburg virus infections, 28 caused neuro...
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