Exploring Vulnerable Nodes, Impactful Viral Intrusion Sites, and Viral Infection Risk Reductions Offered by Chlorine Boosters in Municipal Drinking Water Networks

Details

• Personal Author:
  Boccelli D ; Cooksey E ; Lee, Stephen A. ; Verhougstraete MP ; Wilson AM
• Description:
  The effects of drinking water system infrastructure on water quality and health following intrusion events have not been extensively studied. This study proposes a coupling of hydraulic and water-quality modeling with quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) to characterize microbial infection risks. Two networks were considered based on their network configuration. We assumed a continuous intrusion of enterovirus under three scenarios. The location of vulnerable and influential nodes in a looped and a branched network were compared, followed by a comparison of chlorine booster placement to reduce infection risks. The most vulnerable nodes in the branched network were generally downstream of the intrusion site, whereas those for the looped network were in the middle of the network due to tank dynamics. Influential injection nodes for the looped network were also in the middle of the network but mostly located at the upstream nodes for the branched network. A single chlorine booster yielded a risk reduction (47.6%) for the branched network, greater than for the looped network (nearly none). Two chlorine boosters reduced the looped network risks more notably (63%). The generalizability of these results to other networks likely depends upon specific network hydraulics and variability in municipal drinking water use. This work will help public water system managers in identifying vulnerable points in their distribution system and optimal locations for risk reduction strategy implementation. Description provided by NIOSH
• Subjects:
  • Chlorine
  • Communicable Diseases
  • Occupational Health
  • Risk Assessment
  • Safety
  • Viral Diseases
• Keywords:
  • Drinking water
  • Water purification
  • Water supply
  • Infectious diseases
  • Microbial test systems
  • Risk assessment
  • Chlorine
  • Viral diseases
  • Author Keywords: Chlorine booster
  • Environmental Protection Agency Network Multi-species Extension Software
  More +
• ISSN:
  0733-9496
• Document Type:
  Text
• Funding:
  Grant
• Genre:
  Journal Article
• Place as Subject:
  Arizona ; OSHA Region 8 ; OSHA Region 9 ; Utah
• CIO:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Topic:
  Workplace Safety & Health
• Location:
  North America
• Volume:
  148
• Issue:
  9
• NIOSHTIC Number:
  nn:20067881
• Citation:
  J Water Resour Plan Manag 2022 Sep; 148(9):04022048
• Contact Point Address:
  Amanda M. Wilson, Assistant Professor, Rocky Mountain Center for Occupational and Environmental Health, Univ. of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 85724; Dept. of Community, Environment, and Policy, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, Univ. of Arizon
• Email:
  amwilson2@arizona.edu
• CAS Registry Number:
  • Chlorine (CAS RN 7782-50-5)
• Federal Fiscal Year:
  2022
• Performing Organization:
  University of Utah
• Peer Reviewed:
  True
• Start Date:
  20050701
• Source Full Name:
  Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management
• End Date:
  20280630
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/230120/cdc_230120_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 1.36 MB]
• Collection(s):
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:48c0f87560babcba3b8c1aed4c92ff8fdcd19bb681d01d1e6d62bb2c1da4e5fe4d4a5cce45c9c5dff57c988f0eb8e324de7a72a527d9b7d54dfaed87b06e2938