Ethnic Differences of Urinary Cadmium in Cigarette Smokers from the Multiethnic Cohort Study

Details

• Personal Author:
  Alexander BH ; Cigan SS ; Hatsukami DK ; Le Marchand L ; Murphy SE ; Park SL ; Stepanov I ; Stram DO
• Description:
  The Multiethnic Cohort Study (MEC) has demonstrated racial/ethnic differences in smoking-associated lung cancer risk. As part of the ongoing effort to characterize exposure to cigarette smoke constituents and better understand risk differences, we evaluated Cd exposure as it is a known lung carcinogen. We quantified urinary cadmium (Cd) by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry in a subset of 1956 current smokers from MEC. Ethnic-specific geometric means (GM) were compared adjusting for age at urine collection, sex, creatinine (natural log), education, and smoking (urinary total nicotine equivalents [TNE] and smoking duration). Self-reported questionnaire data, including occupation, were also considered. Latinos and Native Hawaiians had the highest GM urinary Cd (0.871 and 0.836 ng/mL, respectively) followed by Japanese Americans and African Americans (0.811 ng/mL and 0.807, respectively) and Whites (0.736 ng/mL). Patterns in race/ethnicity were consistent by sex such that females had the highest GM urinary Cd. When further adjusting for categorical occupational Cd exposure, racial/ethnic differences of Cd remained (p = 0.009). Findings suggest differences in urinary Cd among smokers across different racial/ethnic groups exist and highlight the importance in considering environmental sources of Cd exposure beyond smoking. These finding lay ground for future studies of individual characteristics that are associated with lower risk for cancer despite higher carcinogenic exposures. [Description provided by NIOSH]
• Subjects:
  Biomarkers Cadmium Carcinogens Cohort Studies Lung Lung Diseases Neoplasms Nicotine Occupational Exposure Occupational Health Race Factors Respiratory System Respiratory Tract Diseases Risk Assessment Risk Factors Safety Smokers Tobacco Products Urine

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• Keywords:
  Author Keywords: Biomarkers Cadmium Exposure Cigarette Smoking Cohort Studies Humans Lung Cancer Occupational Exposure Occupational Exposures Racial Factors Risk Factors Smoking Tobacco Constituents Urinary Cadmium

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• ISSN:
  1660-4601
• Document Type:
  Text
• Funding:
  Grant
• Genre:
  Journal Article
• Place as Subject:
  California ; Colorado ; Hawaii ; Minnesota ; OSHA Region 5 ; OSHA Region 8 ; OSHA Region 9
• CIO:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Topic:
  Workplace Safety & Health
• Location:
  North America
• Volume:
  18
• Issue:
  5
• NIOSHTIC Number:
  nn:20062401
• Citation:
  Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021 Mar; 18(5):2669
• Contact Point Address:
  Shannon S. Cigan, Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
• Email:
  sull0401@umn.edu
• CAS Registry Number:
  (-)-Nicotine (CAS RN 54-11-5) ; Cadmium (CAS RN 7440-43-9)
• Federal Fiscal Year:
  2021
• Performing Organization:
  University of Minnesota Twin Cities
• Peer Reviewed:
  True
• Start Date:
  20050701
• Source Full Name:
  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
• End Date:
  20250630
• Collection(s):
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:12641c279d0caf687edd3bf398ad41b4bb6e7244c60b5d54c9cbb26a53638f3a5980277534f1e0bd50bc9a624ef35dfb4e125d71e659af55fdfe83044d9c0f28
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/225657/cdc_225657_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 3.44 MB ]