The Temporal Relationship Between Behavioral and Hematological Effects of Inhaled Benzene

Details

• Personal Author:
  Dempster AM ; Evans HL ; Snyder CA
• Description:
  Cynomolgus macaque monkeys received head-only exposure to 0, 100, 200, 500, 1000, 2000, 3000, and 4500 ppm toluene for 50 min while simultaneously tested for delayed matching-to-sample behavior, a test of cognitive functions. Response time increased and accuracy of matching decreased at 2000 ppm or more of toluene, indicating an attentional deficit but not specific memory effects. Behavioral indices exhibited monotonic concentration-related changes. Expired carbon dioxide (CO2), the most sensitive index, displayed an inverted U-shaped concentration-effect curve, which increased at 100 ppm (the TLV) and decreased at 4500 ppm toluene. Changes in expired CO2 provide new evidence of physiological changes at very low levels of toluene. These changes may indicate combined behavioral, respiratory, sensory, and metabolic effects. No behavioral measure exhibited either cumulative effects or tolerance to 4500 ppm during two 3-day exposures. However, both response time and expired CO2 exhibited an acute, within-session tolerance. The results indicate that brief inhalation exposure to toluene impairs cognitive and motor abilities at concentrations below those causing overt signs, such as ataxia and intention tremoring. [Description provided by NIOSH]
• Subjects:
  Animals Behavior Benzene Nervous System Occupational Health Respiratory System Safety Toxicology
• Keywords:
  Animal Studies Cognitive Function Dose Response Inhalation
• ISSN:
  0041-008X
• Document Type:
  Text
• Funding:
  Grant
• Genre:
  Journal Article
• Place as Subject:
  New York ; OSHA Region 2
• CIO:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Topic:
  Workplace Safety & Health
• Location:
  North America
• Pages in Document:
  195-203
• Volume:
  76
• Issue:
  1
• NIOSHTIC Number:
  nn:20060580
• Citation:
  Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 1984 Oct; 76(1):195-203
• Contact Point Address:
  Hugh L. Evans, Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University Medical Center, 550 First Avenue, New York, New York 10016 USA
• CAS Registry Number:
  Benzene (CAS RN 71-43-2)
• Federal Fiscal Year:
  1985
• Peer Reviewed:
  True
• Source Full Name:
  Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology
• Collection(s):
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:745e4f3fca1a671f6f40f82925d6cba59aa4e7d7015f2cdf408cc9c10369c922bda1bf21a1d09fc4dbd3e7f55eb0615f3a8cc231f6936eb51d3dfac72478a18f
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/224443/cdc_224443_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 745.64 KB ]