In Vitro Toxicity Assessment of Respirable Solid Surface Composite Sawing Particles

Details

• Personal Author:
  Farcas M ; Friend SA ; Kang S ; Mandler WK ; Qi C ; Qian Y
• Description:
  Solid surface composites (SSCs) are a class of popular construction materials composed of aluminum trihydrate and acrylic polymers. Previous investigations have demonstrated that sawing SSC releases substantial airborne dusts, with a number-based geometric mean diameter of 1.05 µm. We reported that in mice, aspiration exposure to airborne SSC dusts induced symptoms of pulmonary inflammation at 24-h postexposure: neutrophilic influx, alveolitis, and increased lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and pro-inflammatory cytokine levels in lavage fluid. The particles appeared to be poorly cleared, with 81% remaining at 14-day postexposure. The objective of this study was to determine the toxicity specifically of respirable particles on a model of human alveolar macrophages (THP-1). The relative toxicities of subfractions (0.07, 0.66, 1.58, 5.0, and 13.42 µm diameter) of the airborne particles were also determined. THP-1 macrophages were exposed for 24 h to respirable particles from sawing SSC (0, 12.5, 25, 50, or 100 µg/ml) or size-specific fractions (100 µg/ml). Exposure to respirable SSC particles induced THP-1 macrophage toxicity in a dose-dependent manner. Viability was decreased by 15% and 19% after exposure to 50 and 100 µg/ml SSC, respectively, which correlated with increased cell culture supernatant LDH activity by 40% and 70% when compared to control. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and inflammatory cytokines were increased in a dose-dependent manner. A size-dependent cytotoxic effect was observed in the cells exposed to subfractions of SSC particles. SSC particles of 0.07, 0.66, and 1.58 µm diameter killed 36%, 17%, and 22% of cells, respectively. These results indicate a potential for cytotoxicity of respirable SSC particles and a relationship between particle size and toxicity, with the smallest fractions appearing to exhibit the greatest toxicity. [Description provided by NIOSH]
• Subjects:
  Aluminum Compounds Construction Industry Construction Materials Dust Environmental Exposure Immune System Laboratories Lung Occupational Health Particulate Matter Polymers Respiratory System Safety Toxicology

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• Keywords:
  Acrylics Aluminum Compounds Aluminum Hydroxide Alveolar Cells Author Keywords: In Vitro Construction Construction Materials Cytokines Dose Dependency Exposure Assessment Exposure Levels Humans Immune Reaction In Vitro Study Laboratory Testing Macrophage Nanocomposites Nanomaterials Nanoparticle Neutrophils Occupational Health Particle Diameter Particle Size Pulmonary Clearance Pulmonary Effects Respirable Dust Size Dependency Toxic Effects

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• ISSN:
  0748-2337
• Document Type:
  Text
• Genre:
  Journal Article
• Place as Subject:
  Ohio ; OSHA Region 3 ; OSHA Region 5 ; West Virginia
• CIO:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Division:
  HELD - Health Effects Laboratory Division ; DFSE - Division of Field Studies and Engineering
• Topic:
  Workplace Safety & Health
• Location:
  North America
• Pages in Document:
  250-262
• Volume:
  36
• Issue:
  4
• NIOSHTIC Number:
  nn:20059650
• Citation:
  Toxicol Ind Health 2020 Apr; 36(4):250-262
• Contact Point Address:
  Yong Qian, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
• Email:
  yaq2@cdc.gov
• CAS Registry Number:
  Aluminum hydroxide (CAS RN 21645-51-2)
• Federal Fiscal Year:
  2020
• NORA Priority Area:
  Manufacturing
• Peer Reviewed:
  True
• Source Full Name:
  Toxicology and Industrial Health
• Collection(s):
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:7cba22d70ef2bbd70e5b52e0250a2d7cb0617ea2c7a6e2196fdfe6b2d9fbfa8636a3c3a9dc501fc5496be7a2d92e604d07087ba063e671217c1ab4c785d3db09
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/223800/cdc_223800_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 608.99 KB ]