In Vitro Toxicity Assessment of Respirable Solid Surface Composite Sawing Particles

Details

• Personal Author:
  Farcas M ; Friend SA ; Kang S ; Mandler WK ; Qi C ; Qian Y ; Farcas M ; Friend SA ; Kang S ; Mandler WK ; Qi C ; Qian Y
• Description:
  Solid surface composites (SSC) are a class of popular construction materials composed of aluminum trihydrate (ATH) and acrylic polymers. Previous investigations have demonstrated that sawing SSC releases substantial airborne dusts ranging size from 6 nm to 19.8 microm, with a geometric mean diameter of 1.05 microm. In mice, aspiration exposure to airborne SSC dusts induced symptoms of pulmonary inflammation at 24 h post-exposure: neutrophilic influx, alveolitis, and increased lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and proinflammatory cytokine levels in lavage fluid. The particles appeared to be poorly-cleared, with 81% remaining at 14 days post-exposure. The objective of this study was to determine the toxicity of specifically respirable-sized particles on a model of human alveolar macrophages (THP-1). The relative toxicities of sub-fractions (0.07, 0.66, 1.58, 5.0, and 13.42 um diameter) of the airborne particles were also determined. THP-1 macrophages were exposed for 24 h to respirable particles from sawing SSC (0, 12.5, 25, 50, or 100 ug/ml), or size-specific fractions (25, 50, and 100 ug/ml). Respirable particles decreased viability by 15% and 19% after exposure to 50 ug/ml and 100 ug/ml SSC, respectively, which correlated with increased cell culture supernatant LDH activity by 40% and 70% when compared to control. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production were increased by 64% and 106% after exposure to 50 ug/ml and 100 ug/ml, and the glutathione peroxidase activity was increased by 22%, 18%, and 20% at the 12.5, 25, and 50 ug/mL exposure levels, respectively. IL-1beta, IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-13, IFNgamma, and TNFalpha were all increased in a dose-dependent manner. In the cells exposed to sub-fractions of SSC particles, at 50 ug/ml, the 0.07um particles killed 23% of cells. At 100 ug/ml, 0.07 and 1.58 um particles killed 36%, and 22% of cells, respectively. While each of these described fractions elicited a significant LDH response from control, they were not statistically different from each other. These results indicate a potential for cytotoxicity of respirable SSC particles and a relationship between particle size and toxicity. [Description provided by NIOSH]
• Subjects:
  Aluminum Compounds Construction Industry Construction Materials Dust Environmental Exposure Immune System Laboratories Lung Occupational Health Particulate Matter Polymers Respiratory System Safety Toxicology

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• Keywords:
  Acrylics Aluminum Compounds Alveolar Cells Construction Construction Materials Cytokines Exposure Assessment Exposure Levels Humans Immune Reaction In Vitro Study Laboratory Testing Nanocomposites Nanomaterials Neutrophils Particle Diameter Particle Size Pulmonary Clearance Pulmonary Effects Respirable Dust Toxic Effects

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• ISSN:
  1096-6080
• Document Type:
  Text
• Genre:
  Abstract or Summary ; Abstract or Summary
• Place as Subject:
  California ; Ohio ; OSHA Region 3 ; OSHA Region 5 ; OSHA Region 9 ; West Virginia
• CIO:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) ; National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Division:
  HELD - Health Effects Laboratory Division ; DFSE - Division of Field Studies and Engineering ; HELD - Health Effects Laboratory Division ; DFSE - Division of Field Studies and Engineering
• Topic:
  Workplace Safety & Health ; Workplace Safety & Health
• Location:
  North America ; North America
• Pages in Document:
  42
• Volume:
  174
• Issue:
  1
• NIOSHTIC Number:
  nn:20058857
• Citation:
  Toxicologist 2020 Mar; 174(1):42
• Federal Fiscal Year:
  2020
• NORA Priority Area:
  Manufacturing ; Manufacturing
• Peer Reviewed:
  False
• Source Full Name:
  The Toxicologist. Society of Toxicology 59th Annual Meeting and ToxExpo, March 15-19, 2020, Anaheim, California
• Collection(s):
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:a7f804cc28edbb0b8a26a887dab2736e2d3d3c29ce2d8966da9355a7b2be36f93d4c537b9794fb0c0be08bef73602d373a97e58688444f22409d4dfb1d384c3f
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/223242/cdc_223242_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 523.33 KB ]