Cytotoxicity of Peracetic Acid Vapor Exposures on Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells

Details

• Personal Author:
  Blackley, Brie H. ; Coyle JP ; Leonard, Stephen S. ; McKinney W ; Morris AM ; Olgun, Nicole S. ; Orandle MS
• Description:
  Peracetic acid (PAA) is a highly reactive peroxygen compound that is widely used as a disinfectant in healthcare settings and poultry processing plants. PAA is irritating and corrosive to the eyes, skin, and mucous membranes of the respiratory tract. Workers exposed to PAA vapors from the spraying and fogging of disinfectant solutions have reported symptoms such as headaches, lacrimation, coughing, wheezing, and blurred vision. Using a commercially available solution of PAA (32 weight % in dilute acetic acid), we aimed to identify the possible cytotoxicity associated with vapor exposures on normal human bronchial epithelial cells (NHBEs) in vitro, differentiated on porous, transwell membranes at the air-liquid interface. Using an in-house exposure chamber, NHBEs were exposed to filtered air (FA) for 1 hour (h), 2 h, and 4 h. This was to account for differences in temperature, relative humidity (RH) and carbon dioxide (CO2) as compared to the cell culture incubator. Temperature in the chamber was 74.4 degrees F, RH was 90.4%, and CO2 in ambient air was 0.04%. Using the water soluble tetrazolium assay, no significant differences in viability were detected between FA-exposed cells and incubator controls. Next, NHBEs were exposed to either FA (controls), 12 or 22 ppm of PAA for 4 h and then returned to incubators for an additional 4 or 24 h recovery period. Cellular viability, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) production, cytokine production (IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-8, and TNFalpha) and microscopic changes in cells were assessed at 4 and 24 h post exposures. Compared to FA controls, PAA (22 ppm) reduced cellular viability and increased LDH release, denoting acute cytotoxicity upon exposure at both time points. Cytokine production in FA-treated cells was not significantly different than PAA-treated cells, except for IL-6 at both time points. Microscopic changes were assessed using H&E staining of cells. Compared to controls at 24 h, PAA caused cell necrosis and loss of cilia. Our studies show that exposure of NHBE cells to PAA causes significant changes in viability, LDH production, IL-6 production and microscopic abnormalities when compared to FA. Further studies are needed to delineate the exact mechanism(s) by which this occurs. [Description provided by NIOSH]
• Subjects:
  Acids Biological Assay Carbon Dioxide Cells, Cultured Cytotoxins Disinfectants Environmental Exposure Hazardous Substances Humidity Lung Microbiology Occupational Health Respiratory System Safety Solvents Temperature Toxicology

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• Keywords:
  Acetic Acid Acute Toxicity Bioassays Carbon Dioxide Cell Cultures Cell Culture Techniques Cell Damage Cellular Effects Cytokines Cytotoxic Effects Cytotoxicity Exposure Assessment Exposure Chambers Exposure Levels Humans In Vitro Study Lung Cells Microscopic Analysis Relative Humidity Temperature Control Toxic Effects Vapors

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• ISSN:
  1096-6080
• Document Type:
  Text
• Genre:
  Abstract or Summary
• Place as Subject:
  California ; OSHA Region 3 ; OSHA Region 9 ; West Virginia
• CIO:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Division:
  HELD - Health Effects Laboratory Division ; RHD - Respiratory Health Division
• Topic:
  Workplace Safety & Health
• Location:
  North America
• Volume:
  174
• Issue:
  1
• NIOSHTIC Number:
  nn:20058977
• Citation:
  Toxicologist 2020 Mar; 174(1):408
• CAS Registry Number:
  Acetic acid (CAS RN 64-19-7) ; Carbon dioxide (CAS RN 124-38-9) ; Peracetic acid (CAS RN 79-21-0)
• Federal Fiscal Year:
  2020
• NORA Priority Area:
  Healthcare and Social Assistance
• Peer Reviewed:
  False
• Source Full Name:
  The Toxicologist. Society of Toxicology 59th Annual Meeting and ToxExpo, March 15-19, 2020, Anaheim, California
• Collection(s):
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:0afc196a8752f6f7a1be5d1c308193f9c64b1f1dff720fa2b244d30881e9276834f11591264b8b7709d0eb92ac0b530234819e7d42ad27da17e19df5507f8449
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/223321/cdc_223321_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 522.93 KB ]