Alterations in the Mouse Skin and Gut Microbiome and Skin Integrity Following Dermal Exposure to the Antimicrobial Chemical Triclosan

Details

• Personal Author:
  Anderson, Stacey E. ; Baur R ; Lukomska E ; Marshall NB ; Shane HL ; Weatherly LM
• Description:
  It is increasingly being recognized that the microbiome plays an important role in human health. Dysbiosis of the microbiome has been shown to alter immune responses and has been associated with increased risk of allergic disease. Triclosan is an antimicrobial chemical used in the healthcare field as a high level disinfectant. In humans, triclosan exposure has been associated with an increase in food and aeroallergy and asthma exacerbation. Although not directly sensitizing, dermal exposure to triclosan has been shown to augment allergic responses to experimental allergens in mouse models. However, the impact of dermal exposure to antimicrobials, such as triclosan, on the microbiome and skin integrity is unknown. This study investigated the impact of dermal exposure to triclosan on the skin and gut microbiome and on the skin integrity in mice. Mice were dermally exposed to 2% or 3% triclosan or acetone vehicle control once daily for either 7 or 28 consecutive days. Swabs were used to collect skin commensal bacteria prior to exposure and over the course of the exposure period. Following the final triclosan exposure, skin was collected to assess expression of skin integrity genes and fecal pellets were collected to assess gut commensal bacteria. Following bacterial DNA extraction from skin swabs and fecal pellets, composition of the skin and gut microbiota was determined by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Triclosan exposure decreased the relative abundance of Proteobacteria and increased the abundance of Firmicutes, specifically the families Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae, on the skin. Triclosan exposure also led to increased abundance of Lactobacillaceae in the gut. Seven days of triclosan exposure altered the expression of two skin integrity genes, filaggrin 2 and keratin 14, in the skin. Taken together, dermal exposure to triclosan altered the composition of commensal bacteria in both the skin and gut of mice and altered the expression of skin integrity genes, suggesting that triclosan can both induce dysbiosis of the microbiome and alter skin integrity and that this may contribute to the observed alternations in immune function. [Description provided by NIOSH]
• Subjects:
  Acetone Acids Disinfectants Environmental Exposure Genetics Immune System Laboratories Microbiology Occupational Health Safety Skin Toxicology

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• Keywords:
  Anaerobic Bacteria Antimicrobials Bacteria Cell Alteration Cellular Structures Deoxyribonucleic Acids Dermal Exposures DNA Exposure Assessment Exposure Levels Gastrointestinal System Gene Expression Genes Immune Reaction Immune System Intestinal Tissue Laboratory Animals Laboratory Testing Microorganisms Pathogenicity Stomach Disorders

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• ISSN:
  1096-6080
• Document Type:
  Text
• Genre:
  Abstract or Summary
• Place as Subject:
  California ; OSHA Region 3 ; OSHA Region 9 ; West Virginia
• CIO:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Division:
  HELD - Health Effects Laboratory Division
• Topic:
  Workplace Safety & Health
• Location:
  North America
• Volume:
  174
• Issue:
  1
• NIOSHTIC Number:
  nn:20058917
• Citation:
  Toxicologist 2020 Mar; 174(1):196
• CAS Registry Number:
  Acetone (CAS RN 67-64-1) ; Lactic acid (CAS RN 50-21-5) ; Triclosan (CAS RN 3380-34-5)
• Federal Fiscal Year:
  2020
• NORA Priority Area:
  Healthcare and Social Assistance
• Peer Reviewed:
  False
• Source Full Name:
  The Toxicologist. Society of Toxicology 59th Annual Meeting and ToxExpo, March 15-19, 2020, Anaheim, California
• Collection(s):
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:cf2bdb934de107efb233eb88dc76fedb4175761a2c68e62896eadbd928b0504c0cee7518d7ff522db3a078c5bd8eb2516e3e7d3d65fdcbf0d126247aeb5abaf3
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/223276/cdc_223276_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 522.75 KB ]