Alterations in the Mouse Skin and Gut Microbiome Following Dermal Exposure to the Antimicrobial Chemical Triclosan

Details

• Personal Author:
  Anderson S ; Baur R ; Lukomska E ; Marshall N ; Shane H ; Weatherly L
• Description:
  It is increasingly being recognized that the microbiome plays an important role in human health. Dysbiosis of the microbiome has been shown to alter immune responses and has been associated with increased risk of allergic disease. Triclosan is an antimicrobial chemical used in the healthcare field as a high level disinfectant. In humans, triclosan exposure has been associated with an increase in food and aeroallergy and asthma exacerbation. Although not directly sensitizing, dermal exposure to triclosan has been shown to augment allergic responses to experimental allergens in mouse models. However, the impact of dermal exposure to antimicrobials, such as triclosan, on the microbiome is unknown. This study investigated the impact of dermal exposure to triclosan on the skin and gut microbiome in mice. Mice were dermally exposed to 2- 3% triclosan or acetone vehicle control for either 7 or 28 consecutive days. Swabs were used to collect skin commensal bacteria prior to exposure and over the course of the exposure period and fecal pellets were collected following the last triclosan exposure to assess gut commensal bacteria. Following bacterial DNA extraction from skin swabs and fecal pellets, composition of the skin and gut microbiota was determined by 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing. Sequences were grouped into operational taxonomic units and given taxonomic assignments. Analysis of changes in relative abundance identified decreased Proteobacteria and increased Firmicutes in the triclosan exposed group compared to the vehicle control. The skin and gut diverged on the class taxonomic level; Clostridia increased in skin samples, whereas Bacilli increased in the fecal pellet samples. Within the class of Clostridia, Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae were both increased in relative abundance in the skin swab samples. Lactobacillaceae within the class Bacilli was increased in abundance in the gut. Taken together, dermal exposure to triclosan altered the composition of commensal bacteria in both the skin and gut of mice, suggesting that triclosan can induce dysbiosis of the microbiome and this may contribute to the observed alternations in immune function. [Description provided by NIOSH]
• Subjects:
  Disinfectants Environmental Exposure Immune System Laboratories Microbiology Occupational Health Safety Skin Toxicology
• Keywords:
  Anaerobic Bacteria Antimicrobials Bacteria Biological Effects Biological Systems Body Regions Dermal Exposures Ecological Systems Exposure Assessment Exposure Levels Gastrointestinal System Immune Reaction Immune System Disorders Laboratory Animals Laboratory Testing Microorganisms Pathogenicity Sampling Skin Exposure Stomach Disorders

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• ISSN:
  1096-6080
• Document Type:
  Text
• Genre:
  Abstract or Summary
• Place as Subject:
  Maryland ; OSHA Region 3 ; West Virginia
• CIO:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Division:
  HELD - Health Effects Laboratory Division
• Topic:
  Workplace Safety & Health
• Location:
  North America
• Volume:
  168
• Issue:
  1
• NIOSHTIC Number:
  nn:20055074
• Citation:
  Toxicologist 2019 Mar; 168(1):304
• CAS Registry Number:
  Triclosan (CAS RN 3380-34-5)
• Federal Fiscal Year:
  2019
• NORA Priority Area:
  Healthcare and Social Assistance
• Peer Reviewed:
  False
• Source Full Name:
  The Toxicologist. Society of Toxicology 58th Annual Meeting and ToxExpo, March 10-14, 2019, Baltimore, Maryland
• Collection(s):
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:e111380da48daf65cc82538544f2371239f1d6474c82eaec454084b6725ad9017229a834948dfe90b6cf013e05d6935a65a4a1ca9c6fca3f35e0147996a891cd
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/217451/cdc_217451_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 858.59 KB ]