Diesel Exhaust, Respirable Dust, and Ischemic Heart Disease: An Application of the Parametric G-Formula

Details

• Personal Author:
  Attfield MD ; Blair, Austin ; Brown DM ; Costello S ; Eisen EA ; Lubin JH ; Neophytou AM ; Picciotto S ; Silverman DT ; Stewart PA ; Vermeulen R
• Description:
  Background: Although general population studies of air pollution suggest that particulate matter - diesel exhaust emissions in particular - is a potential risk factor for cardiovascular disease, direct evidence from occupational cohorts using quantitative metrics of exposure is limited. In this study, we assess counterfactual risk of ischemic heart disease (IHD) mortality under hypothetical scenarios limiting exposure levels of diesel exhaust and of respirable mine/ore dust in the Diesel Exhaust in Miners Study cohort. Methods: We analyzed data on 10,779 male miners from 8 nonmetal, noncoal mines - hired after diesel equipment was introduced in the respective facilities - and followed from 1948 to 1997, with 297 observed IHD deaths in this sample. We applied the parametric g-formula to assess risk under hypothetical scenarios with various limits for respirable elemental carbon (a surrogate for diesel exhaust), and respirable dust, separately and jointly. Results: The risk ratio comparing the observed risk to cumulative IHD mortality risk at age 80 under a hypothetical scenario where exposures to elemental carbon and respirable dust are eliminated was 0.79 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.64, 0.97). The corresponding risk difference was -3.0% (95% CI: -5.7, -0.3). Conclusion: Our findings, based on data from a cohort of nonmetal miners, are consistent with the hypothesis that interventions to eliminate exposures to diesel exhaust and respirable dust would reduce IHD mortality risk. [Description provided by NIOSH]
• Subjects:
  Air Pollutants, Occupational Cardiovascular Diseases Cardiovascular System Cohort Studies Dust Environmental Exposure Environmental Pollution Men Mining Mortality Occupational Health Particulate Matter Risk Assessment Risk Factors Safety Vehicle Emissions

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• Keywords:
  Air Pollutants Analytical Instruments Analytical Processes Author Keywords: Diesel Cardiovascular Disease Cohort Studies Diesel Emissions Diesel Exhaust Elemental Carbon Environmental Pollution G-formula Healthy Worker Survivor Effect Heart Disease Intervention Ischemic Heart Disease Ischemic Stroke Mineral Dusts Miners Mortality Data Mortality Studies Particulates Respirable Dust Risk Factors Surveillance

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• ISSN:
  1044-3983
• Document Type:
  Text
• Funding:
  Grant
• Genre:
  Journal Article
• Place as Subject:
  California ; Maryland ; OSHA Region 3 ; OSHA Region 9 ; Virginia ; West Virginia
• CIO:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Topic:
  Workplace Safety & Health
• Location:
  North America
• Pages in Document:
  177-185
• Volume:
  30
• Issue:
  2
• NIOSHTIC Number:
  nn:20054779
• Citation:
  Epidemiology 2019 Mar; 30(2):177-185
• Contact Point Address:
  Andreas M. Neophytou, Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, 50 University Hall #7360 Berkeley, CA 94720-7360
• Email:
  aneophytou@berkeley.edu
• CAS Registry Number:
  Carbon (CAS RN 7440-44-0)
• Federal Fiscal Year:
  2019
• Performing Organization:
  University of California, Berkeley
• Peer Reviewed:
  True
• Start Date:
  20050701
• Source Full Name:
  Epidemiology
• End Date:
  20250630
• Collection(s):
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:e1afc14dea668dfea1f4a80177dcda114bc4661eb830e4d6b39bdbfafe4137bf1f978d7059eb521f162750652712346d8efb455085eeab33f2eb1d2e2d03446f
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/217212/cdc_217212_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 216.39 KB ]